Improving nurses' competencies, rationally and effectively allocating medical resources, and improving patient care outcomes are among the main interests and focus in clinical nursing management and nursing research. In order to rationally allocate human resources and improve the competencies of nurses to meet the needs of patients, the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) developed the Synergy Model in 1996. This model was originally used in certification program of AACN, ICU nursing human resources was effectively allocated through the ICU specialized nurse certification to meet the needs of patients and their families. At present, it has gradually evolved from focusing on nurses' competencies assessment to "nurse competence" framework. The core concept of the AACN Synergy Model is that the needs or characteristics of patients and families influence and drive the characteristics or competencies of nurses. This model has been widely used in hospitals, wards, and overseas military medical institutions in the United States, as well as in guiding the transportation of critically ill patients, assessing the severity and needs of ICU patients, and in magnet-designed hospital certification. The background of the AACN Synergy Model and its application in clinical practice, nursing management, and nursing education was introduced to provide a reference for the development of nursing models to meet the development of nursing work and patients' needs in China.

The cancer incidence in China is on the rise year by year, the medical resources have no longer meted the growing needs of patients for treatment, so the daytime chemotherapy model emerges at the historic moment. As a cancer hospital, we had a series of exploration reform in daytime chemotherapy management. It includes environment design, institution establishment, process management, holistic nursing, patient education and continuing nursing. We have made a great progress in improving the efficiency of hospital, decreasing the treatment costs, ensuring patients' safety and improving patients' satisfaction.

Objective: To construct and evaluate the effect of internet plus-based informatization platform in ophthalmological day surgery. Methods: A internet-based ophthalmic day surgery management system software with three entrance of PC browser, APP and small program, two ports for medical staff and patients, and six modules of preoperative evaluation, postoperative follow-up, health education, online FAQ, data statistics and template editor was developed independently. The nonattendance rate, unplanned reoperation rate, unplanned readmission rate of patients and patients, satisfaction were compared before and after the application of information platform. Results: The incidence of nonattendance, unplanned reoperation and unplanned readmission decreased from 2.36%, 0.24% and 0.12% to 1.0%, 0.08% and 0.03%, respectively after the application of the information platform (P<0.01) and the patients, satisfaction increased from 94.5% to 99.1% (P<0.01) at the same time. Conclusion: the application of internet plus-based information platform in ophthalmological day surgery is benefit to extend the space and time of nursing service for surgery, to reduce the incidence of nonattendance, unplanned reoperation and unplanned readmission of patients, and to improve the patients, satisfaction and medical treatment experience. The development and application of the information platform could be considered as an important intervention to promote the efficiency and safety of ophthalmological day surgery.

Objective: To explore the application and effect of mobile nurses for human resource management in the operating room. Methods: According to the work characteristics of the operating room nurses, we explored the effective methods for the management, training, assessment and deployment of mobile nurses in the operating room. We investigated the evaluation of the training and management mode among operating room mobile nurses. We calculated the deployment times, working hours and operation volume of mobile nurses during the employment period. We compared the scores of theory and skill assessment results, post competence and job satisfaction during the employment period. Results: Totally 56 mobile nurses in the operating room were trained and 37 passed the assessment. We deployed mobile nurses 3,185 times from March 2016 to December 2018 with a total of 25,168 hours and completing 7,518 surgeries. The training evaluation of mobile nurses in the operating room and the department's attractiveness satisfaction were 100.00% and 91.90%, respectively. The scores of theory and skill assessment, job satisfaction and post competence were improved obviously. Conclusion: The mobile nurses in the operating room could effectively supplement the shortage of operating room nurses, increase the effective communication and exchange between the operating room and various clinical departments, improve mobile nurse's job satisfaction and comprehensive ability, and save manpower cost.

