Based upon keynote presented at National Magnet Conference, Dallas, Texas, USA, October 9, 2014, this manuscript explores a leadership path for nurses as global leaders in service to our world. This new form of leadership is guided by core values of caring, compassion, and love. It incloud negativa, positive, creativa and transformativa.

Shared governance is a model of nursing practice designed to integrate core values and beliefs that professional practice embraces, as a means of achieving quality care. This paper illustrates the application of shared governance models in United States based on the following perspectives: the definition and background, the importance on magnet hospital along with types and steps of shared governance models. The ultimate purpose is to elicit a positive impact on nursing management in China.

Though short of nursing personnel,magnet hospital can attract nurses, reduce the rate of dimission, own high quality nursing staffs and provide good nursing service. The quality of nursing leadership is one of the 14 magnet hospital characteristics. By understanding nursing leadership, the impact of nursing leadership and the cultivation of nursing leadership in American magnet hospitals, the author ponder on the current situation of Chinese nursing leadership and put forward his advice.

Objective: To analysis the features of the articles published in "Chinese Nursing Management" from 2009 to 2013 and the implications for management of nursing. Methods: The articles published in "Chinese Nursing Management" from 2009 to 2013 were analyzed by using CiteSpace II from the aspects of organizations, authors and keywords. Results: The journal had its own core team of authors. Keywords showed the characteristics of the journal and revealed the hot spots. Conclusion: Nursing management research needs for further cooperation; methods of management become more scientific; and the management directions present diversification.

Objective: To investigate the highly-recognized job evaluation elements among nurses from general hospitals in an attempt to establish a nurse-related job evaluation element system for general hospitals followed with reliability and validity analyses. Methods: 710 nurses from six general hospitals in Beijing were selected by stratified random sampling for the questionnaire. Evaluation dimensions were obtained by the element analysis and elements were defined through Varimax.A reliability analysis by calculating Cronbach's α coefficient and a validity analysis with structural equation modeling were sequentially conducted on the system. Results: Three elements were extracted as evaluation dimensions and 23 elements were retained, upon which the nurse-related job evaluation element system for general hospitals were established. The internal consistency of the dimensions was high based on the calculation of Cronbach's α ; with related coefficients all above 0.8.Conclusion: A nurse-oriented job evaluation element system for general hospitals was established with a reasonable reliability and validity. The system might reveal the characteristics of nursing positions more pertinently and thus provide reference for the second distribution among nurses in general hospitals.

Objectives: To investigate the current state of nurse's self-efficacy and job involvement, to explore the relationship between them, and to provide reference for improving management efficiency among head nurses. Methods: Totally 368 nurses in two tertiary Grade A hospitals in Sichuan province were recruited randomly and investigated by questionnaires. Results: The mean score of nurses' self-efficacy is (83.51±11.62). The nurses showed a high level of job involvement (57.54±9.78). The nurses' self-efficacy has positively predictive impact on nurses' job involvement. Conclusion: Nursing managers should take effective measures to improve nurse's self-efficacy, to maximize nurses' job involvement, to reduce job burnout, and to enhance the core competence of the hospital.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between subjective well-being and job burnout among clinical nurses,and the role of empathy. Methods: A convenience sample of 231 registered nurses was investigated with demographic data, Index of well-being, Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: The average score of well-being was 11.54±1.97. The average score of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment were 16.21±9.78,4.20±4.30 and 17.45±10.85. The average score of empathy was 53.33±9.41, and the moderate effect of empathy and its dimension were significant. Conclusion: The present data suggest that the level of empathy and its dimension of imagination, sympathy moderate the negative effects of job burnout on subjective well-being among clinical nurses, while personal suffering encourages the negative effects.

Objective: To investigate the effect of home nursing intervention for patients with total hip arthroplasty (THA) on life quality. Method: Totally 110 cases of THA were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. The control group was given routine predischarge health education, and intervention group received THA home nursing intervention in addition to the routine health education before discharge. Result: Harris hip score and quality of life were significantly improved in the intervention group after discharged for three months, six months and one year.Conclusion: Home nursing intervention of artificial hip replacement scheme can improve the life quality of patients with THA. It is valuable to advocate clinically.

