China has a high burden of AIDS epidemic in Asia. The number of people with HIV/AIDS has reached 849 thousand. Which means China has to curb the epidemic of AIDS with no hesitation. This article expounds HIV/AIDS control in three aspects: the characteristics of AIDS epidemic in China, AIDS prevention and control: 90-90-90 percents progress in implementation, and long-term care for HIV/AIDS in China, which will provide reference for AIDS prevention and control and care work in the later period.

Objective: To confirm the effectiveness of peer support to stigma among men who have sex with men living with HIV. Methods: Sixty four men who have sex with men living with HIV were selected from a tertiary grade A hospital in Beijing from March 2016 to November 2017. They were divided into intervention (n=32) and control group (n=32) randomly. The intervention group received peer support in the form of Wechat and offline activities in groups for 4 consecutive weeks, while the control group received routine hospital care like knowledge of the disease, medicine and living with AIDS. Both groups were followed up at the end of the intervention, 1 month and 3 months after the intervention. The scores of stigma, negative emotion and mastery were measured. Results: Compared with the control group, the scores of stigma, negative emotion in the intervention group decreased significantly, meanwhile mastery increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: Peer support can effectively reduce research objects' stigma and negative emotion, and improve their mastery. This intervention method is practical and feasible, and can be used as an important measure to promote the mental health of patients living with HIV in the future.

Objective: To analyze status of physical activity and ifluencing factors of dyslipidemia in HIV/AIDS patients receiving Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy. Methods: A total of 306 HIV/AIDS patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital were surveyed. The general situation questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to investigate the current status. Meanwhile, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL were tested. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of physical activity between different genders (P=0.014). The incidence of dyslipidemia in this study was 58.50%, of which the incidence of hypercholesterolemia was 5.56%, the incidence of hypertriglyceridemia was 20.59%, and the incidence of low HDL-C was 35.29%. The incidence of dyslipidemia in men increased with age, and the incidence of dyslipidemia in female patients before and after menopause was higher. Multi-factor analysis showed that hypercholesterolemia was associated with sex (P=0.041), age (P=0.008), pre-treatment HIV viral load (P=0.004) and physical activity score (P=0.019); hypertriglyceridemia was only associated with BMI (P=0.002) and pre-treatment CD4 cell count (P=0.048); low HDL-C was associated with BMI (P=0.010), physical activity score (P=0.046), and pre-treatment CD4 cell count (P=0.043); dyslipidemia was generally associated with BMI (P=0.002). Conclusion: Blood lipid levels correlated with age, BMI, pre-treatment CD4 cell count and physical activity in HIV/AIDS patients receiving high-efficiency antiretroviral. Nursing staff should provide targeted health guidance and blood lipid monitoring to improve patient activity habits, thereby reducing the incidence of hyperlipidemia.

Objective: To explore the experience of HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in disclosuring positive results with male regular partners, and provide evidences for intervention strategies. Methods: A semi-structured interview was conducted on 12 HIV-infected MSM using phenomenological research methods. Results: Three themes were extracted through analysis: high acceptance of disease, psychological burden, and good relationship with male regular partners. Conclusion: In the open culture of the MSM population, it is relatively easy for HIV-infected MSM to disclose HIV-infected to male regular partners. Increasing HIV-related knowledge publicity, enhancing the awareness of high-risk status, and improving good partnerships can promote HIV-infected disclosure of male regular partners.

Objective: To analyze the status quo of disease self-management and related factors in People Living With HIV (PLWH), as well as the relationship between disease self-management and quality of life, and to provide reference for improving the level of disease self-management in this population. Methods: From September to December 2018, we consecutively recruited 555 PLWHs from an HIV clinic in Hunan province. General information questionnaire, and HIV related clinical data questionnaire, self-management scale for PLWH and WHO QOL-HIV BRIEF scale were used to collect data. Bivariate analysis was used to explore the related factors, and multivariable generalized linear regression was conducted to confirm the related factors to self-management. Results: The total score of self-management was 170.50±22.98, with a score rate of 69.6%, which was at the moderate. The level of self-management of diseases was positively related to quality of life. Multi-factor analysis showed that sexual orientation, taking antiretroviral therapy, having comorbidities, and perceived support or stigma from people who know their HIV status were significantly associated with self-management in people living with HIV. Conclusion: The self-management of PLWHs is related to the quality of life and needs to be promoted. Interventions needs to incorporate more complex management knowledge and techniques should be included to help PLWH coping with comorbidities, antiretroviral therapy, and infection status disclosure, etc.