Objective: To revise the Chinese version of the Barriers to Medication Administration Error Reporting Scale to form the Barriers to Near-Miss Reporting Scale, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised version. Methods: The scale was revised based on the literature review, preliminary experiment and expert consultation. Totally 540 nurses in a tertiary hospital in Tangshan City was investigated by convenient sampling to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: There were 24 items in the Barriers to Near-Miss Reporting Scale. The I-CVI was 0.833~1.000, and the S-CVI/Ave was 0.960. The extracted 6 factors by exploratory factor analysis explained 76.389% of the total variation. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.951, the Cronbach's?α coefficient of six dimensions ranged from 0.832 to 0.918. The test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.802, and the test-retest reliability of six dimensions ranged from 0.608 to 0.944. Conclusion: The Barriers to Near-Miss Reporting Scale is a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate the barriers of reporting medication near-miss.

Objective: To investigate the status quo of hypoglycemic fear in diabetic patients and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide referencesfor the improvement of hypoglycemic fear. Methods: Totally 196 diabetic patients admitted to the Department of Endocrinology of four hospitals in Luoyang city from June to November in 2018 were selected as subjects according to the inclusive criteria. Questionnaires were used to gather relevant information and SPSS 21.0, a statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: In this study, 196 patients with diabetes had a score range of 0 to 49, median 15, and interquartile interval (12.25, 20.00), indicating a higher level of hypoglycemic fear. Single factor analysis showed that different gender, marital status, type of diabetes mellitus severity, disease duration, low frequency, low blood sugar, the latest glycosylated hemoglobin index of diabetic hypoglycemia fear score differences statistically significant (P<0.05), multiple linear regression analysis showed that the total hypoglycemic fear score from mean sum of squared residuals can be gender, marital status, duration, type of diabetes, low frequency, severity, a recent glycosylated hemoglobin explain percentage is 30.3%. Conclusion: Most diabetic patients have a fear of hypoglycemia. In clinical nursing, medical staff should provide guidance on related knowledge of hypoglycemia for patients with female, divorce or widowhood, disease duration more than 20 years, type 1 diabetes, occurrence frequency of hypoglycemia more than once a week, and latest glycosylated hemoglobin ≥7%, so as to alleviate patients' fear of hypoglycemia.

Objective: To translate the English version of the Caring Assessment Tool-administration (CAT-admin) scale into Chinese and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods: After obtaining the consent of the author of the source scale, procedure of double back translation and cross-cultural adaptation was conducted. The Chinese version of the CAT-admin scale was tested to 356 nurses to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: The Chinese version of the CAT-admin included 36 items and three dimensions, which explained 73.542% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated all fitting indexes were basically good. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.965 and the Cronbach’s α of each factor was 0.926-0.960. The split half reliability of the total scale was 0.875 and 0.907-0.952 for each dimension. The test-retest reliability was 0.933 for the total scale and 0.802-0.949 for each dimension. Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.83 to 1.00 and Scale-Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was 0.89. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the CAT-admin scale showed good reliability and validity, and can be used as a valid tool to evaluate staff nurses’ perceptions of nurse-managers caring competence in China.

Objective: To translate and revise the Prognosis and Treatment Perception Questionnaire (PTPQ), and test its reliability and validity. Methods: The English version of PTPQ was translated, back-translated, cultural modified and revised based on Brislin translation model. The Chinese version of PTPQ was then applied to 198 patients with advanced cancer to evaluate its reliability and validity. Results: The Chinese version of the PTPQ consisted of two parts, with a total of 17 items. Four common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 82.513%. The content validity index of each item (I-CVI) in the questionnaire was 0.80-1.00, and the average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.91. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.845, the Cronbach's α of each factor was 0.688-0.956, and the Guttman's half-fold reliability coefficient was 0.867. Conclusion: The Chinese version of PTPQ has good reliability and validity, and it can effectively evaluate the prognosis and treatment cognition of advanced cancer patients for clinical medical staff in China.

