People’s health attitudes had been deeply changed along with the improvement of social economic status and the growth of living standards in recent years. They paid more and more attention on health. Thus the scientific popularization of health became prominently important. The authors searched a lot of references related to scientific popularization and health education both in Chinese and English, analyzed the current status of scientific popularization in China, and summarized the pattern, methods, and developing trends of nurses’ scientific popularization education. Nurse staff should expand the health education field gradually, improve their scientific popularization ability, and play the important role of public health educators.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plays an important role in promoting the human health. The idea and methods in TCM health care and "treat before sick" have been widely accepted by the people. The concepts and practice methods of TCM health care are discussed in the classic and current literatures. Based on reviewing the classic and current literatures of TCM health education, the author analyzed retrospectively the development of TCM health education and discussed the existing problems in this field in order to provide some bases for TCM in promoting the national health literacy.

Objective: To summarize the importance of health education for elderly fracture patients with diabetes in the process of nursing care, and to improve the nursing science popularization education level, enable patients to reduce pain, reduce the occurrence and prevent complications. Methods: The health problems of elderly fracture patients with diabetes during perioperative period including poor wound healing, pressure ulcers, pulmonary infection, the lack of knowledge of medication and unreasonably healthy diet were reviewed and a set of effective science education program was summarized. The education program was applied to 50 patients with age over 70 years old with fracture complicated with diabetes. Patients and their families learned diabetes and fracture related disease and nursing knowledge, and they also learned self-care, thus to establish a healthy lifestyle habits, including diet, activity and function exercise. Results: of all the patients, 47 patients recovered well through the postoperative period with zoro serious complications which included hypoglycemia, diabetes ketoacidosis, deep vein thrombosis,pressure ulcer, infection and dislocation of the hip. During the programme, the patients or their families realized their own health status, living habits, and the rate of cognition to their disease is obviously improved, thus the complications were significantly lower. Conclusions: The process of nursing education can improve the ability of daily life, reduce the complications, improve the quality of life and improve the achievement ratio of operation.

Nowadays asthma cannot be cured completely, many asthma patients misunderstand asthma and their awareness of asthma is not deep in our country, which has many non-standard aspects in the treatment. This leads to asthma control is not ideal. The scientific nursing and health care contribute to asthma control. During the social transitional stage of returning home from hospital, we uses the trinity medical service mode, continues nursing and health education in asthma prevention, by the selection of reasonable education methods, timing, individualized health education for patients and their families to participate in self-care, to improve the prevention and treatment of patients with compliance, to reduce asthma,to maintain long-term stability,to enhance the quality of life.

Objective: To improve the outpatients’ health care knowledge, to arouse the clinic nurses’enthusiasm on learning and working,to build a harmonious relationship between nurses and patients. Methods: According to the analysis of questionnaires filled by outpatients in combination with the patients’ characteristics and demands, we developed the contents of health lecture. Nurses carry out the lecture on their lunch break. Continuous quality improvement with activities is done according to the evaluation results and the needs of patients. Results: Not only the nurses improved professional knowledge and skills and teaching abilities, but also the patients enhance the awareness of prevention and treatment of diseases. The patient satisfaction rate of health lecture was 96.4%. Outpatients service has improved accordingly. Conclusion: Carrying out health lecture in outpatients is the bridge between nurses and patients, the expansion of the high quality nursing service, the good chance to improve the public science literacy, and the effective way to improve social and economic benefits.

Objective: To study the methods and effectiveness of health education by Fangzhuang community nurses using the means of information. Methods: By using the intelligent chronic disease management platform, we establish a scientific,personality health education and assessment guidance module for signed patients; carry out the hierarchical classification health education. With direct access to the database and the data of questionnaire, this study investigate and evaluate the effects before and after the health education intervention. Result: After using one year of information means to implement the health education for signed patients, the patients' awareness rate with risk factors of chronic disease were higher than before intervention.The awareness rate of the overweight or obesity, smoking, diet were 85.7%, 72.5%, 86.3% before intervention, and were increased to 95.3%, 87.0%, 94.0% after intervention. The difference was statistically significance. Conclusion: By means of information technology, community nurses of Fangzhuang community health service center carry out health education for patients with chronic disease and achieved good results.

