Objective: To explore the applicability and feasibility of two-level triage system in our tertiary hospital outpatient visit management. Methods: The authors established two-level triage system based on the JCI outpatient safety management goal and homogeneity service, they defined the job description of clinic nurses, established outpatient safety management system,improved clinic environment, using outpatient triage software to support the two-level triage management. Results: The average waiting time decreased from 56.33 min to 40.95 min (P<0.001), the overall satisfaction for outpatient increased from 91.38% to 94.63% (P<0.001) after three-year practice. No one suffered sudden accident death in clinic. The rate of one clinic for one patient was 96.8%. Conclusion: The two-level triage system under JCI standard was safe and efficient for improving clinic service and outpatient satisfaction. It is an important means to increase outpatient service quality.

Objective: To introduce the project management method to optimize outpatient blood drawn service. Method: Using project management theory and method, research and analysis to find the reasons, optimize the outpatient blodd drawn services by adjusting staffing needs, improving protocols and better risk management ultimately resolving the long waiting time for blood drawn services. Results: By applying the project management method, the average waiting time decreased from 60 minute to 15 minutes,75.0% down compare to before; the score of patient satisfaction increased from 88 to 98; patient complaints rate decreased from 4.0% to 0.5%. Conclusion: Application of project management method can improve the efficiency and quality of outpatient service,improve the patient satisfaction.

According to the requirements of patients, the nurses provide integrated health education in different ways,including health directions during the whole process of clinic visit, group education at lunch time, and specialty clinic education service. Through the integrated health education, outpatients understood the knowledge of disease prevention and the information related to clinic visit. Nurses' management ability and the theoretical knowledge level also improved. It highly reflected the concept of high-quality nursing service.

To promote the overall management of patients in the holistic nursing mode, and explore the plan for the discharged patients to continue specialized nursing, our hospital have promoted the operation and development of nursing specialist clinic vigorously from June 1, 2012 to May 31, 2015, annual outpatient visits increase steadily, and high quality service of overall management for the discharged patients has formed initially. In the holistic nursing mode, nursing specialist clinic promotes the overall patient management, effectively reduce the rate of re-admission, meet the demand of nurses' professional development and promote nursing discipline. This article discuss the practice of nursing specialist clinic, advantages and disadvantages of nursing specialist clinics in our hospital, in order to provide reference for promoting and realizing the continuation of professional nursing for discharged patients.

Objective: To explore the application effect on the patients handover in pediatric emergency department with SBAR standardized communication mode. Methods: Selected 48 patients from 2015.1 to 2015.3 in the pediatric emergency department which need handover as control group, handover with traditional transition in the form of verbal handover, selected 51 patients from 2015.4 to 2015.6 in pediatric emergency department which need handover as observation group, handover with SBAR, compare two groups in the incidence of adverse events, transshipment handover time-consuming, the situation of the medical staff satisfaction.Results: Compare the observation group with the control group in the incidence of adverse events and transition time,it had significant difference (P<0.05), The satisfaction of medical staff in the observation group was much better than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Handover with SBAR standardized communication mode can reduce the incidence of adverse events, shortened the handover time, medical staff satisfaction improved, so it’s better to safeguard the safety of patients which need handover in pediatric emergency department, so the SBAR communication mode is worth promoting.

Objective: To analyze the work time of circulating nurses in order to provide evidence of simplifyingwork flow and improving the work efficiency. Methods: Facilitate selection of 35 circulating nurses, using spot-tracking method to track 35 different operations and record details of each circuluating nurse working condition and time using self-designed data collection forms. Results: 85.29% is directly related to the operations. Conclusion: The schedule of the circulating nurse is reasonable, but we need to strengthen the time of cooperation with the anesthesiologist, optimize the items placement, improve the document efficiency and reduce the time to fetch, thereby to improve the overall work efficiency.

