Nursing interventions play an important role on slowing disease progression and reducing medical expenses.Hospital care, family care and community care were reviewed in this article.

Senile demetia is one of the most serious threats to human health, especially in aged societies, which decreased health-related quality of life and caused the unbearable burden for both society and families. The study reviewed the research advances in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing care for Senile demetia patients, including disease prevention and special nursing measures, in order to provide the reference evidence for improving the quality of TCM nursing care.

Objective: To investigate the caring environment of dementia patients in Beijing, and to analyze the existing problems, so as to provide targeted countermeasures. Methods: A total of 131 patients from three caring settings (home,elderly home and hospital) in urban areas of Beijing were recruited and investigated using a self-designed caring environment questionnaire and an adverse events list during last three months. Results: The caring environment in homes and elderly homes was better than hospital on the whole, while all the three settings had something to be improved in the environment. The incidences of adverse events of patients in homes and elderly home were higher than those of the hospital. Among which, the incidences of falls and falling from bed in homes and falls in elderly home were higher than those of the hospital.Conclusion: The caring environment in different settings in urban of Beijing needs to be improved. It is suggested to set up caring environment standards for dementia patients, provide training and instruction for the caregivers, in order to improve the caring environment of dementia patients.

Objective: To describe the care demands among family caregivers of community-dwelling patients with dementia,so as to provide references to offer targeted support for the family caregivers. Methods: Twenty family caregivers of dementia patients were recruited using purposive sampling method in Beijing urban areas. Data were collected by in-depth interview and analyzed using Colaizzi content analysis method. Results: Two themes were extracted including alternative care such as direct care service, respite care, institutional care and professional support service such as professional knowledge and skills guidance, caregivers platform, rehabilitation services for dementia patients and psychological support for caregivers. Conclusion: Alternative care and professional support are the important aspects of family caregivers' care demands. We should provide targeted supportive services for family caregivers of dementia patients, so as to reduce caregiver burden and improve the quality of care.

Objective: The management system of reducing the falls in elderly patients with dementia was explored by analyzing their injury degree after falling down. Method: A total of 42 cases of elderly patients with dementia in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2014 were analyzed through the method of the purpose of sampling. Result: The incidence of falls in elderly patients with dementia was 0.94%, which was 0.88% in male patients, and 0.99% in female patients. Fall injury degree l after a merger with the patient's age, sex, the number of chronic diseases, ability of daily living, fall history, risk of falls, agitation, accompany and falling time was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Elderly patients with dementia due to disease itself factors, are more likely to have a fall, and the injury degree was more serious after falling down. Therefore,to establish a sustainable,effective and scientific management system to prevent the fall of elderly patients with dementia can ensure the safety of patients.

Objective: The effective prevention measures are put forward, which can reduce the occurrence of security incidents and improve the quality of nursing, by analyzing the causes and characteristics of the safety incident of hospitalized patients with dementia. Method: The occurrence of security incidents which happened in 139 cases of hospitalized patients with dementia from January 2008 to August 2015 were analyzed through the method of the purpose of sampling. Result: The incidence of dementia inpatients security incident showed a trend of decline year by year.139 cases of security incidents had 54 cases of unplanned extubation (38.8%), 44 cases fall/drop of bed (31.7%), 26 cases of trauma/injury in (18.7%), 6 cases of pressure ulcer (4.3%),5 cases of aspiration (3.6%), 2 cases of lost (1.4%), 2 cases of scald injury (1.4%). By analyzing to characteristics of 139 cases of the security event analysis, 67.6% of the events occurred in the night time, 84.2% of the events occurred in the ward, 88.5% of the patients activities of daily living (ADL) was moderate and above dysfunction, 69.8% of patients had high fall risk, 40.3% of patients with pressure ulcer risk is very dangerous. the 66.2% incident occurred when the caregivers accompanied the patients around,40.3% of the incident occurred in the initial stage of hospitalization, 58.3% of patients were subject to different degrees of damage.Conclusion: It can provide the basis for taking effective preventive measures by analyzing the causes and characteristics of the security incidents. It can ensure the safety of patients, ultimately reduce the occurrence of security incidents in hospitalized patients with dementia, and improve the patients satisfaction through effective preventive measures to implement.