Objective: To develop and test the psychometric properties of a psychosocial adaptation questionnaire for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Methods: Through literature review, based on the Stress-adaptation Theory and the operational definition of psychosocial adaptation, the initial questionnaire was developed through expert consultation and interview of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Following convenient sampling, a total of 220 patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease completed the questionnaire between December 2017 and October 2018. The psychometric properties, in terms of validity and reliability, of the questionnaire were examined. Results: The psychosocial adaptation questionnaire included 29 items and 6 factors after exploratory factor analysis with a cumulative contribution rate at 59.929%. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.891, with 0.615 to 0.908 for each dimension. The split-half reliability was 0.888, and the test-retest reliability was 0.809 after two weeks. Conclusion: The psychosocial adaptation questionnaire was proved to have acceptable reliability and validity in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The tool can be promoted in clinical settings to evaluate the status of psychosocial adaptation of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of falls and fall-related injuries in adult hemophilia patients, and to analyze the risk factors of fall, and to provide reference for evidence-based intervention. Methods: From October 2018 to April 2019, convenience sampling was used to investigate fall occurrence in patients with hemophilia during the past year. The general information of patients was collected, and functional tests were conducted. According to whether or not a fall occurred, the patients were divided into two groups. The univariate and multivariate analysis were used to compare the differences between the general data and the functional test results, and analysis the risk factors of fall in adult hemophilia patients. Results: A total of 163 patients participated in the study, 64 of whom had fallen in the past year. Multivariate analysis showed that the occurrence of falls was related to hip as the target joint, balance ability and time up and go test result (P<0.05). Conclusion: Adult hemophilia patients have a higher incidence of falls and fall-related injuries, similar to the elderly. It needs to arouse the attention of medical staff and patients, strengthen prophylaxis treatment and conduct rehabilitation therapy to reduce the risk of falls.

The Root Cause Analysis method was used to analyze a case of identification error of a surgical patient. In order to reproduce the whole process of the case, the five key steps of RCA, namely defining the problem and gathering data, identifing possible causes, determining the root cause, generating plans and carrying out those plans were taken, which provided hospital managers with ideas and methods of quality management to better identify problems in the system and generate improvement plans and preventive measures.

Objective: To consolidate the infant anti-theft system in hospital and ensure the safety of infants. Methods: Benchmarked by the Guidelines on prevention of and response to infant abductions of the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, which compares the weaknesses in the infant anti-theft system of the hospital, and adopts targeted measures to improve the safety system for infant abduction. Results: Through benchmarking, the hospital infant anti-theft security system was consolidated, the implementation rate of infant anti-theft measures increased from 88.89% before improvement to 99.35% after improvement, and the risk value of infant anti-theft decreased from 37.04% before improvement to 18.52% after improvement. Conclusion: Benchmarking is a method to extend the idea and draw on the best practice of other institutions or fields to the problems that the organization needs to solve. It can avoid detours in the process of quality improvement, and effectively improve quality and patient safety.

Nursing staff in the 125I seed implantation ward need frequent close contact with seed implant patients due to their working characteristics, which is easy to cause radiation damage to the body. This review summarizes the current research on the radiation protection of nursing staff in 125I seed implantation ward from three aspects: the measures of radiation protection practice, the current status of radiation protection practice and the management of radiation protection practice,in order to provide reference for nursing staff in radiation protection.

Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of occupational acquisition among nurses, and to provide reference for nursing managers to improve nurses' occupational acquisition level. Methods: Totally 1?1795 nurses from 34 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and special administrative regions were recruited to participate in the survey. Results: The score of occupational acquisition among nurses was (133.93±20.64) with the highest and lowest dimension good nurse-patient relationship (84.80%) and positive occupational perception (73.42%). There was a positive correlation between nurse occupation acquisition and gender, technical titles, shift, children's condition, education background, working years, position and monthly income (P<0.05). Conclusion: Occupational acquisition of nurses could be greatly improved. The nursing managers could improve the occupational acquisition level of nurses by adopting different training and management strategies and setting up diversified development platforms according to their gender, educational background, position, etc.

Objective: To explore the innovation ability of nurses in tertiary hospitals in Zhengzhou and analyze its associated factors. Methods: A total of 1 260 nurses meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria in 4 tertiary hospitals in Zhengzhou were investigated by self-developed general information questionnaire and the Nurse Innovation Ability Scale. Results: The total score of innovation ability of nurses was (143.89±19.75) with the mean score of (3.50±0.48) for each item. The score of innovation environment and pressure subscale was the highest (3.84±0.66), while the score of innovation product subscale was the lowest (3.18±0.86). Multiple regression analysis showed that marital status, position, title, working duration and satisfaction with their jobs were the main factors associated with the innovation ability (P<0.05). Conclusion: The innovation ability of nurses in Zhengzhou is on a medium level. Nursing managers should cultivate nurses' innovation ability, develop standardized and effective cultivation programs to improve nurses' innovation ability comprehensively.

