Abstract: Several guidelines have recommended arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as the first choice of blood access for maintenance hemodialysis patients. It is the fact that many patients suffered from the repeated cannulation pain. The cannulation pain could even influence patients' choice on blood access and dialysis modality. Cannulation pain management is very important in hemodialysis patients with AVF. In this review, the authors summarized the features, adverse effects and related factors of AVF cannulation pain, as well as the interventions to improve the management of AVF cannulation pain, and then the authors pointed out the possible future researches in this field.