Objective: To investigate sexual function and its influencing factors among cervical cancer survivors who completed their treatments 3 to 36 months ago. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used in this study. Two hundred and two cervical cancer survivors were investigated with a demographic and disease information questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)and Lock-Wollance Marital Adjustment Scale. Results: The total mean score of sexual function of these cervical cancer survivors was 12.87±11.03, and 80.2% of them were suffering from sexual dysfunction. Logistic stepwise regression analysis results showed that age (OR=2.614), marital satisfaction (OR=0.305), radiotherapy (OR=3.986) and vaginal atrophy (OR= 7.119) were included in the regression equation, in which the total score of FSFI was dependent variable. Among them, marital satisfaction was protective factor,and age, radiotherapy, vaginal atrophy were risk factors. Conclusion: The sexual function of cervical cancer survivors becomes worse after treatment. Many influencing factors could affect their sexual function.

Objective: To explore the effect of complications simulation on self-care abilities of young and middle-aged diabetic.Methods: Totally 32 young and middle-aged patients with incipient diabetes who had received individual clinic education and followup for 6 months attended complications simulation activities. The authors compared the differences in patients' self-care behavior score and blood sugar control before and 3 months after the intervention. Results: There were significant differences in the self-care scores of the diet, exercise and medication compliance after intervention (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the foot care and blood glucose monitoring (P>0.05). There was significant difference in blood glucose level before and after intervention(P<0.05). Conclusion: Complications simulation can improve patients' self-care abilities of young and middle-aged incipient diabetic,such as improving the diet, exercise, medication compliance, and then make blood glucose under better control.

Objective: To analyze the impact of quality of life among caregivers of chronic ill patients over 70 years or older.Methods: A total of 263 caregivers from 2 communities in Shanghai were selected using convenient sampling. Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and the brief questionnaire of World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) were used in this study. Result: All subscales of CBI were negatively correlated with all domains of WHOQOL-BREF. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis showed that physical burden,emotional burden, social and developmental burden, social worker, age and monthly income(3000 yuan) were significant predictors of QOL. Conclusion: Caregiver's burden influences different domains of QOL. Practice model with nursing education and social worker involvement may relieve care burden and improve caregiver's QOL.

Objective: To investigate the current status of capacity management among continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients in Henan province, and to explore its influencing factors. Methods: We investigated 255 peritoneal dialysis patients in outpatient clinic using general information questionnaire and peritoneal dialysis capacity management scale.Results: The mean score of capacity management scale among peritoneal dialysis patients was 13.91±4.08 in Henan province.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, living environment and operation style entered the regression equation.Conclusion: The capacity management level among peritoneal dialysis patients is not optimistic in Henan province. Medical staff should take targeted measures according to different gender, living environment and operation style to improve the capacity management level and quality life of the patients.

Objective: To investigate the changes of nutritional status in pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) patients during therapies for remission induction with L-asparaginase (L-asp). Methods: Prospectively collected a total of 49 pediatric patients diagnosed with ALL and undergoing therapies for remission induction with L-asparaginase in Shanghai Children's Medical Center from July 2014 to April 2015. Recording laboratory index and anthropometric measurements once a week during the period of using L-asp. Measuring the body composition on the day before using L-asp and on the final day of using L-asp. The gender, age, the risk of the disease, and if using human serum albumin were also recorded. Results: During the therapies for remission induction with L-asp in pediatric ALL patients, the mid-upper arm circumference decreased significantly(P<0.01) and the triceps skinfold increased significantly (P<0.01). The differences were statistically significant. Meanwhile, the fatfree body weight and the muscle mass decreased significantly (P<0.01). The serum albumin decreased significantly (P<0.01). The differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: These pediatric ALL patients had different degrees of hypoproteinemia and had fat-free mass loss during the therapies for remission induction with L-asp. They need nutrition support at the beginning of the therapy to get a better nutritional status.