Objectives: To systematically compare the effects of Umbilical Cord Milking (UCM) with those of Delayed Cord Clamping (DCC) on premature infants. Methods: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Clinical Trials. gov, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP database were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of UCM with those of DCC on premature infants. The studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the standard methodological procedures were used to extract the data and assess the quality. Data was analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results: Totally 8 eligible RCTs enrolling 892 premature infants were picked out. Meta-analysis showed that compared with DCC, UCM could reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhages (IVHs) [OR=0.64, 95% CI (0.41, 0.99), P=0.04] and improve the cognitive and language ability of premature infants at the age of 2 [Cognitive ability: OR=0.24, 95% CI (0.07, 0.77), P=0.02; Language ability: OR=0.45, 95% CI (0.22, 0.90), P=0.02]. However, as to indicators like in-hospital mortality, hemoglobin level at birth, initial hematocrit level, maximum serum bilirubin, necrotizing enterocolitis and the need for transfusion, no significant differences were observed. Conclusion: UCM, when compared with DCC, may lower the risk of IVH and improve the cognitive and language ability of premature infants at the age of 2. However, large-scale studies with high quality are still needed.

Objective: To systematically summarize the care burden of family caregivers of patients with colorectal cancer and its associated factors. Methods: Referring to the Cochrane Collaborative Network Work Manual, we searched the literatures published from the establishment of the database to March 31, 2019 including PubMed, EMbase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Springer, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, and Baidu Scholar. The literature we were interested in were those studies focusing on care burden of family caregivers of patients with colorectal cancer. Two researchers independently screened and extracted the data. The Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) was used to assess the paper quality. After the quality assessment, we systematically summarize the related studies on the topic. Results: Ten studies were finally included. According to caregiver adaptation model and cancer family care model, the associated factors could be grouped into patient characteristics and caregiver characteristics. The main associated factors included the patients' general information, disease condition, and quality of life, self care ability, intestinal function and caregivers' general information, social support, coping style, and quality of life. Conclusion: Many factors are associated with the burden of care of family caregivers in patients with colorectal cancer. The recruited studies are descriptive researches and such a research design cannot provide robust evidence of causality. More longitudinal studies are expected to provide high-quality evidence.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the mobile medical care model based on Online-to-Offline in patients with initial basal insulin treatment. Methods: A mobile health management system based on Online-to-Offline with mobile terminals for the doctors, nurses, and patients was applied in the program. For all the recruited T2DM patients, the baseline information was collected and a first-day health education was provided. In the following 12 weeks, basal insulin doses and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were collected online by text messages or phone call, and standardized health education and glycemic control guidance both online and offline were provided to patients. Results: Totally 1 051 patients were enrolled and 852 patients completed the 12 weeks follow-up. In total, 84.3% patients reached the FPG control target in the follow-up. The result by generalized estimation equation model suggested that the patients' FPG value was decreased after 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, The FPG control rate of patients at the baseline, in week 1, 2, 4 and 8 was 0.009, 0.098, 0.172, 0.260, 0.286 times of that in 12 week, respectively, The FPG control rate of the patients with incomplete self-monitoring blood glucose data was 0.658 times of that of the complete group. The FPG control rate of the those who had never participated in the education program was 0.770 times of that of others (P<0.05). Conclusion: The mobile medical care model based on Online-to-Offline is an effective way to improve the blood glucose management level of patients treated with basal insulin.

This article reviewed the application of mobile health in weight management during pregnancy, expounded the implementation scheme, discussed the advantages and disadvantages of mobile health, and analyzed its effectiveness and safety. It may provide a reference for the application of mobile health in weight management during pregnancy in China.

