Virtual Reality technology is widely used in military, aviation, medicine, education, entertainment and other fields due to its characteristics of interactivity, immersion and imagination. This paper reviewes and summarizes the application and research progress of Virtual Reality technology in medical and nursing fields, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of Virtual Reality technology, and then provides references for medical staffs.

Objective: To design a Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) early mobilization rehabilitation system based on Virtual Reality technology, in order to meet the individualized rehabilitation needs of patients. The system included limb mobilization and cognitive training which were designed in the form of games to show the entertainment and visualization of the mobilization. Besides, the system can review the past trajectories and orientation during the mobilization. In addition, we investigated the acceptance of this system for patients in the RICU. Methods: A multi-disciplinary team designed and developed the respiratory ICU early mobilization rehabilitation system based on Virtual Reality technology. This system has four main functions, that was diverse forms of mobilization based on muscle strength, the integration of exercise and cognitive training, the visualization of the mobilization process and the record of the mobilization track. From January to May 2019, fifty-five RICU patients from a tertiary hospital in Beijing were selected using the convenient sampling method. Those patients were investigated about their acceptance of this system by using a questionnaire adapted from a technical acceptance model. Results: The over all average score of acceptance of the patients was (84.91±11.60) with the highest score of 105. Conclusion: This rehabilitation system improves the limitations of traditional rehabilitation mobilization. It can increase the enthusiasm and mobilization adherence of patients in RICU. Besides, it can improve the mobilization effects and patients have higher acceptance of the system which is available to be promoted to other hospitals.

Objective: To explore the application effect of Immersive Virtual Reality technology in experiment teaching of intravenous injection. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted and 125 students from the class of 2017 from a university were divided randomly into the experimental group (n=62) and the control group (n=63). Immersive Virtual Reality (the experimental group) and Non-immersive Virtual Reality (the control group) were compared under the trinity teaching mode of "real person training + model assistance + virtual training". Results: The post-test scores of the two groups were significantly higher than the pre-test scores after intervention, the performance of the experimental group is better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Students were generally satisfied with immersive teaching technology. The dimension scores of critical thinking and clinical reasoning and clinical learning in the experimental group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Immersive Virtual Reality technology improves students' mastery of teaching content, and students' satisfaction with virtual experience is high. Immersive Virtual Reality technology has a good application prospect in the field of nursing experiment teaching.

In order to meet the increasing rehabilitation needs of cancer patients, a cognition assessment and rehabilitation system based on Virtual Reality (VR) technology for cancer patients was developed. This VR system overcomes the limitations of traditional cognitive assessment and rehabilitation training, which are lack of fun, unmet individual needs, and low ecological validity. This VR cognition assessment and rehabilitation system includes three modules: cognitive assessment, cognitive rehabilitation intervention and cognitive function evaluation. A preliminary application was performed in 21 participants to test the stability and safety of this system. The results showed that the participants can complete the cognitive rehabilitation tasks in the virtual environment freely and comfortably. Compared with the traditional format assessment such as paper and pencil-based format, the participants prefer to use VR for cognitive assessment. And there were no adverse events happened related to VR equipment. Therefore, applying VR technology to cognition assessment and rehabilitation for cancer patients is feasible, acceptable and safe, but future research is needed to examine the effectiveness of this VR cognitive assessment and rehabilitation system for cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the effect of family-based Advance Care Planning on dignity, quality of life and quality of death of patients with terminal cancer. Methods: Totally 88 end-stage tumor patients were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=43) and the control group (n=45). Routine care was offered to patients of the control group while patients in the experimental group received family-centered Advance Care Planning on the basis of routine care. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to compare the quality of life and dignity of the two groups before intervention, one month after intervention and two months after intervention. Besides, T-test was used to compare the 10 core factors and total scores of optimal death in the two groups of patients after intervention. Results: The between-group effect, time effect and interaction effect of the difference of life quality and dignity scores between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). After intervention, statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the 10 core factors and total scores between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The family-centered Advance Care Planning can effectively enhance the dignity level of patients with terminal cancer and improve their quality of life as well as the quality of death.