Objective: To observe nurses' participation in the ward rounds with doctors, and to explore the facilitating factors and obstacles for nurses' participation. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit 12 nurses from 2 units in a tertiary hospital. Observation and in-depth interview were utilized to collect data. Qualitative data analysis methods were adopted to understand the current situation of nurses' participation in the ward rounds and nurses' experience. Facilitating factors and obstacles were also explored. Results: 100% nurses accepted the model that nurses and doctors worked together during the ward rounds. They all agreed that this model of ward rounds could help nurses understand patients' situation with an integrated view, increase nurses' knowledge, improve the consistence of patient education between nurses and doctors, and highlight the collaboration recognition. While at the same time, nurses also lacked of activeness to participate. There were some conflicts at the aspects of ward rounds time and bed matching between nurses and doctors. It also showed the insufficient collaboration recognition between nurses and doctors. Conclusion: Doctors are still controlling the ward rounds, and nurses play the role of followers. In order to promote the quality of ward rounds between nurses and doctors and then increase the medical care quality,managers should make efforts on adjusting working time schedule and bed assigned model, increasing communication and collaboration, and promoting nurses' knowledge by continuing education.

Objective: To explore the pressure ulcer risk status and its related factors in elderly patients. Methods: A total of 267 elderly patients were recruited by convenience sampling method. They were investigated with the Braden Scale, short-form mini-nutrition assessment (MNA-SF), the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and Faces Pain Scale Revised (FPS-R). Wilcoxon rank sum test, Spearman correlation and multivariate regression were used to identify related factors of the risk of pressure ulcer. Results: There were 58 (21.7%) cases having pressure ulcer risk, 42(15.7%) with low risk, 7 (2.6%) with moderate risk, and 9 (3.4%) with high risk, respectively. There were 177(66.3%) patients with malnutrition, 242(90.6%) having mild urinary incontinence, 19(7.1%) with moderate and 6(2.3%) with severe urinary incontinence.In the past 4 weeks, 107(40.1%) patients lived with pain. Univariate analysis showed that the risk of pressure ulcer was significantly associated with gender, living conditions, education level and income. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, income, malnutrition,urinary incontinence and pain were independent influencing factors of pressure ulcer risk in elderly patients. Conclusion: Active interventions should be implemented to reduce the pressure ulcer risk and improve the life quality in the elderly.

Objective: To investigate the social relational quality and resilience level in traumatic brain injury patients,and explore the effect of social relational quality on resilience, so as to provide a new perspective to improve the resilience level. Methods: 238 brain injury patients were surveyed using Social Relational Quality Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The single factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used in conjunction to explore the effect of social relational quality on resilience in traumatic injury patients. Results: The total score of social relational quality and resilience level were respectively (63.61±12.89) and (51.21±5.62). The total score of social relational quality, family cohesion,family commitment, and friendship were positively correlated with the total score of resilience, tenacity, strength and optimism(P<0.05); Age, modified barthel index and Fuglmeyer motor function score were positively correlated with the total score of resilience (r=0.302, 0.365, 0.346, P<0.05), and the family income was negatively correlated with the total score of resilience (r=-0.312, P<0.05). Thereissignificant difference of the total score of resilience among the brain injury patients with different sex and mode of payment (P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the social relational quality could explained 22.7% of the total variance of the resilience level in brain injury patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: The level of resilience was in the middle in brain injury patients, and social relational quality was its influencing factor, the nursing staff could start from the social relational quality to improve the level of resilience.