Objective: To probe into influence of psychological capital and achievement motivation on ICU male nurses' Vocational delay of gratification. Methods: A total of 109 nurses from 16 general hospitals in Guangdong were investigated with psychological capital scale, achievement motivation scale, and vocational delay of gratification questionnaire. Results: The mean score of vocational delay of gratification was 19.79±5.29. The mean score of psychological capital was 45.21±5.02. The mean score of achievement motivation was 4.34±6.14. Regression analysis showed that there were significant positive correlation among marriage, income, professional title, optimism, pursuit of success and vocational delay of gratification. Conclusion: The level of vocational delay of gratification is still low. Maintaining optimistic attitude and strengthening motivation for succeed is an effective approach to enhance nurses' vocational delay of gratification.

Objective: To investigate the status of clinical nurses' achievement motivation and innovation behavior, and explore the correlation between them. Methods: Using Achievement Motivation Scale (AMS) and nurse innovative behavior scale, 682 clinical nurses were investigated. Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to explore the effect of achievement motivation on innovation behaviors of nurses. Results: The motivation for nurses to pursue success(2.68±0.45) was higher than the motivation to avoid failure (2.57±0.48), and innovative behavior scores (3.25±0.64) were in the medium level, and the motivation to pursue success and various dimensions of innovative behavior were positively correlated (P<0.01), the motivation to pursue success ,the professional titles and position were the influence factors of innovative behavior(P<0.01). Conclusion: The higher the motivation to pursue success the nurses have, the more outstanding the innovation behavior they show. In order to improve their innovative behavior, nursing managers should take measures to improve the motivation to pursue success of nurses.

Objective: To explore the breastfeeding needs and real experience on mothers of twins. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological methodology was used in the study. Semi-structured in depth interviews were conducted among 24 mothers of twins. The data were transcribed, collated, summarized and analyzed using content analysis. Results: Through careful analysis and collation, four themes were identified. The confidence of breastfeeding, daily living conditions, maternal separtion feeding management and care needed after discharge. Conclusions: Mothers of twins need much more support, guidance, and cooperation which comes from health care professionals, spouse and family members, and community staff, in order to improve the rates of initiation and duration of breastfeeding for mothers of twins.

Objective: To explore the fatigue status of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 150 patients with IBD from a tertiary A-level general hospital in Beijing were investigated with Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety scale (SAS), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The influencing factors of fatigue among patients with IBD were analyzed. Results: The score of total fatigue was (60.21±13.63). Depression, payment schemes and sleep quality index were the main influential factors of IBD patients' fatigue. Conclusion: The fatigue of patients with IBD was at a high level. Multiple measures should be taken,including improving the sleep quality, providing psychological care, decreasing unnecessary medical costs to improve the fatigue status of patients.

Objective: To analyze the classical literature, the important author and the active research area of transcultural nursing research. Methods: Based on the Web of Science database, we used HistCite analysis tools and the bibliometrics method and searched and collected the research papers on transcultural nursing from 1950 to 2015. Results: We found 3455 papers, and the amount of transcultural nursing papers was increasing, and the developed countries such as the United States had a significant research achievements in this field. The most type of articles is treatise, and the popular keywords are cultural background differences and blend, cultural ability and quality of care, the development of transculture nursing evaluation tools, and the related research methods, etc. Conclusion: The research in the developed countries in the field is in the leading position, and in some special topics they have made a breakthrough progress. There is still a large climbing space in this research field in our country.

Objective: To investigate the level and influencing factors of self-efficacy for symptom management in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods: A convenience sample of 127 patients were investigated with Hemodialysis Knowledge Questionnaire, Self-efficacy for Symptom Management Scale (SESMs), and Social Support Scale (SSS). Results: The mean score of SESMs was 6.88±2.36, which was at low to moderate level. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of self-efficacy for symptom management were hemodialysis knowledge level (β=0.767, P<0.001), social support level (β=0.086, P=0.003), education level (β=0.068, P=0.005), and dialysis frequency (β=0.039, P=0.019). Conclusion:The maintenance hemodialysis patients' self-efficacy for symptom management was at low to moderate level. Improving patients' hemodialysis knowledge, enhancing social support system and dealing with the other influencing factors may improve the patients' self-efficacy for symptom management.