Objective: To investigate current status of the workplace violence and nurse’s performance for goal attainment,and explore the effect of workplace violence on nurse’s performance for goal attainment. Method: Totally 544 nurses were questionnaired by the workplace violence scale. The level of nurse’s performance for goal attainment was compared between the violence group and the non-violence group, different violence form and different violence frequency groups. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the effect of workplace violence on nurse’s performance for goal attainment in nurses. Results: The incidence rate of workplace violence was 66.18%, and 75.28% nurses suffered psychological violence,18.06% suffered physical violence, 6.76% suffered sexual violence. The scores of nurse’s performance for goal attainment in violence group were significantly lower than that in the non-violence group (P<0.01); There was significant difference in the total score of nurse’s performance among the psychological violence group, physical violence group and sexual violence group (P<0.05);The scores of the total score of nurse’s performance for goal attainment were significantly lower in suffered once violence group were significant lower than that in the suffered twice or more violence group (P<0.01); Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the workplace violence, work experience and title were the influencing factors of nurse’s performance for goal attainment (P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence rate of workplace violence is high, and the nurses suffered workplace violence are in the low level of performance for goal attainment, and the more serious and frequent of working violence, the poorer level of nurse’s performance for goal attainment.

Objective: To construct nursing service frame for independent living and assisted living aged people in long-term care facilities. Methods: Delphi technique was used to construct index system of nursing service frame and minimum staffing qualification in long-term care facilities through a two-round expert consultation among 18 experts. Results: The effective response rates of two rounds' questionnaires were 75% and 100%, respectively. The experts’ authority, determination, and familiar coefficient were 0.874, 0.881, and 0.867. The compatibility of experts' opinion was statistically significant (P<0.01). After two rounds of consultation, the index system of nursing service frame in long-term care facilities was developed, including 3 types of service situation, namely independent living unit, assisted living unit and skilled nursing unit. In independent living unit,there were 2 first level items, 5 second level items and 18 third level items. In assisted living unit, there were 2 first level items,13 second level items and 45 third level items. Conclusion: The index system of nursing service frame and minimum staffing qualification in long-term care facilities are reliable and scientific, which can provide a basis for standardization of nursing service and nurse staffing allocation in long-term care facilities.

Objective: To investigate the present situation of irrational beliefs and the styles of handling interpersonal conflict in nurses, and explore the effect of irrational beliefs on the styles of handling interpersonal conflict. Methods: Totally 533 nurses were investigated with the Irrational Beliefs Scale (IBS) and the Styles of Handling Interpersonal Conflict Scale (SHICS). The Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were used to explore the influence of irrational beliefs on the styles of handling interpersonal conflict in nurses. Results: The average total score of IBS was 2.44±0.67, while the scores of different dimensions were as follows: low frustration tolerance 2.82±0.70, general comments 1.78±0.57, absolute requirements 2.66±0.73, respectively. The average scores of the dimensions in SHICS were integrating 3.46±0.55,avoiding 3.75±0.67, obliging 3.13±0.50, and dominating 3.02±0.44, respectively. The score of integrating was negatively correlated to the low frustration tolerance, general comments, absolute requirements and the total score of irrational beliefs (P<0.05). The scores of avoiding,obliging and dominating were positively correlated to the low frustration tolerance, general comments, absolute requirements and the total score of irrational beliefs (P<0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis shew that the low frustration tolerance,general comments, absolute requirements were the influencing factors of the styles of handling interpersonal conflict in nurses.Conclusion: The main forms of irrational beliefs and the styles of handling interpersonal conflict in nurses were low frustration tolerance and avoiding, the irrational beliefs was influencing factor of the styles of handling interpersonal conflict in nurses.

With the advent of information society and the popularity of the Internet, information technology has been increasingly applied in medical field. The purpose of this review is to introduce the application status of health information technology in chronic disease management in other countries, and prospect its application future in China.

Objective: To investigate the treatment compliance level of the elderly hypertensive patients in the countryside and its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for instituting specific intervention measures. Methods: One hundred and ninety elderly hypertensive patients in the countryside were selected and questionnaire including patient's general condition,therapeutic adherence scale for hypertensive patients (TASHP), antihypertensive therapy related attitudes and beliefs scale(ATRABS) were used. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Univariate χ2 test and multiple logistic regression model were used to analyze all kinds of key factors. Results: The score of the treatment compliance in the elderly hypertensive patients in the countryside was (85.16±9.40), 68.128% of total scores. The influencing factors of poor compliance including age,disease process and medication period and the attitudes and beliefs for antihypertensive therapy (P<0.05). Conclusion: The medical staff in rural community should provide health education and individual treatment choice for patients in order to improve their treatment adherence.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hospital-community-family-care model on pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Totally 40 patients were guided with acknowledge of pulmonary rehabilitation according to the hospital-community-family-care model, and were investigated with airways questionnaire 20 (AQ20-R) and pulmonary function index before and after intervention. Results: After applying the hospitalcommunity-family-care model, the pulmonary function and the quality of life were significantly improved than before (P<0.01).Conclusion: The pulmonary rehabilitation program based on hospital-community-family-care model can improve the quality of life and lung function index in patient with COPD.