Objective: To establish and manage the heart failure care clinic with doctor-nurse collaboration. Methods: To establish the heart failure care clinic with doctor-nurse collaboration through selecting and training nursing experts, preparing outpatient equipment and defining the workflow and content of specialized nursing outpatient service; controlling the quality of the heart failure care clinic with doctor-nurse collaboration. Results: Compared with the controlled group, the rate of mortality in 1 year decreased in outpatients with heart failure (P<0.05), the readmission frequency of heart failure patients was significantly reduced (P<0.05) and the quality of life of patients with heart failure was improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is helpful to improve the self-management ability of patients with heart failure and improve the quality of life of patients by establishing and managing the heart failure care clinic with doctor-nurse collaboration.

Objective: To explore the effect of continuing follow-up empowerment education on the rehabilitation of outpatients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy. Methods: The outpatients with radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma who met the inclusion criteria from January to June 2018 in our hospital were enrolled as the control group (n=50). The routine health education was provided during radiotherapy. The outpatients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy who met the inclusion criteria from July to December 2018 were selected as intervention group (n=46). In the intervention group, on the basis of routine health education, the continued empowered education was performed during follow up clinic visits. Results: The incidence of radiation stomatitis and radiation skin injury in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The compliance of functional exercise of head and neck was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The follow-up empowerment education for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy can be effectively improved by setting up a specialist nursing clinic. It can effectively improve the self-efficacy of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy and reduce the incidence of complications during radiotherapy, which has an important impact on the rehabilitation of patients.

Objective: To investigate the reproductive concerns in cervical cancer patients of childbearing age, and analyze the related influencing factors. Methods: Totally 285 cervical cancer patients of childbearing age, who were admitted to four Grade III Class A hospitals in Zhengzhou City from November 2017 to November 2018, were selected to fill in questionnaires, including the general information and the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer (Chinese version).Results: The average reproductive concerns score of 285 cervical cancer patients of childbearing age was 56.45±8.18. Educational level, pathological type, clinical stage, surgical approach, the number of children and fertility desire entered the multiple regression equation and explained 38.0% of the total variance. Conclusion: Cervical cancer patients of childbearing age have relatively higher reproductive concerns. Educational level, pathological type, clinical stage, surgical approach, the number of children and fertility desire are the influencing factors. Medical staff should consider these influencing factors when develop psychological interventions to promote the healthy development of the population examined in this study.

This paper introduced the definition and concept of case management, presented the implementation and application of models in Cardiovascular Disease case management around the world. Moreover, under influence of the Chinese new medical reform, this paper discussed the key points that were essential to the implementation process of the case management models in the field of Cardiovascular Disease, including dissemination of the concept in case management, preparation and organization of case managers, that would provide evidence and reference for the establishment of new nursing models in Cardiovascular Disease management in China.

Objective: To develop ICU Delirium Knowledge Questionnaire and test its reliability and validity. Methods: We developed ICU Delirium Knowledge Questionnaire by clarifying the research purpose and framework, establishing the item database, selecting and revising the questions, pre-testing and screening the questions. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed in 222 ICU nurses in three tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Results: The item-content validity index of the questionnaire ranged between 0.83 and 1.00, the scale-content validity index was 0.96. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.82. Item difficulty index ranged between 0.17 and 0.80. Average index of discrimination was 0.46. Conclusion: The ICU Delirium Knowledge Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the knowledge level of ICU nurses in China.

We conducted a literature review of the concept, sources, harmfulness, assessment tools, the status quo, influencing factors and interventions related to stigma among family caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this review is to understand the research status of stigma among family caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder at home and abroad, and to provide reference for exploring effective interventions to reduce the level of stigma in family caregivers.

Objective: To investigate the cognition and behavior of patients’ medication compliance among hemodialysis nurses. Methods: Totally 233 hemodialysis nurses from 10 general tertiary Grade A hospitals were investigated by general information questionnaire and hemodialysis nurses' cognitive and behavioral questionnaire on patients' medication compliance. Results: Hemodialysis nurses had good cognition of medication compliance and poor behavior. Currently, only 52.8% of hemodialysis nurses asked each patient about their medication. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the cognitive scores of different titles of hemodialysis nurses in the occurrence of drug noncompliance and the patients prone to drug noncompliance (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in cognitive scores of hemodialysis nurses with different ages in improving medication compliance disorder (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in cognitive scores between hemodialysis nurses with different working years and nurses with or without blood purification specialty in improving medication compliance (P<0.05). Conclusion:There are still some deficiencies in the cognition and behavior of hemodialysis nurses to patients' medication compliance. Nursing managers should carry out hemodialysis nurses training to improve patients' medication compliance. Nurses should pay more attention to patients' medication compliance, and explore evaluation tools for clinical application of medication compliance.