Objective: To investigate pain management knowledge among nurses in burn units, and to provide reference for improving pain control level. Methods: We recruited 179 nurses from 11 hospitals in Fujian who have indepent burn units.Results: The mean correct rate of the questionnaire responses was 52.72%. The correct rates of the injury knowledge of pain to the human body were positively correlated with pain knowledge education in workplace. Conclusion: Due to the poor knowledge of nurses in burn units, it is crucial to enhance their pain knowledge so as to improve their knowledge, attitudes and quality toward pain management and further to improve patients' satisfaction.

Objective: To describe the current status of voluntary termination of PICC during chemotherapy intervals and to analyze the causes and explore the interventions. Method: The clinical data of oncology patients with PICC from a Level three local cancer hospital in Beijing were recorded during the period of May 2014 to October 2014. Results: 381 qualified oncology patients were collected, 62 patients requested to terminate PICC (16.27%). Logistic regression analysis showed that residence,working conditions, education level and PICC type were the influencing factors for termination of PICC. Conclusion: Distant residence, job situation, poor education level and type A PICC tubing were the risk factors for oncology patients to request to terminate PICC. It is suggested to promote specific helath education, psychological care, PICC training for nurses, and continuous nursing care in order to increase the application of PICC, decrease the incidence of PICC termination and ultimately improve quality of care.

Objective: To investigate the influence of head nurses' authentic leadership on nurses' work engagement. Method:Totally 208 nurses from a tertiary hospital in Beijing were investigated with Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Result: Head nurses' authentic leadership had a positive influence on nurses' work engagement. Among the four dimensions, self-awareness and internalized moral perspective were significantly associated with nurses' work engagement. Conclusion: Nursing managers should pay more attention to authentic leadership, and effective actions should be taken to strengthen head nurses' authentic leadership, so as to enhance nurses' work engagement.

Objective: To construct an objective and comprehensive evaluation index system for registered nurses. Methods:Delphi methods were used to develop the evaluation index system of clinical practice competencies for registered nurses. Two rounds of professional consultations were conducted among 45 experts allover China. Results: The final evaluation indexes of clinical practice competencies were comprised of 4 first-level indexes,16 second-level indexes and 60 criterions. The firstlevel indexes included nursing practice motivation, general ability of nursing practice, special ability of nursing practice and situation ability of nursing practice. Conclusions: This study process is rigorous with highly level of enthusiasm, authority and team coordination amongexperts,and the results could be used as guidance for both clinical practice and continuing education of registered nurses.

Objective: To investigate status of evidence-based practice in airway management among ICU nurses. Methods:A total of 347 ICU nurses from 3 hospitals and a training class for ICU nurses held by Chinese Nursing Association were recruited and investigated with self-designed questionnaire. Results: No one met all the requirements of airway management guidelines. Only 32.9% ICU nurses met the acquirements of airway humidification. Only 9.2% and 9.8% meet the acquirements of endotracheal suctioning and gasbag pressure monitoring. There was significant difference on correction rate for gasbag management among nurses from different departments. There was significant difference on correction rate for airway humidification among nurses got or did not get an ICU certificate (P﹤0.05). Conclusion: ICU nurses hold positive attitudes toward airway management guidelines wheras they are not frequently involved in evidence-based practice. Hospitals should provide evidence-based nursing education for ICU nurses and improve relevant resources so as to raise their awareness of EBN and improve their knowledge and skills.

Objective: To translate the French version of ICU patients' discomfort into Chinese, and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of IPREA. Methods: The IPREA was translated and adapted according to Chinese culture. The reliability and validity of Chinese version of IPREA was tested with 185 ICU patients. Results: The Chinese version of IPREA consisted of 17 items in three dimensions. The correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total score was 0.562~0.899,and the content validity index was 0.920. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the overall scale was 0.834, and 0.705~0.782 for the three dimensions. The test-retest reliability was 0.871 for the overall scale.Three factors were extracted by factor analysis, which could explain 60.066% of the total variance. Conclusion: The Chinese version of IPREA has acceptable reliability and validity. It can be used to measure the discomfort level of ICU patients in Chinese medical environment.