Objective: To investigate clinical pediatric nursing teachers' role stress and its influencing factors. Methods:Totally 107 pediatric nursing teachers in a children's tertiary grade A hospital in Beijing were enrolled by convenience sampling method, and were investigated with clinical nursing teachers' role stress scale. Results: Of all these clinical pediatric nursing teachers, 48.59% experienced at least moderate role stress, among which 14.95% got severe pressure. Age, interest in nursing profession, whether issued by the school syllabus and familiarity with syllabus were the main influencing factors of their role stress. Conclusion: Clinical pediatric nursing teachers have role stress generally. Pediatric nursing teachers and managers should pay attention to increase their interest in nursing profession, enhance instruction on syllabus and support older nursing teachers in order to relieve clinical pediatric nursing teachers' role stress.

Objective: To explore "social care-support" health management model for the patients living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA), and to provide reference for their nursing management. Methods: A social support and care group consisting of nursing staff and peer-patients provided intervention for PLWHA, and an evaluation was adopted to assess their social support,medication compliance and health management needs and satisfaction. Results: The scores of the objective support and usage for social support after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention among PLWHA (P=0.02), and the score of medication compliance after intervention was significantly higher than that before intervention (P<0.001). Health management related knowledge, physiological knowledge, family understanding and support, social interaction knowledge and making friends satisfaction and demand also had significantly difference before and after intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: PLWHA social support-care health management model could improve the medication compliance of PLWHA, and could basically meet the needs of PLWHA for treatment and basic life knowledge, social interaction knowledge.

Objective: To explore reasonable position for thoracic operation through observing the application effect of three kinds of lateral decubitus placement methods in the thoracic operation, Method: The patients undergoing elective thoracotomy with general anesthesia were divided into three groups randomly with 80 cases in each group. A1 group: double arm stretching forward with double hand normal to body on the shelf; A2 group: using "holding ball" method; A3 group: using "sleeping"method. We compared the complications, posture time and operator satisfaction among three groups. Results: No statistical difference of complications was found among three groups. The posture time and operator satisfaction in A3 group were better than those in the other two groups. Conclusion: Sleeping type lateral position in thoracic surgery could reduce posture time and improve the operator's working efficiency.

Objective: To explore the effect of four position ways of peritoneal lavage on reducing the incidence of catheter displacement in early stage of peritoneal dialysis. Methods: The 120 new peritoneal dialysis patients receiving peritoneal lavage with 1.5% lactated peritoneal dialysis solution were randomly divided into four groups: group A (n=30), lying position lavage;group B (n=30), sitting position lavage; group C (n=30), standing position lavage and group D (n=30), semi-reclining position lavage. The gravity-assisted lavage was performed once a day for 5 consecutive days in the four groups. Results: There was statistical difference in both scores of the catheter tip position and the pain intensity scores during lavage among the four groups,with group C significantly lower than the other 3 groups (P<0.05 for al1). None of patients in the four groups developed wound effusion, peritoneal bleeding, infection and pain medication using. However, constipation was easily produced with lying and semi-reclining position lavage among the four groups. Conclusion: Standing position could reduce catheter displacement in early stage of peritoneal dialysis without increasing subjective pain intensity and constipation, which is recommended for patients without contraindications. The peritoneal dialysis nurses could hang the peritoneal dialysis solution on the infusion rack and use the gravity-assisted lavage in standing position.