Objective: To investigate the stigma status and its influencing factors among people living with Parkinson's Disease. Methods: Totally 181 patients with Parkinson's Disease were included by convenience sampling in the current study, and questionnaires were used to collect patients information, including the general demographic form, the 24-item Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI), Modified Hoehn & Yahr grading scale (H-Y), Psychosocial Adjustment Scale for Parkinson's disease (PAS) and Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), to explore the levels and influencing factors of stigma. Results: The mean total score on stigma for patients with Parkinson's Disease was 55.41±11.33. The multiple regression analysis result showed that patients' marital status, age, duration of disease, motor subtypes, self-attitude towards life and social support were potential influencing factors of stigma, which explained 47.8% of the total variance. Conclusion: There was stigma in patients with Parkinson's Disease. Health care providers should pay more attention to the influencing factors of stigma in patients with Parkinson's Disease and develop tailored intervention to reduce stigma.

Objective: To analyze the effect of empathy training on the emotion expression regulation of guardians for schizophrenic patients. Methods: Sixty guardians for schizophrenic patients were randomly divided into the intervention group (30 cases) and the control group (30 cases). The control group received routine guidance, and the intervention group received empathy training on the basis of routine guidance, 40 minutes each time, 5 times in total. The Chinese versions of Camberwell Family Interview (CFI-CV) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI-C) were used to evaluate the effects before and after the intervention. Results: The incidence of high emotional expression in guardians for schizophrenic patients was 51.7%. Scores of criticism and emotional over-intervention in high emotional expression after the intervention both were significantly lower than those before the intervention (P<0.05) for the intervention group. Meanwhile, those two scores after the intervention were significantly lower for the intervention group than those of the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the total IRI-C score and scores of all dimensions of IRI-C after the intervention were significantly higher than those before the intervention (P<0.05) for the intervention group. Moreover, the scores for IRI-C and its dimensions after the intervention were significantly higher for the intervention group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Empathy training can effectively improve the empathy ability of guardians for schizophrenic patients and reduce the occurrence of their high emotional expression.

Objective: To revise Family Adaptation Scale, which was developed by Antonovsky based on the McCubbin's definition of family adaptation, and to test the validity and reliability of the scale in families of patients in old age with moderate to severe dementia. Methods: The Family Adaptation Scale was translated based on Brislin translation model, and enriched based on McCubbin's definition of family adaptation in 2001. Six experts were invited to further revise the scale and evaluate the content validity. A total of 215 families of patients with moderate to severe dementia were enrolled to test the construct validity and reliability of revised Chinese version of the Family Adaptation Scale. Results: The revised Chinese version of the Family Adaptation Scale included 15 items. The S-CVI was 1.00, and each I-CVI was 1.00. Three factors (family's interpersonal relationships, family's structure and function, family's relationship to the community and the natural environment) were extracted from items by the factor analysis via the maximum orthogonal rotation, the cumulative contribution rate was 71.404%. Cronbach's α coefficient for the scale was 0.951, Cronbach's α coefficient for three dimensions was 0.901, 0.885, 0.860. Split-half reliability for the scale was 0.930, and 0.916, 0.866, 0.861 for each dimension. Conclusion: The revised Chinese version of the Family Adaptation Scale has good validity and good reliability which can be used to evaluate the family adaptation level of the family of dementia patients in old age in China.

Objective: To investigate the average number of employees per 100 beds and the number of various types of personnel at various levels, and to analyze the related factors of the manpower allocation in embedded small-scale multi-functional pension institutions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei communities. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the manpower allocation of 189 elderly care institutions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from April to June 2019. Results: The average number of employees per 100 beds was 25.7 (16.0, 38.1), the number of workers was 4.0 (1.6, 10.1), the number of caregivers was 13.3 (8.8, 21.0), the number of professional and technical personnel was 4.3 (2.0, 10.0), the number of social workers was 0 (0, 1.0), and the number of volunteers was 2.8 (0, 53.3) in the community embedded small-scale multi-functional elderly care institutions. The multiple linear regression results showed that the influencing factors of the average number of employees per 100 beds in embedded small-scale multi-functional elderly care institutions included bed utilization rate, the proportion of 70-79-year-olds, and the location of regions (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is a shortage of employees in the embedded small-scale multi-functional elderly care institutions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei communities. The pension institutions should be equipped with employees in a more reasonable way according to the utilization rate of beds and the proportion of the elderly aged from 70 to 90, so as to ensure the service quality and sustainable operation of the institution.