The fact that premature infants leave the uterine environment which is beneficial to their growth earlier than full-term infants, together with all kinds of adverse stimuli in NICU environment, is not conducive to the treatment and recovery of premature infants. It was found that early auditory stimulation could improve the quality of life and promote the growth and development of NICU premature infants during hospitalization. This paper systematically reviews the effects of Music Therapy and Maternal Sound Stimulation on the heart rate, pain, feeding, weight and sleep of premature infants with NICU, so as to provide reference for the study of auditory stimulation in the future.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the Six Sigma management method in process optimization for high-value medical consumable management in the cardiac catheterization room. Methods: The process followed the five basic and implementation steps of Six Sigma methodology, including Definition, Measurement, Analysis, Improvement and Control (DMAIC). Questionnaire, Kano analysis, SIPOC high-level flow chart, fishbone diagram analysis and crisis-opportunity matrix analysis were used to compare the differences on the timely response rate of the agency, the correct rate of consumables entering and leaving the warehouse, and the satisfaction of patients and medical staff before and after the Six Sigma management method was implemented. Result: The defect per million opportunities (DPMO) of high-value consumables was reduced from 366 400 to 48 800, and the capacity of the distribution process was increased from 1.87σ to 3.25σ. Nurses successfully completed the billing process on the first try with the DPMO reduced from 181 900 to 10 000, and with the capacity of billing process increased from 2.37σ to 3.87σ. After the Six Sigma management method was applied, the DPMO of the scanned-out supplies from the warehouse was decreased from 274 000 to 86 400, and the capacity of the scanning out process increased from 2.12σ to 2.89σ. Meanwhile, the satisfaction of nurses, patients and medical staff in the catheterization room was significantly improved. Conclusion: Using Six Sigma DMAIC management method to optimize the management process can effectively improve the management efficiency and quality of high-value medical consumables in the catheterization room.

Objective: To construct a family-centered case management program for children with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Based on literature reviews and clinical investigation, a draft of the family-centered case management program for children with type 1 diabetes was developed with self-management theory and Omaha effectiveness evaluation system as a reference. Then 19 experts from 6 regions in China were selected to join in the two rounds of Delphi expert letter consultation and conduct statistical analysis and screening of indicators at all levels. The credibility of expert consultation results was analyzed by calculating the positive coefficient, authority coefficient and coordination coefficient of experts. Results: The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of expert correspondence questionnaire were respectively 95.0% and 100.0% with the authoritative coefficient being 0.89 and 0.87, and the Kendall's W values were all statistically significant (P<0.001). The concentration of various indicators was relatively high. Finally, the family-centered case management program for children with type 1 diabetes was obtained, including the family-centered case management working process and evaluation indicators which were consisted by 5 first-level ones, 14 second-level ones and 34 third-level ones. Conclusion: The family-centered case management program for children with type 1 diabetes is of significant credibility and feasibility, which can provide guidance and references for the nursing of children with type 1 diabetes.

This paper reviews the research progress on the equipment, application object and timing, operation process, safety, suspension identification and application effect of In-Bed Cycling exercise, so as to enhance the attention of medical personnel in relevant departments to In-Bed Cycling exercise and provide reference for its clinical practice and subsequent research.

Nurse Practitioner (NP) is a health care provider who can practice independently and autonomously. NPs in western countries such as the United States, United Kingdom and Australia have developed for decades with mature training program. Upon the construction of hierarchical medical system in China, it is especially important to explore the training mode of NPs which is suitable for China. The characteristics of NP's degree and curriculum in the United States, United Kingdom and Australia are presented as examples. It aims to provide experience and reference for the development of NPs in China.