Objective: To develop the neonatal skin injury risk assessment tool for measuring of Chinese neonatal skin injury risk. Methods: Using the Delphi method, the Neonatal Skin Risk Assessment Scale and The Neonatal Tissue Viability Risk Assessment Tool for reference, with bergstorm's conceptual model of skin pressure injury and Vincen's risk and safety analysis theory as the framework, the expert consultation questionnaire was formed on the basis of interviews with 18 clinicians and nurses. Seventeen experts were selected for two rounds of expert consultation, and the items of the scale were screened to form the final risk assessment tool for neonatal skin injury. Results: The expert's positivity was high and the response rates of the two-round consultation were 94.74% and 94.44% and the coefficient of the expert's authorities Cr were 0.841 and 0.885, after the two-round consultation, Kendall's W was 0.460 (P<0.01). Finally, the neonatal skin injury risk assessment tool included nine items (gestational age, weight, humidity, nutritional intake status, friction and shear force, tissue oxygenation and perfusion, types of medical equipment, autonomous activities, use of exosmosis drugs) was formulated. Conclusion: The reliability and authority of neonatal skin injury risk assessment tool developed with Delphi method is relatively high. It can provide a reference for clinical nurses to evaluate the skin risk of newborns and lays a foundation for testing the reliability and validity and evaluating the predictive ability of the scale.

Objective: To translate the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) into Chinese and evaluate its reliability and validity in community nurses. Methods: The Chinese version of DAS (DAS-C) was translated from the original English version and adjusted for cultural adaptation. The reliability and validity were tested in 213 community nurses who were proportionally selected from nine administrative divisions in Chongqing urban area. Results: The DAS-C contains 20 items. The item content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.80 to 1.00, the average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.98. Three common factors that explained 48.026% of variance were extracted, which were dementia knowledge, positive social comfort and negative social comfort. The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.787, and the Cronbach's α coefficient for the three dimensions was 0.854, 0.704 and 0.752, respectively. Conclusion: DAS-C shows good reliability and validity. It is a valid tool to assess the attitudes of community nurses towards patients with dementia.

Objective: To develop a scale to assess family caregivers' capability of caring rehospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A draft scale was developed based on the results of literature review, semi-structured interviews, expert consultation and pilot study. The reliability and validity of the draft scale was then tested among 287 caregivers of rehospitalized COPD patients in Shanghai by convenient sampling method, and the final scale was developed. Results: The total Cronbach's α coefficient being 0.898 displaying a relative good reliability of the scale. By means of principal component factor analysis, four common factors were extracted and the relation between their distribution and dimension was consistent with previous theoretical framework ideas. The coefficient of correlation between each dimension of the scale ranked from 0.408 to 0.720 showing a statistically significant difference between the dimensions. The difference of correlation between each dimension and the total score was significant from the statistical aspect with the coefficient of correlation being 0.706-0.892. Conclusion: The capability scale of family caregivers for rehospitalized COPD patients possesses good reliability and validity, which can be used in our country.

