The nurse standardized training is the "cradle project" for the nursing talents training and plays an important role in strengthening the construction of nursing personnel in China and improving the quality of nursing service. Beijing municipal hospitals timely initiated the experimental work of nurse standardized training, gradually improved the nurse education system after graduation, and explored the establishment of standardized training system focusing on post demand and competency. This paper introduces the standardized training system focuing on the cultivation of clinical thinking mode and improving nursing practice ability, analyzes the current status of system construction and hospital practice, lays the foundation for establishing nurse standardized training system according to clinical needs and forming a long-term mechanism for nurses training.

The standardized resident training system and mode has been deepened in the scope of our country, but nurse standardized training system has not yet been established. In order to ensure the standarzation and systematicness of nurse training after graduation, we should learn from the expericence of the standardized resident training in our country and establish nurse standardized training after graduation and management system based on full integration of the strengths from health administration institutions, hospitals, and nursing colleges.

Development and implementation of Symptom Nursing is the key point of protecting the standardization training quality of nurses after graduation. In this article, we comprehensively introduced the experience of active exploration and practice about the standardization theoretical training of nurses after graduation from the analysis and investigation before course development, course position, course goal, course framework, textbook characteristic, and course practice and effects.

Nurse standardized training is an important part in the nursing staff cultivation , so the managers at all level pay more attention to the training. This article analyzes and discusses the potential challenges of nurse standardized training in our hospital, the possible solutions, and the implementing effects. We proposes the key factors of pushing on nurse standardized training: promoting the training system and procedure, transforming the cognitive level of nursing managers , improving the teaching level of clinical teachers, and strengthening the process management.

Objective: To explore the effect of the nurse standardized training in Beijing municipal hospitals, and to provide evidence for the revision of this program. Methods: Cluster sampling was used to recruit all the nurses who started their career in 2013 in 4 tertiary first grade general hospitals in Beijing. These nurses received a one-year standardized training. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the effect of the training program before and after the intervention. Results: After the one-year standardized training, the mean score of core competence was improved from 77.97±11.27 to 80.89±11.42, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).No significant difference were found in the subgroup of nurses with secondary school degree and with junior college degree. The subgroup of nurses with bachelor degree showed an improved scores of core competence (P<0.05). Conclusion: Standardized training has a positive effect on improving the core competence of nurses, but it needs a long period of time to show the effect.

Objective: To investigate the current status of disability acceptance and alexithymia among patients with permanent colostomy, and to explore the effect of alexithymia on disability acceptance. Methods: Totally 222 patients with permanent colostomy were recruited and investigated by the Acceptance of Disability Scale and the Toronto alexithymia Scale. Results: The mean scores of disability acceptance and alexithymia were (180.45±33.25) and (2.99±0.79), respectively.The affective disorder of recognition, affective disorder of description, extroverted thinking and the total score of alexithymia were significantly negatively correlated with the each dimension and total score of disability acceptance (P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the affective disorder of recognition, affective disorder of description and extroverted thinking were the influencing factors of the disability acceptance among patients with permanent colostomy (P<0.05). Conclusions: The level of disability acceptance was in the medium level among permanent colostomy patients and alexithymia was its influencing factor. The nursing staff could take effective measures to intervene exithymia and to improve the level of disability acceptance among permanent colostomy patients.

Objective: To explore postoperative catheterization time, removal of the catheter, first voiding after catheter removal and the influence factors in patients with spinal surgery. Methods: Using convenience sampling method, 124 spinal fracture surgery patients were selected from May 2010 to May 2014 for medical record review. Their demographic data, medical advice and nursing care items were collected, and then patients' first urination and influence factors were analyzed. Results:Seventy four cases (59.7%) patients urinated successfully after catheter removal before they left hospital; the average first voiding time was (5.28±1.96)h. Five factors, including emotional status, ADL score, catheterization time, age and first urine output with,could explain 57.8% variation of the postoperative first voiding time after urinary catheter removal. Conclusion: Postoperative spinal fractures patients with higher ADL score (worse self-care ability), anxiety, older, longer catheterization and less first urine output, may suffer longer first voiding time after catheter removal.