Objective: To investigate the level and influencing factors of Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life (QHRQOL) among elderly people in long-term care facilities. Methods: By convenience sampling, totally 484 elderly residents from 8 nursing homes in Tianjin were investigated with general information questionnaire, Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and Self-Efficacy Scale for Self-care (SESS). Results: The mean score of QHRQOL was 42.30±5.66 in elderly people from nursing homes. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that dental satisfaction, self-evaluation of oral status, oral health self-efficacy and whether received oral health education were influencing factors of QHRQOL (P<0.05). Conclusion: The QHRQOL of the aged in long-term care facilities is poor and needs to be improved. Improving the dental satisfaction, oral condition and oral health self-efficacy in the aged, and oral health education using physical model demonstrations will be benefit to improve the QHRQOL of elderly people in long-term care facilities.

Objective: To investigate the job burnout status of nurses and caregivers in nursing homes, and analyze the related factors of their burnout. Methods: Totally 39 nurses and 140 caregivers in 12 nursing homes of a company were selected using the convenient sampling method and investigated through questionnaires including the general information questionnaire with different versions for nurses and caregivers, and the Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory (CMBI). Results: The scores of lack of accomplishment, a dimension of CMBI were statistically different between the nurse group and the caregiver group (P<0.05) as well as the detection rate of job burnout (P<0.05). Besides, scores of CMBI of nurses in nursing homes varied with having kids or not which showed statistical difference when analyzed (P<0.05). And the scores of CMBI of caregivers in nursing homes varied with different age, marital status and professional qualifications, which showed statistical difference when analyzed. Conclusion: Job burnout of nurses and caregivers in nursing homes are significantly different, so it is necessary to pay more attention to them respectively and intervene as early as possible to reduce the occurrence of job burnout and ensure the quality of elderly care.

Based on the research results of workplace bullying at home and abroad, this paper summarizes and introduces the concept, characteristics, measurements and related variables of workplace bullying, and prospects the future research, so as to provide basis for further in-depth research and effective intervention.

Objective: To establish a deployment plan of nursing human resources in large general hospitals for the emergency treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and determine its effects so as to provide references for the emergency dispatch of nursing manpower in the treatment of infectious diseases in large medical institutions. Methods: A 'two-reserve, four-level' nursing human resources deployment plan for the emergency treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Pneumonia was developed, including establishing a special management team, assessing the demand of nursing manpower, deploying nursing manpower and dynamic monitoring and adjustment of the personnel assignment. Results: From January 16 to February 1 2020, the Nursing Department has reserved 200 nurses. These nurses were then divided into four levels according to the 'two-reserve, four-level' plan and 63 of them have been dispatched to the front line to join the emergency treatment. Conclusion: The 'two-reserve, four-level' nursing human resource deployment plan, although remains to be improved in the future, is helpful for efficient manpower scheduling during the outbreak of communicable diseases.

Objective: To analyze the job embedding status and influencing factors of ICU nurses. Methods: 196 ICU nurses in five tertiary grade A general hospital in Shenzhen were surveyed by the general questionnaire, Global Job Embeddedness Items (GJEI), Nurse Career Commitment Questionnaire and The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI). Results: ICU nurses' job embedding score was 21.52±2.81. Age, marital status, number of night shifts per month, nurses' professional commitment, and nursing work environment entered the regression equation, can explain 40.1% of the total variation. Conclusion: Nursing managers can intervene the influencing factors to improve the job embedding level of ICU nurses, so as to stabilize the ICU nurses.