Objective: To explore the application effect of Quality Control Circle (QCC) management tool in reducing nonplanning re-inspection rate of the blood coagulation function test in ICU. Methods: Under the principle of PDCA circulation, we set up QCC group, established the activity theme as "reducing non-planning re-inspection rate of the blood coagulation function test in ICU ", invested the present situation, set goals, analyzed the reason and selected countermeasures. Results: Non-planning re-inspection rate of the blood coagulation function test in ICU decreased from 8.93% to 2.24% (P<0.05) after carrying out QCC activity, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The management of the blood coagulation samples with QCC activity can not only effectively reduce non-planning re-inspection rate of the blood coagulation function test in ICU, but also reduce the unnecessary medical cost and the waste of the patient's blood.

Objective: To explore the standard module construction and the effect evaluation of nursing comprehensive practice project based on the high simulation human. Methods: Using heart failure case as example, the standard module oriented with professional ability training was built. Then 48 students got trained with this module and the teaching effects were evaluated.Results: The scores of three dimensions named clinical decision, professional knowledge & skills and communication were the lowest according to students' self report. The teachers' records showed that the expected nursing measures were not implemented timely and correctly. Conclusion: Comprehensive training project is a good platform for occupational ability training of nursing students. Teachers should help students transform their knowledge and skills to the clinical execution, and strengthen students' communication ability training in the teaching process. The appropriate evaluation system for the project also needs to be set up.

Objective: To explore design and application of project teaching in the Adult Nursing teaching, comparing the effect of project teaching to traditional teaching. Methods: The nursing students of grade 2012 were divided into experimental group and control group, the experimental group utilized project teaching while the control group used traditional teaching. Then we compared the results based on changes in theoretical grades, practical skills, professional comprehensive quality, and inner experience after learning. Results:Project teaching can improve students' comprehensive ability, the theoretical grades,clinical performance and learning initiative for the experimental group of students were significantly higher than the control group.Conclusions: Utilizing project teaching in Adult Nursing can improve student academic performance and overall ability,motivating interests, and should be promoted.

Objective: To establish a scientific, standardized and practical work division of the clinical nurses based on nurses grading management. Methods: The data analysis method and field research method are used to preliminarily define the work division contents of the clinical nurses of different grades in the inpatient area; then the Delphi expert inquiry method was implemented to establish the work division of the clinical nurses of different grades. Results: In the expert inquiry, the effective response rate of the questionnaire in two rounds was 79.1% and 95.0%, with authority coefficient of 0.868 and 0.875 and coordination coefficient of 0.209 and 0.271 (P<0.01), respectively. It also established a 52-item work division system, including 6 items for N0-grade nurse, 6 items for N1-grade nurse, 10 items for N2-grade nurse, 10 items for N3-grade nurse, 10 items for N4-grade nurse and 10 items for N5-grade nurse. Conclusion: The work division establishment of the clinical nurses of different grades in the inpatient area was scientific, reliable and practical, and it provided a clear and specific guidance to the clinical nurses' work in inpatient area.

Objective: To investigate the current status of community nursing human resources among 45 community nursing centers in Pudong New Area in Shanghai in 2013, to provide reference of optimizing the allocation of community nursing for health administrative departments. Method: We analyzed the basic human resoures data using descriptive analysis, variance test, LSD, DunnettT 3 , nonparametric rank sum test statistics and the chi square test. Results: The overall nursing allocation level in Pudong New Area community was low. The nurses in rural, suburban nurses tended to be young. The nurses with high educational background and professional title were scarce, especially in rural and suburban areas. There were a large percentage of contract nurses. The overall per capita service community population was lower than the standard allocation. There was large difference of the per capita service area in different area, and the rural service area was 7.68 times of the urban area. Conclusion:The administrative health department of Pudong New Area should provide security from policy making, practical application,and future planning, to promote sustainable development and progress for the community nursing resources and to provide accessible and high quality care for community residents.