Objective: To explore the feasibility and applicability of Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) in predicting prognosis of emergency potential critical patients. Methods: The data of 670 outpatient patients were recorded and scored with MEWS between February and March, 2014, and all patients' prognosis (survival, death) were followed up. The correlation of MEWS score and patients prognosis were statistically analyzed. The MEWS scores of survival and death patients were compared as well as area under of ROC curve of MEWS in these indexes. Results: MEWS had a positive correlation with the patient prognosis, the correlation coefficient was 0.47, and P<0.05. When the death as the predictive index, the best cut-off of MEWS grade was 7, sensitivity 94%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value 58%, negative predictive value 99%, the area under the ROC curve: Az = 0.947 (95% CI: 0.911, 0.983).Conclusion: MEWS have high predictive value of patients' prognosis, and have ability to estimate the severity of the emergency patients. MEWS is suitable for the emergency patients because its grading operation is simple and quick, low cost, and fast dynamic assessment of patient's condition.

Objective: To explore the effect of Psychological Reward Satisfaction on positivity ratio among nurses.Methods: Totally 566 nurses were recruited and interviewed by the Chinese version of Psychological Reward Satisfaction Scale and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale. Results: The psychological reward satisfaction from the head nurses (14.53±2.09) was significantly higher than that from the doctor (13.12±1.89) (P<0.01). The scores of positive affect, negative affect and the positivity ratio were (24.96±5.43), (23.35±6.69), and (1.25±0.46), respectively. The score of Psychological Reward Satisfaction was positively correlated to the positive affect and the positivity ratio (P<0.05), and negatively correlated to the negative affect (P<0.05).Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the employment style, position titles and the Psychological Reward Satisfaction were predictors of positivity ratio among nurses. Conclusions: The Psychological Reward Satisfaction and the positivity ratio were in the low level among nurses. We should improve the positivity ratio among nurses by enhancing their Psychological Reward Satisfaction.

Objective: To investigate the level and influencing factors of female sexual function in the patients with cervical caner. Methods: Totally 215 patients with cervical caner were investigated with a demographic questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Results: The score of FSFI was 20.65±4.77. Multiple regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of female sexual function were radiation therapy, patients' occupation, tumor stage and residence which explained 21.7% variation in the female sexual function . Conclusion:The sexual function of patients with cervical caner were at the female sexual disfunction levels. Nursing staff should take action to improve the patients' female sexual function and quality of life.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of high fidelity human patient simulation in emergency nursing education.Methods: RCT and quasi-RCT were systematically reviewed in multiple electronic databases. Meta-analysis and qualitative description were adopted. Weighted mean differences for continuous data were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Results:A total of ten trials were included. The results of systematic review showed that the intervention improved students' theoretic knowledge and practical skills (P<0.05), but the effect of intervention on students self-confidence was still uncertain.Conclusion:The use of high fidelity human patient simulation in emergency nursing education can significantly improve students' theoretic knowledge and practical skills while its effect on self-confidence is still not sure. However, the results need to be verified in future with more multicenter large-scale and high quality researches.

Objective: To explore the experience of the mothers of EV71 type of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) children complicated with encephalitis. Methods: Eighteen mothers of EV71 type of HFMD children complicated with encephalitis participated in half-structured interviews regarding their experience of care-giving. The data were collected by method of phenomenological analysis. Results: Three themes, named heavy psychological burden, heavy economic burden and lack of related knowledge of disease, were extracted by using Co1aizzi research method. Conclusion: Understanding the caring feelings of mothers of children with EV71 HFMD complicated with encephalitis could help nurses provide professional care education and psychological counseling, and promote mothers' physical and mental health and children's recovery.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of group reminiscence on geriatric depression patients.Methods:Published and unpublished RCT and quasi-RCT that assessed the effects of group reminiscence for geriatric depression patients were systematically reviewed using multiple electronic databases. Relative risks for dichotomous data and a weighted mean difference for continuous data were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of ten trials were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed: Compared with the control group, the intervention of group reminiscence could significantly relive the symptoms of depression at the end of the invention and three months after the invention (P<0.01), but the advantage disappeared six months after the invention (P=0.14). The intervention of group reminiscence could significantly improve selfesteem and life satisfaction (P<0.01). Conclusion: Group reminiscence is associated with short-term effects of depression relief among geriatric depression patients and the intervention of group reminiscence is more effective in improving self-esteem and life satisfaction. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials of higher quality are needed to confirm this.

In order to establish an effective transitional care mode, the transitional care center was established in September 2012. Accordingly, a series of working systems and management practice were developed, full-time and part-time nursing positions were established, and electronic patient file management, telephone follow-up and warm SMS tips, home of specialist services,health lectures, and other methods were carried out to run extended care. Within one year, more than 1200 electronic patient files were built, over 3000 telephone cares follow-up for discharged patients and 32 times health lectures were carried out, and more than 120 cases received home visit services. The work of transitional care center ensured the continuity of patient rehabilitation , and improved patients' satisfaction and self-management skills.