Objective: To introduce the Oncology Specialized Nurse training mode and practice effects. Methods: Several aspects of Oncology Specialized Nurse training process, including trainee recruitment, teachers selection, curriculum offering,training outline, training methods and effects tracking, were all introduced and discussed in this paper. They also discussed the difficulty and improvement methods in the training. Results: They successfully hosted four times of Oncology Specialized Nurse training program. More than 200 Oncology Specialized Nurses from different level hospitals in Chongqing got trained. Their satisfaction rate was 98.96%. Conclusion: The Oncology Specialized Nurse training mode is feasible and effective.

Objective: To explore the teaching effect of experienced mode in the course of Nursing Humanities. Method:Choosing 2 classes' undergraduates of grade 2013 in nursing academy of a college who are divided into experimental group and control group by Cluster random sampling. In the course of teaching Nursing Introduction, the experimental group adopted the experience teaching mode and the control group took the traditional mode. After all the courses finished, we evaluate the teaching effect by the theoretical examination and questionnaire survey. Result: No statistically significant difference between experimental group and control group (P>0.05) in the score of theoretical examination through adopting different teaching mode;But the scores of the experimental group is obviously much higher than the control group in humanistic caring knowledge, ability and perception which is statistically significant (P<0.05). The students of experimental group show more positive in the learning attitude and effect. Conclusion: The experience teaching mode can improve students' ability in the field of humanities and active learning ability which is feasible and successful in the course of teaching Nursing Introduction. The practice is worth spreading in other professional courses related nursing.

Objective: To develop core knowledge on nosocomial infection training for nursing students before practice. Methods: Delphi method with two rounds consultation by 30 experts was used to establish nosocomial infection training core knowledge hierarchy. Results: The experts' positive coefficients of two rounds were 83.3% and 86.7% respectively. The experts authority coefficients were 0.90 and 0.91 respectively. The Kendall's W of two level indexes were 0.37 and 0.35 respectively. The core knowledge hierarchy on nosocomial infection training included 8 first grade indexes, 50 second grade indexes. Conclusion:The nosocomial infection prevention core knowledge hierarchy is reliable and valid to provide guidance and reference for the nursing students' training before practice.

Objective: To build better education environment for higher vocational nursing students. Methods: Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) was used to evaluate the vocational nursing education environment under two kinds of work-study combination. Results: The nursing students were satisfied with both education environments, and there were no significant differences between them. The nursing students showed the most satisfactory to two subscales, which included perceptions of learning and teachers. They felt moderately satisfactory with the other three subscales. There were no significant differences on three subscales, including teachers', environmental and social self-perceptions, but there were significant differences on the other two dimensions. The score of learning was higher in the school class environment, while the score of students' academic self-perceptions was higher in clinical class environment. Conclusion: The two kinds of education environment were both benefit for nursing students development, but each had its own merits, and they could profit from each other.

Objective: To investigate the anesthetists' comments on anesthesia nurses' job description and training program in tertiary hospitals of Guangdong province. Methods: The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 82 anesthetists who involved in nurse anesthetists training in Guangdong province. Their comments on training program of anesthesia nurses were collected and analyzed. Results: While 97.6% of them thought anesthesia recovery nursing was the most important aspect, 87.8% doctors believed that the knowledge and skill training related to anesthesia recovery was critical. Conclusion: It was important to provide standardized training for the anesthesia nurses. The standard training program should be implemented as soon as possible to meet the development needs of anesthesia nurses.

Objective: To establishthe key index system of nursing quality, to survey key index for estimating quality of nursing in tertiary Grade A hospitals in Anhui province. Through establishing the baseline, in order to implement scientific quality management. Methods: Through evidence and literature, a localized key index system was established and used as a tool to evaluate the quality of nursing. 33 tertiary Grade A hospitals participated the survey. Results: Looking at 2013 data reported from 33 hospitals, 2 hospitals wre excluded from the survey due to lack of data aughenticity for the zero reported pressure ulcer incidence. The rest of data shows: 1.71% of nursing turnover rate, 0.037% of medication errors, 0.09‰ of pressure ulcer, 0.14‰ of inpatient falls and 43.14% of inpatient falls with injury. Conclusion: The key index of nursing quality should be evaluated and collected at regular intervals in order to provide directions for hospital dynamic evaluation,thereby improving the overall quality of nursing.