Objective: To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS) among liver transplant recipients. Methods: The english version of PHCS was translated into chinese according to Brislin translation model. The reliability and validity of Chinese version of PHCS were tested in 221 liver transplant recipients. Results: The Cronbach's α of the total scale and its two subscales were 0.802, 0.786 and 0.769 separately. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.709. The average content validity index was 0.95 for the total scale. Two factors were extracted by factor analysis, which contributed 60.825% of the variance. The perceived health competence showed positive correlation with PCS (rs=0.255, P<0.01), MCS (rs=0.570, P<0.01) and confrontation (rs=0.173, P<0.01), and showed negative correlation with avoidance(rs= -0.134, P<0.05) and acceptance-resignation (rs= -0.575, P<0.01). Conclusion: The reliability and validity of Chinese version of PHCS in liver transplant recipients are acceptable, so it could be used to assess the self-efficacy of health management in Chinese liver transplant recipients.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depression in patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Methods: Totally 213 gestational diabetes mellitus patients were investigated Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS)and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Results: The prevalence of depression in GDM patients was 40.38%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, sleep quality and utility degree of social support were the important influencing factors of GDM patients depression status (OR=12.877, 0.147, 0.313, respectively). Conclusion: There was high depression prevalence in GDM patients. Age was probably risk factors, while sleep and social support levels were protective factors.

Objective: To explore the effects of cognitive training on type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in community. Methods: The T2DM patients with MCI from two communities in Changsha city were selected as study subjects from July, 2014 to January, 2015, they were randomly divided into experimental group (39 cases) and control group (40 cases). The cases in control group received routine care of the community, while the cases in experimental group got 3-month cognitive training combined with routine care of the community. Cognitive functions of the two groups were evaluated prior to intervention, after intervention and after 3-month follow-up using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)Beijing version and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: There were significant differences in the main effects of intervention, the main effects of time and interaction between intervention and time on scores of MoCA Beijing version and MMSE between two groups, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in scores of MoCA Beijing version and MMSE between experimental group and control group before intervention (P>0.05). There were significant differences in scores of MoCA Beijing version and MMSE between experimental group and control group after intervention and 3-month followup(P<0.05). In experimental group, the scores of MoCA Beijing version and MMSE after intervention and follow-up were significantly higher than those before intervention, respectively (P<0.05). The scores of visuospatial abilities, abstraction and delayed memory of MoCA in the experimental group were statistically higher than control group after intervention (P<0.05).Conclusion: Cognitive training could significantly improve cognitive functions of T2DM patients with MCI in community.

Objective: To build medical staff occupational exposure protection system, strengthen the medical staff occupational safety. Methods: Under the supervision and help of the Chinese center for Disease Control and prevention, Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Disease, and the occupational health standards laboratory, the authors made an active exploration of occupational safety and protection. Results: They set up a scientific, advanced, systematic, feasible occupational exposure protection management system. Conclusion: This hospital occupational exposure protection system could improve medical staff's awareness of occupational exposure, promote their precaution and report behaviors, ensure their occupational safety.

This paper summarized occupational safety hazards and countermeasures for endoscopy nursing staff, aiming to arouse the attention of the relevant departments. On the premise of guarantee patient safety, maintaining the endoscopic nurses' own security.

Objective: To explore the prevention and response effect of workplace violence(WPV) when emergency department medical personal performing debridement surgery. Methods: Combine with the threatened violence evaluation system (STAMP), adopt preventive measures against workplace violence in response to violence induced by patients and family members during debridement surgery, analyze the incidence rate before and after the implementation of measures. Results:Work violence rate fell to 0.40% from 1.30% before the implementation, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Targeted measures should be created to high-risk population, particularly focusing on early identification, prevention,and improve service quality.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the training of new nurses' core ability based on the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse (CIRN) by Liu Ming. Methods: Totally 91 new nurses who were employed by a tertiary hospital in 2013 were included in this study. They had received the training based on CIRN for one year. Self-assessments of their core ability before and after the training were collected and analyzed. Results: After the training, the general score and the score in each dimension were all significantly higher than before, especially the ability in clinical nursing, critical thinking, research, teaching and consultation (P<0.05). Conclusion: The training based on CIRN could improve the core ability of new nurses.