Objective: To establish the Arteriovenous Fistula puncture risk assessment scale and test its reliability and validity. Methods: The assessment scale was first developed according to the pre-established indicator system for evaluating autologous Arteriovenous Fistula puncture risk. Then after consulting 5 experts and a pilot study, 198 patients from a hemodialysis center of a third-grade hospital in Dalian were selected for investigation and evaluation. The reliability and validity of the assessing tool and the ROC curve based on the survey results were obtained to figure out the diagnostic boundary value. Results: Finally, the Arteriovenous Fistula puncture risk assessment form with 4 dimensions and 24 items was established. 4 common factors were extracted using exploratory factor analysis with the accumulated variance contribution rate being 70.484%, and the factor loads of all items were beyond 0.4. The content validity index of items (I-CVI)was 0.866-1.000 and the content validity index of scale (S-CVI) was 0.942. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.823, and the test-retest reliability was 0.783. The ROC curve area was 0.813 and the standard error was 0.070 with the 95% confidence interval being (0.677, 0.950), which was statistically significant (P=0.001). The Yoden index reached the highest of 0.493 when the score was 10. The predicted sensitivity of the scale was 70.00% and the specificity was 79.30%. The diagnostic threshold of the evaluation scale was 10 points. Conclusion: The self-designed Arteriovenous Fistula evaluation scale has practical significance for clinical work. With a good reliability and validity in the primary test, it can be used as an assessment tool for nurses before autologous Arteriovenous Fistula puncture.

Objective: To analyze the classification of mental workload of nurses in Shanghai, and to identify the difference in demographic variables for each latent category. Methods: A total of 1025 nurses from 7 general hospitals in Shanghai were investigated with a self-developed questionnaire about demographic information and nurse-version NASA Task Load Index. Latent profile class analysis and difference test of demographic variables among categories were conducted. Results: Nurses' mental workload was divided into "low workload perception—high self-evaluation group" (31.1%), "moderate workload perception—moderate self-evaluation group" (27.7%), "high workload perception—high self-evaluation group" (24.4%) and "high workload perception—low self-evaluation group" (16.8%). Different distributions of age, working years, having children or not, living condition, working department, professional title, working overtime and annual income existed among four mental workload groups, and there was no statistical difference in marital status, education level and hospital grade. Conclusion: Nurses' mental workload in Shanghai can be classified into four categories. The characteristics of some demographic variables were different for those with different mental workload categories. To reduce nurses' mental workload, the different demographic characteristics of nurses should be considered in the implementation of intervention.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of ICU diary on post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression in critically ill patients. Methods: Studies investigating the effects of ICU diary on post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression with RCT design were searched from eight databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP from inception to September 11th, 2019. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the literature and extracted the data. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3. Results: Seven studies with a total of 702 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that ICU diary, which was recorded by medical staffs or family members during patients' hospitalization in ICU, could significantly decrease the incidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [OR=0.58, 95%CI (0.36-0.93), Z=2.24, P=0.03], anxiety [OR=0.24, 95%CI (0.10-0.60), Z=3.07, P=0.002] and depression [OR=0.29, 95%CI (0.11-0.79), Z=2.43, P=0.01] in patients after discharge. Conclusion: ICU diary is shown to reduce the incidence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety and depression of patients after discharge. More high-quality studies with RCT design are needed to verify these effects.

Objective: Describe the characteristics and influencing factors of family functioning in adult patients undergoing Hemodialysis. Methods: Using convenient sampling following simple random method, a total of 378 cases of middle-aged and young adult patients with Hemodialysis was enrolled in the current study from 14 tertiary hospitals in Shenzhen, between November 2018 and March 2019. The characteristics of these patients was collected via questionnaires, including the general demographic questionnaire, the scale in assessing family functioning, and the Social Support Rating Scale. Following multiple linear regression analysis, potential influencing factors for family functioning was identified. Results: In this sample, the mean score on family functioning was 8.00 (6.00, 9.00), with 253 (67.0%) patients reported with adequate family function, but 101 (26.7%) patients were reported with moderate family dysfunction, and 24 (6.3%) patients with severe family dysfunction. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that marital status along with working condition, medical payment method, interpersonal relationship during illness and social support were significant factors for family functioning in the model among these patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: In general, the overall family functioning of middle-aged and young adult patients undergoing Hemodialysis is identified as moderate and above average in this sample. In addition, marital status, working condition, medical payment method, interpersonal relationship during illness, and social support are suggested to be potential influencing factors of family functioning among these patients.