Through literature review and analysis, this paper discussed the development of hospital-community-family health care mode for tumor patients both at home and abroad. And then problems and challenges in China were put forward, so as to provide reference for tumor nursing development and promote the development of specialized nursing in China.

Objective: To explore the influence of individualized health education on self-management behavior and glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes who had built archives in diabetes clinic were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=40) and the control group (n=40). Normal nursing interventions were given to the two groups, meanwhile the individualized health education was given to the intervention group. Self-management behavior,fasting blood-glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were used to assess the effect of health education in two groups. Result: Ten months after intervention, the scores of the intervention group on self-management behavior were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The scores of the intervention of fasting blood-glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin were lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The individualized health education can improve the self-management behavior,glycemic control and the quality of life amog patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To explore the impact of case management nursing model on the quality of life,insight and treatment attitudes of schizophrenics. Methods: This study involved 55 schizophrenics in the beginning and 8 of which broke off in the middle. The case management nursing model was implemented on the aforesaid group and further elongated towards the living community. Schizophrenics were investigated with Schizophrenics Quality of Life Questionnaire (SQLS) and Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ) at four different time spot, namely admission, discharge, 6 months after discharge and 12 months after discharge to examine the patients' quality of life and insight and treatment attitudes. Results: After intervention, the quality of life and insight and treatment attitudes of the patients were all improved (P<0.01) , while that of 6 months and 12 months after discharge have been decreased in different levels, especially in 12 months after discharge. Conclusion: The case management nursing model can effectively improve the quality of life, insight and treatment attitudes of the patients. The implementation of case management nursing model during hospital stay shows significant effects.

Objective: To explore the effect of home visit on treatment compliance in community hypertensive patients.Methods: Totally 130 eligible community hypertensive patients were divided into two groups randomly as the control group (n=65) and intervention group (n=65), respectively. The intervention group accepted home visit based on Omaha system, while the control group only was provided regularly community care. Their treatment compliance and physiological indicators were collected and compared before and after intervention. Results: The intervention group had better treatment compliance as compared with control group after the intervention, including follow doctor's order, medication compliance and daily management (P<0.05). Patients in intervention group also had lower systolic pressure than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nursing home visit program was helpful for improving patients' treatment compliance and blood pressure control.

With enrollment expansion of postgraduate nursing students in recent years, the traditional single tutorial system cannot meet the demand of the cultivation of graduate students and restricts the improvement of training quality. While the tutor group model can effectively solve the shortcomings of the single tutorial system. In this research, a tutor team and a student team were set up. They carried out research reports regularly, modified papers collectively, and invited cross-disciplinary experts to give lectures and etc. It effectively improved the quality of graduate students' education, the teachers' academic level and their ability to guide graduate students. Meanwhile, a collaborative relationship was built between teachers and students. So, tutor group model based on team learning could improve education quality of postgraduate students effectively.

Objective: To explore the nursing professional master degree curriculum construction based on the core capacity.Methods: Guided by competency based education and results of literature review and expert interview, we designed a draft questionnaire. Twenty-eight experts were investigated by the two-round Delphi method by mails. Results: After two-round consultation, the experts constructed seven core capacity and 29 related courses. The expert authority coefficient and Kendall's W coefficient were 0.553 and 0.617, respectively. Conclusion: Professional degree graduate nursing curriculum should be constructed based on core capacity and career development.

Objective: To investigate the training needs of specialist nurses of assisted reproductive technology (ART), and to provide feasible suggestion for the ART nurse training. Methods: We recruited and investigated 121 nurses from five ART centers in Hunan province which had the license from the National Health and Family Planning Commission. Results: Totally 116 (95.87%) of nurses regarded that the training of ART knowledge and related information was very important. Conclusions: The specialized knowledge of specialist nurses in ART should be greatly improved, and the managers should establish targeted training system to cultivate the nurses through various and focused ways.

Objective: To explore the effect and experience of post setting and management practice of full time night shift.Methods: From 2012 June, 4 wards in Department of Thoracic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery and orthopedics were piloted full time night shift position in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Nursing service satisfaction and quality of care of night shift were compared before and after the practice of full time night shift. Results: After the practice, nursing service satisfaction and job satisfaction of nurses were significantly promoted (P<0.05), quality of care of night shift was promoted. Conclusion: Based on the fundamentals of position management, the management practice of full time night shift position can improve nurse management efficiency and nursing service satisfaction, and promote further development of the holistic nursing,which deserved to being generalized.