Objective: To investigate the impact of nurses' perceived organizational support and job satisfaction on their turnover intention, and to establish a model of this relationship. Methods: Totally 592 nurses from a 3-A grade hospital were investigated with Survey of Nurse Perceived Organizational Support (SNPOS), McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale (MMSS)and Turnover Intention Scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 17.0. Results: The mean scores of SNPOS,MMSS, Turnover Intention Scale were 3.23±0.76, 3.06±0.56, and 12.87±3.77, respectively. Perceived organizational support had positive correlation with job satisfaction and negative correlation with turnover intention. The job satisfaction had negative correlation with turnover intention. The job satisfaction mediated between nurse perceived organizational support and turnover intention, with the mediation effect of -0.224, and explained 43.6% of the total effects. Conclusion: Nursing administrators should provide favorable organizational support to nurses in order to enhance their job satisfaction and decrease their turnover intention.

As a output of the emerging technology combined with nursing education, cloud recording and play is used for basic nursing skills education and teaching of students upgrading from junior college to university, which is only way to develop information education of our college, is the inevitable requirement of sustainable development of information and is the important symbol of promotion of school operational level. With smart classroom, networking and information platform to teaching is inexorable trend of cloud recording and play system's application. This paper explained the concept, advantage, establishment and application of cloud recording and play, and introduced the application of this system on nursing education combined with the actual case applied in college, which intend to provide the reference of application of cloud recording and play for nursing colleges and universities.

Objective: To explore the situation of nursing adverse events reporting in tertiary hospitals of Guangdong province, to provide the basis for improving nursing management of adverse events. Methods: Cluster sampling method was used, and a questionnaire survey of 110 tertiary hospitals of Guangdong province was used. Result: All of the tertiary hospitals had established safety adverse events reporting system. 17 211 adverse events for various types of nursing have been reported in 2013, and on average, every hospital reported 156.5. Every the thousand discharge patients reported 39.4. There were significant differences in the degree of adverse event monitoring reports in different categories. In-hospital falls, medication errors, hospital bed sore were reported higher, which were 98.2%, 97.2% and 94.5% respectively, meanwhile, the urinary system infection, which was caused by ureter, was reported a lowest one, and it was 74.5%. The incidence of pressure sores, falls and suicides in patients of general hospital was significantly higher than that of the specialist hospital. The hospital with sufficient nurse human resource allocation had a lower incidence of pressure sores and falls. Conclusion: The tertiary hospitals of Guangdong province all had initially established safety adverse events reporting system. The nurse human resource configuration should be strengthened and the nursing adverse events monitoring and reporting information system should be further improved. Many initiatives should be taken to improve level of nursing report of adverse events, and thus effectively protect patient safety.

Being the main equipment of mobile nursing information system, PDA plays a significant role in nursing practice.This article reviewed the current researches of PDA application in nursing practice and made a summary, so as to provide some useful information for the future development.

The paper summarized the importance of hand hygiene adherence of ICU patients' families and families' cognitive status of hand hygiene, and analyzed the correlated factors of poor adherence of hand hygiene in ICU patients' families.In addition, intervention to improve hand hygiene adherence were summarized, which in hope of more attention to hand hygiene and cut-off dissemination way to reduce the infection rate and relieve patients' distress.

Objective: To investigate the status and influencing factors of nurses' high-alert medications knowledge level.Methods: Totally 152 nurses were selected through convenient sampling. Their demographic data, knowledge related to high-alert medications, and training status about high-alert medications were investigated. The non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influence factors of knowledge level related to high-alert medications. Results: Nurses' average score of high alert medication knowledge was 11.74±2.12. Major influencing factors for their knowledge level included professional title,access to knowledge, training status, and willingness to participate in training. Conclusion: The nurses with higher professional titles have the better knowledge about high-alert medications. Medical institutions should enhance standardized regulations and training to improve nurses' knowledge level of high-alert medications.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between coping style and quality of life in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. Methods: Totally 400 papillary thyroid cancer patients in our hospital participated in the study from May 2012 to December, 2014. Questionnaires were used to collect the patient's general information. We also explored the coping style and quality of life and analyzed their correlations. Results: The total score for quality of life in 400 patients were 70.18±13.49 points including physical dimension, 19.54±5.44; social/family dimension, 18.82±3.43, affective dimension, 17.10±4.66; and functional dimension, 14.77±5.62. The total score for coping style were 44.48±5.86 points, namely, confrontation dimension, 19.55±3.83;avoidance dimension, 16.33±2.79; and surrender dimension, 8.61±2.76. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status, place of residence, tumor stage, coping style were the independent risk factors influencing the quality of life for thyroid papillary carcinoma patients (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the confrontation dimension were negatively correlated with physical dimension, and were positively correlated with social/family and functional dimensions (P<0.05).Conclusion: Papillary thyroid carcinoma can affect the patients' coping style and quality of life, and positive coping style may improve the quality of life of the patients.