Objective: To discuss the role of improving nursing management methods in enhancing the quality of care at outpatient prosthodontics department in tertiary Grade A stomatological hospital. Methods: Analyze the patterns and problems of previous nursing management for the purpose of improving the method of grouping quality control, including refining nursing quality management standards and contents, defining group leaders' responsibilities, launching training form two levels, and convert management concepts, implementing quality management in the whole process, motivating the leader's initiatives through incentive measures. Results: The quality control score of nursing department and physicians' satisfaction obviously increased with the improvement of nursing managements; and nurses were pleased and satisfied to the work of nursing quality management group. Conclusion: The quality of care can be improved through the forming of department nursing quality management group and constantly improving the ways of management.

Objective: To develop nursing adverse events' reporting content of hospital. Methods: The study included two phases. The first phase was to develop the category and definition of nursing adverse events that need reported through expert meeting. The second phase was to develop every nursing adverse event's reporting content by using the Delphi technique. Totally eight experts attended the meeting and fifteen experts conducted two rounds of consultation letter. Results: Nursing adverse events that need reported of hospital include pressure sore, fall/falling from bed, unplanned extubation, medication error and accident. Reporting content of these events in details had also been obtained. Conclusion: The reporting content of the nursing adverse event of hospital is established, and it is a basis for further study of the development of nursing adverse event reporting and feedback system.

Objective: To investigate the impact of implementing the transitional care model for children who transferred to a general ward from Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Methods: Eighty children who did not get transitional care in the former stage (from May, 2011 to May, 2012) were treated as control group, while the other 80 cases who received transitional care (from May, 2012 to May, 2013) were selected as observational group. The adverse event incidence, PICU return rate, their mental status,and satisfaction of children and their family members were collected and analyzed. Results: The adverse events incidence, PICU return rate, the percentage of anxiety and depression were all lower in observational group as compared with control group (P<0.05),while satisfaction score was higher in transitional care group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The transitional care model could maintain the continuous and effective nursing care after children transferred from PICU to general ward. It was useful to decrease the incidence of adverse events, PICU return rate, children's anxiety and depression occurrence rate. It could promote the rehabilitation of sick children and improve the care quality.

Objective: To construct the follow-up system at hospital and its department level in order to meet with the health requirement of outpatients, inpatients and discharged patients, keep lines of communication open and improve the quality of nursing continuously. Method: Based on the established of follow-up station at hospital level and at department level, the rules and procedures in each level were made out ,and a follow-up system with full range, multi sectional participation were constructed by an overall arrangement. Result: From Sep.2011 to Apr.2014 , more than 17,000 patients were effectively followed-up; and more than 1000 pieces of advice were collected. Conclusion: The follow-up system at hospital and its department level can regulate the follow-up work, improve service capacity further and help the hospital perform social responsibility and obligation better, and create a harmonious relationship between medical staff and patients.

This paper reviewed the development of information systems in drug safety management of elderly patients, and analyzed the effects and problems of pre-warning systems and terminal-communication systems in drug safety management of elderly patients, and pointed out trends in this field, so as to provide reference for nursing information construction in China.

Based on dynamic daily inpatient ward reporting system of the original HIS system, we established and applied the electronic information nursing quality monitoring system. This system could manage the clinical nursing quality index, assess the bedsore and fall risks prospectively, establish nursing adverse events reporting system, provide a platform for nursing quality monitoring, optimize the nursing management process, and improve the quality of nursing management.

The article introduces systematically the certification of Informatics Nurse in America, including the eligibility criteria, examination forms and content, certification institute, and continuing certification requirement in order to provide references for the further development of nursing informatics career and nursing informatics specialists.

Objective: To explore the practice of Family-Centered Care model on children's stoma nursing. Method: Nurses were trained by Family-Centered Care education and were divided into different groups to provide care for the patients with the doctors. Goals of family care were set and holistic nursing procedures and principles were established. Totally 52 children with stomas were cared using the Family-Centered Care model. Family members participated in the whole medical and nursing care process. Results: The capabilities of the 52 families were qualified. None of them returned to the hospital for treatment of complications during family care period. The results of the laboratory tests and examinations were normal and reached the criteria of the second surgeries. Conclusion: Family-Centered Care model on children's stoma nursing may increase the quality of life and sense of happiness of the children with stoma. It fits the health needs of Chinese families and the demand of current reform of the health system.

In order to strengthen the spread of four-handed technique in nationwide, our hospital launched the program of"four-handed technique training for out-patient nurses in Peking University Stomatology Hospital Peking University School of Stomatology fourhanded technique training program for out-patient clinic stomatologic nurses", we provided a series of regulated four-handed technique training to for 219 core nursing core memberses from our hospital and peer hospitals. All the participants passed the evaluation with the excellence rate reaching 81.3%. PDCA management theory was employed used to improve the training mode continually continuously and an increasingly mature training mode has been gradually established. This modewhich could has not only regulated the four-handed technique ofof out-patient clinic stomatologic nurses in our hospital,but also improved the spread of four-handed technique in nationwide and shortened the gap between China and the international level in four-handed technique.