Objective: To explore the effects of specialist nursing group on prevent falls in inpatients. Methods: A specialist nursing group leaded by geriatric specialist nursing team was set up to manage inpatients' falls. They established and implemented the working system about how to prevent inpatients' falls. A direct network report system to record the adverse events was set up.The group members would visit the department which report the adverse event within 24 hours, then help them to conduct root causes analysis and make out the action plan. The group members also chose some typical cases to share the experience in hospital meeting quarterly. Results: The risk assessment of falls by clinical nurses was more accurate than before. Conclusion: The specialist nursing team responsible for the adverse events was useful to help clinical nurses preventing the inpatients' falls effectively. It was also benefit to continuously improve the hospital management level of preventing falls.

Objective: To explore the application effects of total process management in prevention of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) in elderly patients. Methods: The total process management was performed by setting up the process managing group, formulating the management standards of pressure ulcer by standardizing, optimizing and reengineering process, and grasping some key points and problems in the operating process. The prevention effects of HAPU in elderly patients were compared before and after the implementation of total process management. Results: After one year's clinical practice, the incidence rate of HAPU in elderly patients was reduced form 0.28% to 0.16%; the incidence rate of inevitable HAPU was reduced from 8.4% to 6.2%, the differences were significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: The implement of total process management make a procedural, standard and scientific management for pressure ulcer, decrease the incidence rate of HAPU in elderly patients, and improve the nursing quality of pressure ulcers prevention in elderly patients.

Objective: To explore the baseline data of inpatients' pressure ulcers prevalence in Hubei province. Method: A cross-sectional survey was delivered to get the inpatients' pressure ulcers prevalence in 26 general hospitals in Hubei province.Results: A total of 23 443 people were recruited and 299 patients acquired pressure ulcers with the prevalence of 1.28%. Among them, 62 cases were nosocomial pressure ulcers with hospital-acquired pressure ulcer prevalence 0.26%. The pressure ulcer prevalence was 0.91% excluding phase I cases. Conclusion: It is the first time for us to get baseline data of inpatients' pressure ulcers prevalence in Hubei province.

In order to improve the quality of hospital care, nursing administrators have carried out active exploration in the aspects of nursing quality evaluation standard and evaluation methods, and have attained some achievements. However, there is no uniform nursing quality standard and assessment content. This paper summarized the research status on nursing quality evaluation standard, evaluation method, result judgment, and continuous quality improvement in order to promote overall nursing quality evaluation system research and to provide references for the nursing quality evaluation and management.

Objective: To decrease high return-cleaning rates of first-time cleaning of equipments in Central Supply Service Department (CSSD) through Quality Control Circle activities, to improve work efficiency, and to reduce costs. Methods:We established quality control circle team to investigate current situation, to analyze root-causes, to set goals, to formulate corresponding measures, to organize the implementation, to evaluate results, and to draw up standard cleaning flow. Results:The return-cleaning rate of first time cleaning was decreased from 14.87% to 4.97% for Obstetrics and Gynecology's equipment in CSSD and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Quality Control Circle activities could not only reduce the rates of return-cleaning rate of first-time cleaning of equipments but also reduce cost, improve working efficiency, and improve the nursing staffs' quality control and initiative problem-solving consciousness.

This paper summarizes the research status quo of risk factors and prevention of PICC related bloodstream infection. The aim is to provide guidance for the effective prevention and treatment for clients in order to decrease the rate of PICC related bloodstream infection.

Objective: To investigate cognition of primary caregivers of patients with severe mental disorder towards violent behaviors of these patients. Method: A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 208 mental patients' primary caregivers from one psychiatry hospital in Beijing. Result: The incidence rate of violent behaviors to primary caregivers outside of the hospital was 74.04%. Their cognition towards violent behaviors of patients with severe mental disorder was deficient especially about how to deal with the sign of violent behaviors and the relative skills. 46.15% of caregivers did not understand the manifestation of violent behaviors and 68.75% of caregivers did not understand the skills to deal with violent behaviors, towards violent acts 39.42% of the primary caregivers felt ashamed to seek help when they were attacked by patients and another 42.79% of the primary caregivers believed violent acts were inevitable and held negative attitudes. Conclusion: Primary caregivers suffer a high incidence rate of violent attacks and hold negative attitudes and low cognition towards violent behaviors.Reasonable nursing interventions should be made in hospitals and communities and health education should be provided for caregivers to reduce violent attacks.