Objective: To explore the effect of Training of Trainers(TOT) to the quality of intravenous therapy. Methods: We used TOT training model in the intravenous therapy management. The evaluation indexes were the related theoretical knowledge and skills examination pass rates and comprehensive management ability before and after TOT training. Results: Theoretical examination pass rate of intravenous trainer after training increased from 70.3% to 92.9%. The skill examination pass rate increased from 90.8% to 98.9%. The first time success rate of venous puncture was improved from 95.9% to 97.9%. The scalp steel utilization rate fell from 57.3% to 49.2%. The Peripheral venous short catheter utilization rate increased from 36.0% to 42.5%. The PICC utilization rate increase from 4.1% to 5.2%. The venous complications dropped from 12.2% to 6.3% after the training. All the above index differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: TOT training model could cultivate excellent intravenous therapy trainers for the hospital and improve the intravenous therapy level of the whole hospital.

In the process of implementing Detailed Rules of High Quality Nursing Service Evaluation (2014 Edition) and carrying out the work of self-examination and peer review, we found some common problems in the whole hospital, such as incomplete documentation, not in place emergency preplan and the rehearsal, lacking continuous improvement of extended nursing, and inconsistent nurses' hierarchical evaluation with post promotion execution, etc. Through the interpretations and the training of Detailed Rules of High Quality Nursing Service Evaluation (2014 Edition), we put forward the specific performance requirements and the examination points according to the rules with problems and helped the head nurses understand and carry out the evaluation criteria exactly. These practices got the high recognition of the head nurses, improved the nursing management and the nursing quality at the same time.

Objective: To summarize the home-based care experiences for patients with disability, and explore working mode of the home care program. Methods: The authors provided home care for 15 patients with disability and analyzed the effects. Results: The care ability of family caregiver improved, and their mental pressure decreased obviously. All of them were satisfied with this service. Conclusion: Patients' travel back and forth hospital can be effectively avoided through home care.Moreover, patients' self care ability increased, and the occurrence and development of complications decreased after home care.

Indwelling needle catheter blockage is an important reason of failing to achieve the effective duration of the indwelling needle. Our department established a quality team and carried out the key-link interventions from four key aspects,including the catheter function evaluation, flushing and sealing catheter time and method, fixed clamping position and method,and health education. The incidence rate of indwelling needle catheter blockage after intervention decreased significantly from 48.5% to 19.1% (P<0.001). Strengthening the key-link intervention could reduce the incidence rate of indwelling needle catheter blocking and guarantee a continuous improvement of the nursing quality.

In order to improve the emergency operation cooperation quality in large hospital and ensure the operation safety, we organized the related experts to complile the electronic operation cooperation information booklets in our hospital according to the actual situation and informationization development trend of emergency operation room. We investigaed the doctor and nurses’ satisfaction, charging accuracy, the mean preparing operation time, and the preparing operative materials rates of reaching the standard,through questionnaires and follow-up before and after the application of electronic operation cooperation information booklet. The results showed that the application of electronic operation cooperation information booklet could significantly improve the emergency operation cooperation quality and the satisfactions of doctors and nurses. This would be a very good reference for other hospitals.