Objective: To understand the current status of the layout of the building, equipment, cleaning, disinfection and management of the Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) in the secondary above hospitals of Xinjiang. Methods: The authors carried out a self-designed questionnaire survey about current situation of CSSD management in 104 secondary or above medical institutions of Xinjiang. Results: Among them, 50 CSSDs were centralized supply, 47 hospitals managed operation instruments in CSSD, and 19 hospitals managed oral apparatus in CSSD. There were separate buildings for CSSD in 51 hospitals.There were clearly differentiated areas in 65 hospitals, and buffer regionals in 62 institutions. Neither cross-contamination nor countercurrent was found in 82 hospitals. Totally 56 hospitals equipped with automatic washing machine, bandage or cotton rope were used for packing in 34 hospitals. Conclusion: There were several problems, including decentralized management,unreasonable building facilities, insufficient and simple equipment, in some CSSD of the secondary or above medical hospitals in Xinjiang. As a result, non-standard cleaning, disinfection and sterilization probably produced potential safety hazard to patients.

Objective: To investigate the cleanness of mobile phones in medical staff using ATP bioluminescence assay, and explore the effect of alcohol and wipes to clean and disinfect the cell phone. Methods: One hundred and eighty medical staffs were selected by stratified randomized sampling method. Their mobile phones' cleanliness was detected by ATP bioluminescence assay.After the detection, the investigator randomly cleaned 30 mobile phones with 75% alcohol, comparing the effect of disinfection after 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 20 minutes. They also randomly selected 60 mobile phones to compare the effect of cleaning and disinfection with general wipes and sanitary wipes. Results: The cleaning percentage of mobile phones of medical staffs was 5.56%.The ATP values of cell phones in special sections (such as Intensive Care Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, and Blood Purification Center) were significantly lower than that in department of surgical and medical (P<0.05). Hands washing before using the phones or protecting them with a disposable bag were better than the other cleaning methods (P<0.05). The phones which were cleaned by alcohol had the significantly lower ATP value than the others (P<0.05). The daily cleaned phones were much cleaner than the weekly cleaned ones (P<0.001). The onset time of alcohol disinfection was above 10 minutes, the ATP value of 10 minutes and 20 minutes after alcohol disinfection were (271.40±157.76) RLU and (344.30±147.79) RLU, respectively. The disinfection effect of Alcohol met the standard of cleanness (ATP<500RLU). The ATP value were (2129.90±1344.91) RLU and (444.75±228.47) RLU,respectively, after using general wipes or sanitary wipes to clean and disinfect the phones. The cleaning effect of sanitary wipes was better than general wipes (P<0.001), and close to the standard of cleanliness. Conclusion: The mobile phones of medical staff were seriously polluted. Some good health habits, including hands washing before touching the phones, daily cleaning the phones with alcohol or sanitary wipes, and using protective disposable bags, could keep the cleanness of cell phones and decrease the pathogen pollution.

The article reviewed the development process, education and training mechanisms, and organization structure of Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) and compared the contents of CTAS guidelines and its revisions.We found that CTAS had clear organizational structure and had been standardized, informationalized, and institutionalized. The development process of CTAS enlightens the development of emergency triage system in China that there is an urgent demand to establish a standardized,and informative triage and acuity scale with Chinese characteristics to improve education and training structure and training mechanisms.

The authors reviewed the status of nursing culture syncretism in hospital groups in mainland China. Then they prospected the future research in this area, and provided some suggestions for nursing culture syncretism and hospital group development.

Delirium is an acute, fluctuant change in mental status with inattention, disorganized thinking or an altered level of consciousness. Critically ill patients are in great risk of delirium because of the impact of psychological, environment, illness,and medications. Delirium could result in bad prognosis and clinical consequences of cognitive function in late stage. Thus, we should prevent delirium effectively and reduce its harmful effects. This paper reviewed the development of nonpharmacological interventions for the prevention of delirium in Intensive Care Unit both in China and abroad, in order to provide scientific and effective references for clinical practice.

This paper reviewed the application status of self-efficacy in maternity department, including childbirth selfefficacy,breastfeeding self-efficacy and infant care self-efficacy. We analyzed the influencing factors and functions of pregnant self-efficacy in order to provide theoretical references for improving pregnant self-efficacy.