Objective: To describe the current status of turningover related painamong mechanically ventilated patients and its changes in their first 24 hours staying in ICU after surgery, and to explore the relevant factors of turning over related pain. Methods: A descriptive design was used and a total of 100 patients were recruited in this study. Patients' turning over related pain was assessed with Chinese version of Behavioral Pain Scale (C-BPS) and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). Each patient was assessed 6 times: 5 min before turning over, during turning over, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min after turning over. Results: The practice of turning over could obviously increase patients' pain intensity. The median score of pain intensity during turning was 5. The highest score of pain intensity was 10. There were 87 patients (87.0%) with pain. There were 32 patients (32.0%) with significant pain. At 5 min after turning over, the pain intensity score returned to the level of that in 5 min before turning. The patients with lower levels of sedation, wearing analgesia pump and younger age had lower pain scores. Conclusion: Turning over can significantly increase patient's pain intensity. RASS score, whether to own analgesia pump, and the age were correlated with patient's pain intensity score.

Objective: To explore and optimize the communication strategy for informing patients with breast cancer condition by using the SHARE communication model. Methods: The 114 breast cancer patients, admitted in January and February of 2019, were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=58) and the control group (n=56). In the experimental group, the SHARE communication model was used to inform the patients about their cancer condition. In the control group, the general notification method was adopted. The anxiety, depression, awareness and psychological resilience of the two groups were compared at discharge. Results: The anxiety score of the experimental group at discharge was 5.24±1.64. Depression score was 5.91±1.82. The degree of disease awareness were completely informed 67.24%, partial informed 32.76%, uninformed 0. Total psychological elasticity score was 66.43±6.73. The anxiety score of the control group at discharge was 10.30±2.79. The depression score was 9.67±2.89. The degree of disease awareness were completely informed 46.43%, partially informed 50.00%, uninformed 3.57%. Total psychological elasticity score was 54.80±6.46. There were significant differences in anxiety, depression, awareness and psychological resilience between the two groups at discharge (P<0.05). Conclusion: The new strategy with SHARE communication model was safe and effective. It can help patients fully understand the cancer condition, reduce patients' negative emotions and improve their psychological resilience level, so as to gradually establish a mature psychological defense mechanisms and positive coping styles.

Objective: To establish a delirium prediction model for neurosurgical ICU patients and verify the sensitivity and specificity of this model. Methods: A prospective cohort study was designed to collect data from 310 patients who were admitted to Neurosurgical ICU in a tertiary hospital from January 2017 to February 2018. A risk factor prediction model was then created using multivariate logistic regression. We further collected data from 60 patients between March and June 2018 to validate the model. Results: Among the 310 patients, there were 118 cases of delirium (38.1%). The model consisted of 6 predictors, which were cognitive dysfunction on admission, having fever, hypoproteinemia, abnormal liver function, sedative use ≥ 4 times, and physical restraint during the stay in ICU. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was M=0.80, SD=0.07, 95% CI (0.674, 0.932). The sensitivity and specificity were 0.68 and 0.83, respectively, and the critical value was 0.51. Conclusion: The study established a delirium prediction model for neurosurgical ICU patients which consisted of 6 predictors. Our model can predict the risk of delirium in neurosurgical ICU patients, thereby helping medical staff to identify patients at high risk of delirium and implement targeted interventions to reduce the incidence of delirium and its negative effects.

Educational intervention can effectively improve ICU nurses' cognition and clinical practice on delirium management. This article reviews the current status of ICU nurses' management cognition, educational effectiveness evaluation and interventions of delirium education, in order to provide reference for the establishment and implementation of ICU nurses' education programs.