Objective: To explore the effects of early postoperative activity plan in early postoperative ambulation of patients with endoscopic common bile duct surgery. Methods: Totally 185 cases of patients after laparoscopic common bile duct operation were selected in this study. They were divided into two groups, the observational group (93 cases) and the control group (92 cases). Patients in the control group received usual care, while patients in observational group got strictly planned care based on the early postoperative activity plan. Time for the first ambulation, postoperative exhausts time,hospitalization days, incidence of DVT and pulmonary infection, and patients' satisfaction were collected and analyzed. Results: Time for the first ambulation in the study group was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05). Postoperative exhausts time, hospitalization days, incidence of DVT and pulmonary infection, and patients' satisfaction were better in the study group than those in the control group (P<0.05).The rates of pain complaints, worry about wound dehiscence, unexpected extubation, and mental problems were less than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Early postoperative activity plan can encourage early postoperative ambulation in patients with endoscopic CBD surgery, and then promote postoperative exhaust, shorten hospital stay, reduce postoperative complications, and improve patients' satisfaction.

Objective: To explore the effect of partner education for success rate of breast feeding. Methods:Breastfeeding peer educators was recruited and given professional training to become educator. Totally 118 women were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Partner educators were assigned to the observation group after discharge. Community nurses follow both groups regularly, and evaluate breastfeeding knowledge, skills and duration of exclusive breastfeeding.Results: The score of the observation group (84.12±7.24) was significantly higher than the control group's (69.59±17.18) (P<0.001).The duration of exclusive breastfeeding of the observation group was (142.44±34.57) days, which was significantly more than the control group's (97.86±21.83) (P<0.001). The rate of pure breast feeding of the observation group (63.16%) was significantly higher than the control group's (34.43%) (P<0.001). Conclusion: Partner education can provide continuity of maternal care after discharge , increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding significantly.

Objective: To summerize the clinical nursing skills of diabetes rheumatism arthralgia in TCM nursing scheme,and to provide references for further optimizing TCM nursing scheme. Methods: Totally 87 patients with diabetes rheumatism arthralgia were recuited and used appropriate nursing skills of TCM nursing scheme. We investigated the patients’ satisfaction and compliance and the cost and time duration of each TCM nursing skill. Results: About 58.6% patients used over 3 TCM nursing skills. All the patiens felt their symptoms relieved. Most patients had good compliance with the TCM nursing skills and satisfied with the skills. The mean cost of TCM nursing skill was (9.60±6.35) yuan and the mean time duration was (11.90±5.37)min. Conclusion: TCM nursing scheme could promote the TCM nursing skills to be used in clinic, but we should set up scientific evaluation standards and get more financial support.

This paper analyzed the reasons why the nurses' professional identity is not high, especially with the role of social publicity, analyzed of the current shortage of nursing social publicity and negative effects on nurses' occupation identity.Countermeasures how to strengthen the nursing of social publicity from the aspects of depth, breadth, connotation and means etc., to promote social care industry and nurses understand and respect, in order to enhance nurses' professional identity.

Nurses' psychological empowerment plays an important role on nurses themselves, organization and patient's outcomes. It has caused nursing scholars wide concern in recent years. In order to provide references for further research, this paper summarized the connotation, model, measurement, influencing factors, and effects of psychological empowerment.

The Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) training and certification is developing rapidly in China since the training and certification of CNS in Intensive Care Unit were firstly initiated in Beijing by Chinese Nursing Association in 2002. In this review, the author summarized the value of CNS certification from three aspects, including patients, nurses and employers, after reading lots of international references. The Chinese researchers could use the study methods and instruments to carry out studies in this field, multidimensional demonstrate the value of CNS certification to hospitals, society and government, and promote the development of specialty nursing.

Several guidelines have recommended arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as the first choice of blood access for maintenance hemodialysis patients. It is the fact that many patients suffered from the repeated cannulation pain. The cannulation pain could even influence patients' choice on blood access and dialysis modality. Cannulation pain management is very important in hemodialysis patients with AVF. In this review, the authors summarized the features, adverse effects and related factors of AVF cannulation pain, as well as the interventions to improve the management of AVF cannulation pain, and then the authors pointed out the possible future researches in this field.

Nutrition status is one of the important factors that affect the growth and development of premature infants.The successful oral feeding is one of the key indicators for premature infants to discharge from the hospital smoothly. Therefore,the intervention with maternal sound stimulation(MSS) is introduced in this paper based on reviewing the domestic and abroad related literature , and we are further summarized for the research progress and effect of the main intervention measures of promoting the oral feeding in premature infants, in order to provide references for future research and clinical applications.