Objective: To observe the effect of forced-air warming blanket application timing on patient's temperature and complication during brain tumor surgical operation. Methods: We collected 83 brain tumor surgery cases, and then randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group (n=41) was applied ordinary blanket and forced-air warming blanket immediately after the patients were sent into the operating theatre. The patients in the control group (n=42) were given the ordinary blanket when they were into the operating theatre, but given the forced-air warming blanket only when the narcotic induction started. We examined and compared two groups of patients on perioperative body temperature, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative incidence of chills,awakening agitation rate, anesthesia duration, incision infection risk. Results: The patients' body temperatures in the treatment group were higher than the entries when compared at the watching points: the induction, 1.5hour, end of anesthesia respectively. The temperature difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The patients' body temperatures in the control group were statistically significantly lower than the entries at each watching point except the end of anesthesia (P<0.05). The temperatures in the treatment group from anesthesia induction to the end were higher than the parts in the control group with statistical significance (P<0.001). The incidence of awaken chills, agitation and anesthesia duration was statistically significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that forced-air warming blanket should be applied to patients immediately when they enter into operating theatre before brain tumor surgery starts.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence, risk factors, severity, morbidity, and outpatient rate of women urinary incontinence (UI). Methods: A stratified multiple-stage cluster sampling method was used to recruit female adults in Yuxi. Totally 5523 participants were investigated using the ICI-Q-SF and I-QOL. Results: Among the 5523 participants, the prevalence of any UI was 10.74%. The most common subtype was stress incontinence, with a prevalence of 4.38%, followed by urge incontinence,with a prevalence of 2.97%. Age and marry early were independently predicted UI. We found that 51.94% of women with UI reported daily leakage, and 45.03% women reported UI had moderate to severe impact on their daily life. Only 15.68% of women with UI had consulted a doctor. Conclusion: The prevalence of UI in Yuxi was lower than that in the developed countries, however,the UI women affected confronted with daily leakage which impacted their daily lives severely and few obtained medical advice.

Objective: Based on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of general clinical teaching model in oncological clinical teaching, this paper proposes a hybrid teaching model improving nurse student’s core nursing capacity which suits to oncological clinical teaching knowledge structure and characteristics of nurse student and newly registered nurse. Methods: We categorized the knowledge of oncological clinical teaching into three sections: general teaching (knowledge domain), clinical pathway teaching (knowledge line) and specific subject teaching (knowledge point). Meanwhile, we combined the teaching knowledge with varied teaching methods and teaching team. We also improved the system of clinical teaching micro-lesson and reformed the assessment model to establish hybrid teaching model for the purpose of enhancing nurse student’s core nursing capacity. Conclusions: The hybrid teaching model could generate advantages from different teaching models to improve teaching quality, to standardize educational process and content, to mobilize enthusiasm of teacher and student, and to maximize nurse student’s core nursing capacity, and even to promote nursing capacity of department.

This paper lists a common problem and phenomenon that the students participate inactively Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method and the cooperative learning becomes a mere formality. We proposes the suggestions and solutions to promote PBL teaching efficacy with students' active participation, including empowering students to identify the nature and elements, to possess the capabilities, and to understand the advantages of cooperative learning.

Objective: To discuss the effect of the CBL based stage teaching model in clinical practice nursing students.Methods: A total of 71 nursing students in neurological department during 2013 July to 2014 June were selected as the control group, while the 80 students during 2014 July to 2015 June were included in the observational group. The traditional one to one teaching method was adopted in the control group, while the observational group followed the 4 stages of "CBL teaching path" to complete the teaching. Results: High quality nursing service awareness, theoretical score, student teaching rounds score, teaching satisfaction and quality control results in the observational group were better than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion:Clinical teaching based on the "CBL teaching path" could make students better understand the connotation of high quality care, which is benefit to the combination of theory and practice, could stimulate the students’ learning interest and improve the comprehensive quality of nursing students.