Objective: To analyze systematically the effect of value stream map of intravenous thrombolysis process among ischemic stroke patients and to provide the basis for process optimization. Methods: Totally 31 ischemic stroke patients with intravenous thrombolysis were recruited by purposive sampling methods and were followed up throughout the whole study.We drawed the value stream map and analyzed the activities in the hospital. Results: The mean time of hospital intravenous thrombolysis among ischemic stroke patients was 81-196 minutes, the process time was 45-98 minutes, the delay time was 36-98 minutes. Conclusion: The intravenous thrombolysis process among ischemic stroke patients has a great improvement space.The key measures to optimize intravenous thrombolysis process were timely and accurate evaluation, the cooperation and communication of each department, visual management, and diverse informed consent form.

Objective: To explore the effect of authorization education mode of "Hospital-community-family" linkage in patients with insulin pump therapy. Methods: Sixty patients with diabetes using the insulin pump therapy from 2012 February to 2014 March in Department of Endocrinology received the "hospital-community-family" trinity authorized education mode,and then the changes of fasting blood glucose, 2h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) level and selfcare ability were measured at 3 and 6 months after follow-up. Results: The implementation of authorized education after 3 and 6 months, the fasting blood glucose, 2h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) level and self-care ability were significantly improved compared with before, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The authorized education mode of "hospital-community-family" linkage integrates the health resource of hospital and the community,and gives full play to synergy of family members. This mode can improve the self-care ability of patients with diabetes, increase adherence to treatment of patients, and improve the clinical metabolic parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To explore the effects of peer support on quality of life among empty nesters with diabetes mellitus.Methods: Totally 102 empty nesters in community with diabetes mellitus were recruited by convenience sampling method and were divided into intervention group (n=52) and control group (n=50) randomly. The intervention group received the 6 months peer support, while the control group received routine health education. The patients' self-management behavior, HbA1c and quality of life were measured before the intervention, 3 months and 6 months during the intervention. Results: There were significant differences in the self-management behavior and quality of life between the two groups at 3 months and 6 months during the intervention (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the HbA1c between the two groups at 6 months during the intervention (P<0.01). Conclusion: Peer support could effectively improve the self-management behavior and quality of life, and reduce HbA1c in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To investigate the current status of dietary restriction among oropharyngeal cancer patients and to evaluate its influencing factors. Methods: Totally 136 patients were recruited and investigated by the related questions, such as tumor location, TNM stage, type of treatment, and complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of diatary restriction. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the tumor volume was closely related to dietary restriction (OR=1.67,P=0.02).Meanwhile, surgical operation (OR=4.41) and radiation therapy (OR=2.33) were also associated with the dietary restriction among oropharyngeal cancer patients. Furthermore, the pain when eating food were also an influencing factor (OR=2.02). Conclusion: We should take effective measures to take care of the patients according to the influencing facotors of dietary restriction.

Objective: To analyze the paper writing/publication status and training demands of undergraduate clinical nurses.Methods: The paper writing/publication status and training demands of 77 undergraduate clinical nurses were investigated with a self designed questionnaire. Results: There was a significant difference of paper writing/publication status in undergraduate nurses with different working years and different professional titles (P<0.05). The top 3 subjective obstacles were difficulties related to topic selection,information analysis and data collection. The top 3 objective obstacles included poor clinical nursing research environment; work strain, and lack of time and energy. Sixty three (81.9%) clinical nurses agreed that it was necessary to retake a research training course, 73 (94.9%) clinical nurses were willing to attend the training. The training needs included topic selection, application of statistic software and writing skills. Conclusion: In order to improve undergraduate clinical nurses' paper writing/publication ability, several actions would be helpful, such as developing good reading habit, accumulating cases,continuous training on nursing research, establishing nursing research group, and setting up a incentive mechanism.