Objective: Based on the Hospital Information System (HIS) platform, a nursing autonomous scheduling system with different willingness intensities was established and evaluated. Methods: The nursing autonomous scheduling system with different willingness intensities was designed based on HIS, and realized the autonomous shift scheduling by setting the type of shift, the number of shifts per day, the intensity of the willingness to arrange shifts, and empowering nurses to arrange shifts independently, then automatically generating shifts according to different needs of nurses. The average number of temporary shifts per week, nurses satisfaction with the scheduling and the efficiency of head nurses were compared before and after the application of the system. Results: After applying the shift scheduling system, the average number of temporary shifts per week decreased, the satisfaction of nurses with shifts increased from 70.54% to 90.89%, and the average time spent by head nurses decreased from (1.10±0.23) h to (0.39±0.15) h, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nursing autonomous scheduling system can meet the demand of nurses for different intensities, reduce the occurrence of temporary shifts, improve nurses' satisfaction with scheduling, and improve the efficiency of nursing management.

Objective: To explore the effect of "Shaping Sunshine Mentality" counseling program on loneliness and happiness of hematology nurses. Methods: A total of 59 nurses from the hematology department of atertiary grade A hospital were recruited by convenient sampling method. The baseline survey was completed before the programme using the UCLA Loneliness Scale and the General Well-Being Schedule. The baseline survey was conducted again 1 week, 3 weeks, 2 months, 6 months and 12 months after the programme. Results: The results showed that compared with the teaching day, there was no significant improvement in the loneliness of nurses at 1 week, 3 weeks, 2 months and 6 months after the teaching (P>0.05), but the happiness increased significantly (P<0.05), and the loneliness decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the happiness increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: "Shaping Sunshine Mentality" counseling program could significantly reduce the loneliness of nurses, improve their well-being, and has a certain long-term effect.

Ventilator alarm management can often directly affect the safety of patients.This paper makes a review about the ventilator alarm management status and the influencing factors of the alarm management, in order to promote safe and reasonable ventilator alarm management and to provide scientific referral for hospital managers.

This article reviews existing evidences related to the concept, framework and index content for stroke patients during rehabilitation, therefore, provides references for nursing quality evaluation and management in China.

Objective: To analyze the status quo of post-exposure prophylaxis among healthcare staff, and to explore strategies for improvement. Methods: The situation of exposed staff and occupational exposure, post-exposure treatment and related costs were investigated. Results: The incidence of occupational exposure was 1.34 times/100 beds·year, 91.84% was sharp-ended injuries. 59.18% of occupational exposure sources were known. 95.92% of occupational exposures had localized treatment. 63.27% of occupational exposures completed risk assessments in a timely manner, and 54.08% had follow-up records. Conclusion: The choice of appropriate examination and preventive measures after occupational exposure can reduce occupational infection. However, post-occupational post-exposure treatment compliance still needs to be strengthened.

Objective: To explore the application effect of internet technology in nursing of patients in breast daytime chemotherapy ward. Methods: A total of 10 nurses and 200 patients receiving chemotherapy in the day ward of the breast from October to December 2017 were set as the control group, meanwhile, a total of 10 nurses and 200 patients receiving chemotherapy in the day ward of the breast from October to December 2018 were set as the observation group. Patients in the control group were treated with routine nursing care in terms of admission, health education and medical record photocopying. Observation group patients in the control group on the basis of routine care, provide Internet technology. Results: The observation group was significantly better than the control group in terms of the patients' mastery of disease-related knowledge, the quality of day ward care, and the satisfaction of patients and nurses (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of Internet technology in the nursing of patients in the breast daytime chemotherapy ward can effectively improve the patients' mastery of disease-related knowledge, improve the nursing quality, the satisfaction of patients and nurses, and deepen the connotation of high-quality nursing services, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective: To design a triage information system of emergency department, and evaluate the application effect on emergency process improvement. Methods: To solve the exited prominent management problems in emergency department, the management model was improved with a triage information system. Results: The waiting time of 100% triage category I and category II patients, 96.6% triage category III patients and 89.1% triage category of IV patients was less than they should. The overall satisfaction of the patients with the environment and medical treatment process increased from 85.0% to 92.8%. Job satisfaction of emergency medical staff increased from 82.0% to 91.1%. Conclusion: The improving of emergency process with the triage information system was benefit to improve the quality of emergency management.