Objective: To systematically analyze the relevant literature of Standardized Patients applying in nursing teaching and to provide reference for further research. Methods: Relevant literature about Standardized Patients applying in nursing teaching before December 2014 were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database and Wanfang database using bibliometric method for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 294 articles published in 92 journals were selecte and the number of articles increased very quickly in the past 7 years. The first authors were from 29 provinces and 142 institutions. Totally 28 articles were cited more than 10 times. The research focused on the curriculum teaching, curriculum assessment and application types. Conclusion: The application of Standardized Patients in nursing teaching is gradually paid attention to by the researchers. The distribution of journals, authors and institutions is relatively scattered which indicated that the core research power has not yet formed. The research involves a wide range but the quality and depth of the study is still need to be improved.

In this paper, we briefly introduced the basic idea of Herzberg's two-factor theory and the relationships between this theory and nurse's job satisfaction. Then in order to improve nurses' job satisfaction, the authors put forward some application strategies of using hygiene factors skillfully (equitable and reasonable salary distribution, work environment security, harmonious interpersonal relationships), the strategies of using motivators aptly (arouse staffs' potential through enhancing autonomy and sense of accomplishment, combine nurses' needs of progress with recognition and opportunities) and the strategies of using both of the two factors flexibly, synergistically, and comprehensively.

Objective: To investigate the status and correlation of the intention to stay and job satisfaction of the non-active civilian nurses in Beijing. Methods: A total of 116 non-active civilian nurses of several army hospitals in Beijing were recruited and investigated with intention to stay scale and McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale (MMSS). Results: The mean score of the intention to stay was (3.11±0.57), The mean score of nurses' job satisfaction was (2.89±0.54). The first three of 8 dimensions of job satisfaction was the praise and recognition, relationship with colleagues, control and responsibility. All dimensions of job satisfaction were positively correlated with the intention to stay (P<0.05). Conclusion: Hospital nurse managers should pay attention to the issue of non-active civilian nurses' job satisfaction, and improve nurses' intention to stay. Thus it could be helpful to reduce their turnover rate.

Objective: To investigate and analyze the level of knowledge, attitude, practice to evidence-based nursing and perceived barriers to evidence-based nursing in clinical nurses. Methods: A convenience sample of 375 registered nurses was investigated with demographic data questionnaire, the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire, The BARRIERS Scale. Results: The average score of knowledge, attitude, and practice to evidence-based nursing was 4.38±1.02. The score of each dimension from low to high was nursing knowledge and skill (4.26±1.01), nursing practice (4.31±1.32), nursing attitude to evidence-based nursing (4.59±1.24).Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that present position, working pressure, occupational attitude, attitude to evidencebased nursing and the quality of research reports entered regression equation, with 27.5% explanation for variance. Conclusion: The level of knowledge, attitude, practice to evidence-based nursing in clinical nurses should be improved, which is affected by nurses' present position, occupational attitude, working pressure, attitude to evidence-based nursing and the quality of research reports.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the perceptions, behaviors and attitudes of nursing staff concerning the maintenance of patient privacy at one hospital in Taiwan. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. A total of 57 nursing staff working in the hospital completed the questionnaires. Results: The nursing staff believed that maintaining patients' privacy was both very important and easy to implement. Age and working experiences are positively correlated to the effort of maintaining patient's privacy as providing nursing care. Attending continue education in patient privacy is significant differences with the effect of environments and working loading in promoting patient privacy. There was a positive correlation between educational level and nursing staff's awareness of others' expectations that they would maintain patient privacy. Age and working experiences are positively correlated with nursing staff's behavior in frequency of maintaining patient privacy. Furthermore, working experiences and attitude and willing in maintaining patient privacy. Conclusion: Further study on patients' perceptions of the maintenance of privacy is needed to improve the quality of care in maintaining patients' privacy.

Objective: To investigate the present situation of nursing service in blood specimen collection room by using Servqual evaluation method and to find out the key factors affecting the quality of service. Methods: A total of 345 patients in blood collection room of outpatient department in one tertiary general hospital in Dalian were surveyed using a questionnaire based on the five basic dimensions of Servqual evaluation method, which was formed by the combination with the characteristics of nursing service in blood specimen collection room. Results: There is a gap between nursing service quality and the expectation and perception in patients in blood collection room. Gender and the first visiting had significant impact on the perceived service quality(P<0.05). Conclusions: Servqual evaluation method can objectively and effectively analyze the key problems of nursing service quality, and is of great significance for continuously improving the service quality.