Objective: To investigate the awareness of mother-to-child transmission knowledge of syphilis in pregnant women and to provide references for prevention and control of mother-to-child transmission of syphilis among pregnant women.Methods: Totally 1274 pregnant women were recruited and investigated by a questionnaire about the awareness of mother-tochild transmission knowledge of syphilis. The participants consisted of 3 groups of pregnant women, including urban residents,rural residents, and transient population. Results: The overall awareness rate of syphilis prevention knowledge was 56.91%.The highest awareness rate of 72.72% was found in urban group, followed by 51.35% in rural group and 44.44% in transientpopulation. The three groups of pregnant women accessed to the knowledge mainly via radio, television, newspapers, books and the network. Conclusion: Among pregnant women, the knowledge related to mother-to-child transmission of syphilis is poor. We should take effective measures to prevent and control congenital syphilis by improving health care service quality before marriage and pregnancy and improving the clear understanding of syphilis knowledge among pregnant women.

We established throat tumor swallowing training method, respiratory tract humidifying maintenance method,language communication method, family tracheostomy dressing change and endotracheal tube disinfection care method,prevention methods for pipeline blockage and dropping off after discharge, and follow-up and family care mode. These measures could improve patients' mastery of disease knowledge and training method, self-care ability, attitude and behavior of receiving follow-up during hospitalization and after discharge, and patients' quality of life and satisfaction.

Respiratory tract management sheet for patients with anterior cervical operation was designed and applied in order to reduce respiratory complications and improve the success rate of surgery. Based on literature review and analysis of the previous cases of respiratory complications, the influencing factors that may lead to respiratory problems were summarized, and then respiratory tract management sheet for patients with anterior cervical operation was designed and applied. The respiratory tract sheet could standardize specific surgical nursing, improve nursing satisfaction and reducing the occurrence of postoperative respiratory complications. Therefore, it could ensure the safety of patients and improve nursing care quality.

Objective: To explore the clinical internship management methods for nurses' re-application for registration and to provide reference for the administration of nurses' registration. Methods: We established management regulations and internship programs according to the policy of Beijing Municipal Health Bureau about nurses' re-application for registration training program. We taught the re-application nurses individualizedly based on their different conditions. Results: Totally 18 nurses studied in our hospital for internship from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2013. Except the one who could not insist on full-time internship and terminated, all the remaining 17 nurses passed the examination and obtained the high praise from teachers.Conclusion: It is very important to train the re-application nurses individualizedly in clinical internship management to promote nurses' admittance qualification, to maintain professional quality of nursing staff, and to ensure nursing safety.

Objective: To reduce waiting time for CRRT by process improvement, ensure the quality and safety of medical care. Methods: Activities are implemented in accordance with steps of data collecting, analysis of proximal cause, intervention measures and so on. Results: Not only time of waiting for CRRT is reduced by 22.6 minutes after implement, but value efficiency rises from 28.57% to 36.37%, process efficiency rises form 27.66% to 41.40%. Conclusion: After the improvement, the value and process efficiency is largely increased, and problems are solved quickly in short activity cycle.

During the 3-year study and work period, the author had a deep understanding about the condition of nursing clinical practice in Australia, including practice model, time, and teaching method. All of these were totally different from ours.Then the author summarized some points which we could learn from and use for reference.

The authors reviewed a series of issues in current specialist nurses training management in China and brought up some relevant countermeasures, so as to improve management level on specialist nurses training in China.

In order to explore the research status on family caregiver burden scale for cancer patients, this paper analyzed several kinds of family caregiver burden scale which were widely used in this area since 2000. These scales included Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview(ZBI), Caregiver Strain Index, (CSI), Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA), Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI). We should use a mixed method including qualitative and quantitative approaches to develop a caregiver burden scale for cancer patients in Chinese cultural context.

With the arrival of the aging society, Alzheimer's disease is becoming increasingly prominent and taking care of these patients has become an important social responsibility. At present, most,Alzheimer's disease patients were looked after by their family members whose psychological problems has become a major healthcare issue and affects not only their own physical and mental health but also the health of Alzheimer's disease patients. Therefore, resolving the psychological problems of family members of Alzheimer's disease patients is imperative. This paper summarized the current research in China and aboard of psychological intervention among family members of Alzheimer's disease patients in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for people to resolve the psychological problems of family members of Alzheimer's disease patients.

This article introduced the quality of life of peritoneal dialysis patients. It also described factors influencing their quality of life from five aspects, social demographic characteristics, comorbidity management, dialysis methods, and social support.It could provide clinical nursing staff a theoretical basis for improving the quality of life of peritoneal dialysis patients.