Objective: To systematically evaluate whether interventions targeted at improving sleep in intensive care units (ICUs) were associated with reduction in ICU delirium. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang Data for randomized controlled trials on sleep interventions and delirium both at home and abroad till December 31, 2018. Besides, all the references referred in those literatures including primary ones and literature reviews were also searched. Two researchers were responsible to screen literatures in accordance with the inclusive and exclusive criteria, extract data and assess the methodology quality of those included literatures separately. The meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of fourteen studies involving 2548 patients were included, of which four trials took dexmedetomidine as the intervention, four light therapy and the rest ramelteon, earplug-using, simulating human circadian rhythm to produce sedation and nondrug bundle of care. Dexmedetomidine, according to the meta-analysis, could reduce the risk of delirium (OR=0.36, P<0.00001), but not the length of stay in ICUs (SMD= -0.25, P=0.25). Simulating human circadian rhythm to produce sedation showed a beneficial effect (OR=0.25, P=0.005). Light therapy and earplug-using were not associated with risk of delirium in ICUs, respectively, and light therapy wasn't associated with shorter ICU length of stay either. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine and simulating humam circadian rhythm to produce sedation may have beneficial effects on reducing the incidence of delirium in critically ill patients. However, in consideration of the number and quality of the included studies, the conclusion needs to be further validated and supported by multi-centered randomized controlled trials with a large sample size.

This article illustrates the current situation of NICU nurses' competence in providing palliative care for the neonatal in the domestic and abroad. And from the perspective of knowledge, skills and attitudes of palliative care in NICU, the article also introduces the current domestic and overseas strategies to improve their ability to care the dying babies. The purpose of the article is to improve the palliative care competence of Chinese neonatal nurses and provide a reference for relevant research.

Objective: To examine the status quo of attitudes toward patient safety and professionalism of nursing students, and to explore the influencing factors. Methods: A convenience sample of 1 402 nursing students undergoing clinical practice was recruited in six different regions of China through Internet. Attitudes toward Patient Safety and Professionalism Survey was conducted. Results: The average score of attitudes toward patient safety and professionalism was 137.12±20.18. Results from multiple linear regression analysis indicated that clinical practice duration, degree of education, whether having nursing errors during the clinical practice, whether receiving patient safety related training, whether having access to patient safety related knowledge, whether taking multi-culture related courses were the major influencing factors which explained 12.0% of the variance of attitudes toward patient safety and professionalism. Conclusion: The level of attitudes toward patient safety and professionalism of nursing students needs to be improved. Education related factors were the major influencing factors. We suggest nursing educators take measures to improve attitudes toward patient safety and professionalism of nursing students while they are taking courses at school.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of home environment security of elderly dementia patients. Methods: Totally 303 caregivers of elderly people with dementia in Beijing, Hangzhou and Tianjin were selected and investigated using a self-designed questionnaire. Results: In terms of anti-falling precautions, the incidence of "no grab bars/ shower chair/ bath seat in the tub or shower", "the height of the bed being not adjustable or no mattress on the floor", "no bed rails", "no upholders when getting out of bed, such as bed table or chair" and "no night-lights/ sensor lights/ bedside lights/ flashlights for the elderly at night" in the houses of the elderly people who had falls was lower than that of those who didn't have falls (P<0.05). As to anti-losing measures, the incidence of unused covers over exit and door knobs in the houses of the elderly people who ever got lost was lower than that of those who had not experienced such adverse events (P<0.05). The top three significant problems in accident prevention included articles easily broken by the elderly (72.3%), dangerous things within the reach of them in the toilet (64.7%) and natural gas or smoke alarms not installed (52.5%). And as the duration of illness increased, their caregivers paid more attention to the environmental setting in the prevention of accidents (P<0.05). Conclusion: There are certain problems concerning the safety of the home environment of elderly people with dementia. Caregivers are supposed to adjust the house environment according to the severity and duration of the disease to the decline of the elderly's ability and ensure their safety.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of continuous nursing model of multi-disciplinary team in the vulnerable period of chronic heart failure. Methods: The study was conducted in a heart failure center of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan and a convenient sampling method was used. A total of 100 patients discharged from June to December 2017 were recruited and assigned to the control group by a convenient sampling method. Another 100 patients discharged from January to June 2018 were assigned to the experimental group. Patients in the control group received the routine continuous nursing and followed up by the heart failure specialized nurses. Patients in the experimental group received the continuous nursing provided by the multidisciplinary team including heart failure specialized physican, heart failure specialized nurse, pharmacist, dietitian, physical therapist, and social worker. The continuous nursing provided by the team included preparation before the discharge, follow up by Wechat and telephone when at home, and referral service when station was stable. Six months later, information of cardiac function, self-care ability, referrals to the community health center, re-hospitalization, and satisfaction between the two groups were compared. Results: Cardiac function and self-careability of patients in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of patients in the control group (P<0.001). The rate of community referrals in the experimental group was 41.0% which was significantly higher than 14.0% in the control group (P<0.05). The satisfaction rate of patients in the experimental group was 94.0% and it was also significantly higher than 83.0% in the control group (P<0.05). Besides, the re-hospitalization rate in the experimental group was 12.0% which was significantly lower than 25.0% in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The continuous nursing provided by the multi-disciplinary team can obviously improve the clinical outcomes and medical experience of patients.