Objective: To understand nurses' willingness about community nursing for the aged and analyze the influence factors, so as to provide policy advice on how to stimulate nurses to work actively for community nursing for the aged and how to promote "medical support combined" effectively. Methods: Chester sampling of the nurses in all community nursing service centers in Baoan district, Shenzhen city, was carried out. Home-made questionnaires were used in the investigation. Use Chisquare test and Logistic regression model to analyze the situation of nurses' willingness to work for community nursing for the aged and the influence factors. Results: 73.6% nurses think that their work is meaningful; 15.3% nurses want to work for community nursing for the aged in the future; age, the satisfaction of their work, and the happiness brought by the recovery of their patients affect their willingness to work for community nursing for the aged. Conclusion: The proportion of the nurses who love their work is large. Most of the nurses are not willing to work for community nursing for the aged. Nurses who are older and more satisfied with their work are more willing to work for community nursing for the aged. Improving treatment is an effective way to stimulate nurses to work actively for community nursing for the aged.

Objective: To explore the effect of multimedia combined with physical mold health education in patients with painless abortion.Methods: Totally 700 outpatients with painless abortion from January to October, 2013 were divided into control group and study group. Both groups underwent routine health education, while the study group added multimedia combined with physical mold health education.We investigated the service effects of both groups. Results: We compared relevant knowledge awareness, overall satisfaction with the service, adherence to the proper usage of contraceptive measures after 3 months, and repeat abortion rate after 6 months between the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Multimedia combined with physical mold health education could improve patients' compliance behavior and understanding of relevant knowledge, contribute to the implementation of effective contraceptive measures immediately, reduce repeat abortion rate, enhence women's reproductive health, improve their quality of life, and their satisfaction with services.

The staffs in Central Sterile Supply Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were divided into five levels to receive sterile and supply theoretical and skill training. The training focused on pecialized position training besides various kinds of training. After two years of training, the staffs'scores improved significantly than those before training, and the examination pass rate is currently 100%. Therefore, layered staff training could optimize training resources,save training costs, improve training efficacy, and comply with the characteristics of sterile supply decipline and regularity of personnel growth.

Overview of Singapore hospital strategic planning model and the learing experience, put forward the hospital quality service need six basic understanding, including service is "heart a project", that is ,we willing to do everything by heart for patients. Quality service is the job of the total, must be good at managing the patient's expectation and perception, reducing the root causes of poor service and correct understanding of patient complaints. Also presents specific methods of operation,that is, do the work of six essential hospital services management needs, including to be good at listening to patients, master the psychological, should to focus on the key processes of management, measure analysis, to highlight the characteristics, pay attention to patients' complaints and doing the best we can to cultivate employee loyalty.

With the development of nursing career in the world, the delivery of high quality nursing care has become an inevitable trend of nursing development in china. Through discussing the nurse satisfaction, logistical support, and the coordination of clinical assistant departments, the participation of the patient, nurses' working autonomy, and the nurses' professional development in USA, we learned some advanced nursing concepts to promote the developmnet of high quality nursing in China.

The article introduced the concepts of family caregiver's care burden of the elderly patients, analyzed the influencing factors and the influence on their life quality from the aspects of caregivers, recipient. We should advocate the social, family, health care workers and other main body participation, explore more endowment resources to reduce the caregiver burden.

This paper reviewed the concept, procedure, application and the meaning of Early Warning Score (EWS). It was helpful to provide reference for the rational use of EWS, and nurses can recognize clinical deterioration timely and prevent the adverse event.

Self-stigma of mental illness is the phenomenon that patients with mental illness internalize the negative public attitude to form self-prejudice and self-discrimination, which has become a hot research topic in sociology and psychology. This paper reviewed the researches in the field of self-stigma,and discussed the theory construction, measurement tools, relevant factors and intervention strategies of self-stigma among people with mental illness. Furthermore, more local studies and crosscultural researches in this field should be implemented in the future.

Based on the introduction of the patient safety culture and its assessment, this paper reviewed the assessment scales and assessment outcomes of nursing home patient safety culture in foreign countries. It is aimed to provide some suggestion for our research and expedite the development of our nursing homes by improving patient safety culture and promoting patient safety.