With the improvement of healthcare and the development of the specialized nursing technology, patients who receive colostomy are growing in our country. Medical professionals are paying more and more attention on the quality of life in colostomy patients. Proper and timely evaluation on Quality Of Life can help to provide appropriate health care services, and to improve the patients' Quality Of Life. The assessment tools for the Quality Of Life of colostomy patients were reviewed to provide references for clinical staff to choose an appropriate scale when they evaluate patients' Quality Of Life.

Objective: To explore the effect of Quality Control Circle (QCC) activities on reducing the blocking rate of power peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). Methods: Totally 278 breast cancer patients from May to June 2014 got routine catheter care. From July, 2014, the authors organized QCC activities, including blocking causes analysis, goal setting,formulating and implementing countermeasures. The other 251 patients with power PICC from November to December received QCC management method. The blocking rates of PICC before and after the QCC activities were collected and analyzed. Results:The blocking rate dropped from 28.4% to 12.0% after QCC management (P<0.05). Conclusion: QCC activities could reduce the blocking rate of Power PICC.

The authors analyzed the feasibility, present situation and influence factors of breast-feeding in twins, and they proposed some strategies for promoting breastfeeding in twins from several aspects, such as feeding position, mind and body preparation of mothers, and continuous medical care from hospital to home. The future research should focus on establishing effective organization and intervention strategies to increase the rate of breast-feeding twins and promote the health of mothers and infants.

Objective: To investigate the level of hope in patients with schizophrenia, and to analyze its influencing factors.Methods: Totally 160 cases of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia were selected to do the questionnaire survey. The content includes the patient's level of hope and general demographic information. Results: The total score of hope in schizophrenia patients was 35.40±3.31. Different education levels, marital status and hospitalized times in patients with schizophrenia were statistically significant (P<0.05) in the total score of hope. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that hospitalized times was an important factor affecting the level of hope. Conclusion: The level of hope in patients with schizophrenia is influenced by many factors. To improve the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia, nurses should use a variety of interventions to improve the patient's level of hope.

Objective: To investigate the reasons of refusal of PICC in patients with chemotherapy in Department of Hematology. Methods: A self designed questionnaire was distributed to 49 patients who had refused to PICC insertion. Results:Forty patients (81.6%) worried about the inconvenient daily life with the catheter, 38 patients (77.6%) concerned the high cost, 33 patients (67.3%) did not understand it, 31 patients (63.3%) worried about insertion failure, 30 patients (61.2%) thought there was no need to put it, 28 patients (57.1%) concerned the complications, 24 patients (49.1%) thought it was difficult to care the catheter, and 12 patients (24.5%) thought they didn't need it. Patients with different characteristics had different refusal reasons. Conclusion: Different interventions should be taken to make patients understand and accept the PICC insertion, so that more patients could benefit from this technique.

Objective: To discuss the effects of 4C model in the transitional care of patients with tension free inguinal hernia repair after day surgery. Methods: A total of 120 patients having tension free inguinal hernia repair after day surgery accepted 4C (comprehensiveness, continuity, coordination, and collaboration) transitional care and the effects were evaluated. Results: The scores of VAS was (3.75±0.91) at 7 days after operation, respectively. Forty-one (34.17%) patients had constipation 7 days after surgery, and twenty-six (21.67%) had uroschesis. Abdominal distension lasted days (2.39±1.92) days averagely. The sores of MBI at discharge, 1 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after discharge were (74.02±14.68), (73.59±11.87), (79.26±10.59), (80.47±9.54),and (82.35±8.21), respectively. Conclusion: The 4C model is helpful to the early postoperative rehabilitation for patients with tension free inguinal hernia repair after day surgery and could improve their daily living activities.