Transitional care plays an important role in promoting breastfeeding. This article reviewed the content, form and evaluation of the transitional care for breastfeeding at home and abroad in order to provide references for the further implementation of transitional care for breastfeeding.

Objective: To understand the characteristics of Hospital-Associated Infection (HAI) with Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDRO) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and to provide evidence for prevention and control of HAI with MDRO. Methods: Prospective surveillance of HAIs with MDRO was performed from 2016 to 2018 in ICU. Descriptive analysis the incidence, strain composition and distribution of infection sites of HAIs with MDRO in ICU, comparing the composition of hospital infection sites and the distribution of different types of ICUs in different MDRO strains. Results: There were 197 cases of HAIs with MDRO in ICU from 2016 to 2018. The incidence of HAI was 2.73% and 5.40‰/1000-hospitalization day. CRAB was the most common MDRO in surgical, respiratory and cardiac surgery ICU. The most common MDRO strain in emergency ICU was CRE. ICU MDRO strain consisted of CRAB 59.39%, CRE 20.81%, CRPA 16.75%, MRSA 3.05%. The HAIs of MDRO were mainly in respiratory system, bloodstream, and wound. The HAIs of CRAB, CRE and CRPA mainly occurred in the respiratory system. The infection of MRSA was mainly caused by bloodstream infection. CRE was common in urinary tract infections. Conclusion: ICU is a high-risk department for MDRO. According to the characteristics of HAI, targeted prevention and control measures should be taken, especially the monitoring and prevention of key strains and sites.

The development of mobile health (mhealth) APP provides a new way for diabetes management. This study describes the current situation of the quality of mhealth APP designed for diabetes management from three aspects including function, usability and safety, and summarizes the development of relevant assessment tools to provide references for improving the quality of diabetes mhealth APP in China and creating localized evaluation tools.

This review summarized the development of home visits, the composition of staff, the timing of visits, the responsibilities and duties, the application effects and the challenges faced by dialysis patients, in order to provide a basis for establishing a unified home visit model for home dialysis patients.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of PICC catheter misplacement rate in the neonatal surgery department, and provide references for better catheterization in the future. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the catheterization of 208 neonates in our hospital from 2017 to 2018, and analyzed the relevant factors using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The rate of PICC catheter misplacement in the neonatal surgery department was 16.83%. The regression analysis showed that thoracic diseases were the risk factors of catheter misplacement, and the rate of successful catheterization could be increased by inserting through the right basilic vein. Conclusion: Basilic vein is preferred for intravenous catheterization in the neonatal surgery department, and it is easier to reach the target position by inserting the catheter from the right side. For children with thoracic diseases, 1-2 alternative peripheral blood vessels of different sites should be prepared before puncture in case of need.

Objective: Based on the Delphi method, an integrated oral motor interventions was constructed by combining Hwang's 5 min oral motor interventions and Boiron's 2 min oral support, and to explore the effects of intervention on oral feeding ability, growth and development of preterm infants. Methods: A total of 28 experts were invited to conduct two rounds of Delphi expert consultation to construct the integrated oral motor intervention. The 144 included preterm infants were randomly divided into integrated oral motor interventions group (IOMIs group), oral motor interventions group (OMIs group) and the control group, and there were 48 cases for each group. The cases in the control group were with the routine developmental supportive care, the cases in IOMIs group were with the integrated oral motor interventions, and the cases in OMIs group were with Fucile oral motor interventions on the base of routine nursing care. The Preterm Infant Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the oral feeding ability of preterm infants in three groups, the initial time of oral feeding was recorded, and the body weight was monitored every day. Results: The score of oral feeding ability at the 7th day and the 10th day after admission for the cases in the IOMIs group was higher than the score of those in the control group (P<0.05), there were more infants with oral feeding in the IOMIs group compared with the control group (P<0.05). The weight gain rate of cases in IOMIs group at the 16th day was higher than that of OMIs group and control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The integrated oral motor interventions could not only save time, but also improve the oral feeding ability, promote the growth and development of preterm infants, and it is worthy of clinical application.

This paper reviews the concept and evaluation indicators of quality of dying and death, as well as assessment tools of quality of dying and death and their applications for terminally ill patients in ICU. Nursing interventions on improving the quality of dying and death for those patients are also summarized. It is suggested that medical staff should pay attention to the quality of dying and death for terminally ill patients in ICU and develop culturally appropriate assessment tools. These will lay foundation for developing palliative care and improve quality of dying and death for terminally ill patients in ICU.

Objective: To investigate the effects of nurse involved in aid decision-making in informed consent for intravenous thrombolytic patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods: Patients with acute cerebral infarction and their families in the emergency green channel in one hospital in Suzhou from October 2015 to July 2018 were included, and 220 cases from October 2015 to August 2017 were selected as the control group, another 208 cases from September 2017 to July 2018 were selected as the intervention group. The patients and their families in the intervention group were with the nurse involved in decision-making assistance program, while those in the control group were with the traditional health education. The time to complete informed consent and the score of decision dilemma scale were compared between the two groups. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in the time of informed consent and the score of decision dilemma scale during intravenous thrombolysis (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nurse involved aid decision-making is benefit to decrease the decision-making time for treatment measure of thrombolysis patients and their families, and to reduce the decision-making dilemma for them, and nurse involved in aid decision-making is helpful to balance the information needs of patients and their families and the time urgency of thrombolysis treatment.

This article reviews the types and causes of chronic pain in the elderly, management status, self-management and chronic pain self-management concepts, factors affecting chronic pain self-management in the elderly, and common self-management strategies for chronic pain in the elderly, in order to provide a reference for the self-management of chronic pain in the elderly, and provide some thoughts for future research.

Objective: To investigate the glucose levels after treatment of mild-to-moderate hypoglycemia in hospitalized diabetic patients and to analyze the related factors of glucose levels. Methods: Totally 88 hospitalized diabetic patients who met the inclusion criteria were surveyed retrospectively. The clinical characteristics and the blood glucose (BG) levels at different time after initial treatment were collected, and the related factors were also analyzed. Results: In the total 186 hypoglycemic events, the incidence of BG<3.0 mmol/L at the time of occurrence, BG>3.9 mmol/L, BG>5.6 mmol/L and BG≤3.9 mmol/L after 15 minutes, 1 hour and 1-2 hour of the treatment were 17.2%, 73.7%, 64.5%, 9.7%, and 7.1% respectively. The main related factors of the hypoglycemic effect included the time of hypoglycemia, the BG level at the time of occurrence, and whether insulin is used. Conclusion: Dietary guidance on mild–to-moderate hypoglycemia with hospitalized diabetic is insufficient. More attention should be paid for the related factors of blood glucose levels after treatment, included the time of hypoglycemia, the level of blood glucose at the time of occurrence, and whether the insulin is used.