Objective: To develop a nurse training management system with Access database, in order to standardize nurse training management and realize training management informatization. Methods: The nursing staff post management standards, standardized training manual, hierarchical core competency training content, specialist nurse training and other content were programmed and integrated through Access database to form a systematic and integrated information management platform. By using regional network cloud disk and other technical support, hospital nurse training management was conducted. Results: The nurse training management system has information input, modification, deletion, query and statistical screening functions. The software system simplified the tedious manual training management. During the 8 months trial, running was in stable condition. After use of the platform, it was more timely and accurate than that of the former training quality supervision and personnel information, with shorter time and more accurate data analysis. Nurses and nursing managers' satisfaction with the system was improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nurse training management system can realize the information management, the three-level training management indicators monitoring is timely, the system data analysis supports the nursing training decision-making, and effectively improve the management efficiency.

Objective: To design and develop an early activity information management system based on multidisciplinary team collaboration for critically ill patients, and evaluate the application effects. Methods: The early activity information management system was designed to realize the early activities risk assessment, the early warning and reminder function, monitor the whole process, and closed-loop management. The application effects before and after the use of the system were assessed. Results: After the application of the information system, the average time point performing first activity risk assessments for critically ill patients was advanced from 18.27±4.00 hours to 7.72±3.42 hours after their admissions to ICU; the average time point implementing first activity was advanced from 29.35±3.92 hours to 19.34±3.87 hours after their admissions to ICU; the incidence of sports-related adverse events was reduced from 1.491‰ to 0.185‰; and the rate of unplanned interruption of activity was reduced from 8.930‰ to 2.215‰. All these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Multidisciplinary team members were highly satisfied with the system. Conclusion: The application of early activity information management system has achieved precise, timely and complete early risk warning control and closed-loop management of early activities, which can improve the work efficiency of multidisciplinary team members and effectively ensure the patients' safety.

Objective: To explore the effects of Hospital-Community-Family ternary linkage nursing model in the rehabilitation training of patients suffered from Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) accompanying with Neurogenic Bladder. Methods: The Hospital-Community-Family management team consists of the hospital education group, community nurses and the home care nurses. From the orthopedic apartment of one hospital, 80 patients suffered from SCI with NB were selected. Totally 40 patients were included in the control group, treated with traditional nursing care. The other 40 patients were included in the observation group, treated with new nursing model. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in the accuracy of intermittent catheterization execution, the compliance of drinking plan execution, the execution rate of recording urination diary for 7 continuous days in control and the number of patients who resumed spontaneous urination respectively (P<0.01) . The incidence of urinary complications were significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Hospital-Community-Family ternary linkage continuous nursing care enabled patients who suffered from SCI and NB to build up more specified bladder training methods, reduce the incidence of complications, maximize the recovery of spontaneous urination and improve the patients' quality of life.

Objective: To explore the effects of contracted services of family physicians on self-perceived burden and psychological status of stroke patients in a community. Methods: A total of 116 patients with stroke were randomly divided into the observational group and the control group. 52 patients in the observational group received individualized behavior intervention by contracted services of family physicians. Another 64 patients in the control group received routine care. A series of questionnaires including Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI), Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the effects of the intervention on self-perceived burden and psychological status of the patients. Results: Six months after the intervention, the scores of SPBS (24.43±4.04) and each dimension in the observational group were significantly lower than those in the pre-intervention (39.12±4.46) and the control group (31.48±4.21) (F=179.82, t=9.1326, P<0.05). Six months after the intervention, the scores of SAS (26.57±6.81), SDS (28.74±6.87) and mRS (1.93±0.45) in the observational group were lower than those in the pre-intervention [(53.14±7.26), (52.25±9.53), (3.81±0.65)] and the control group [(34.33±7.75), (35.55±8.38), (2.44±0.53)], and the BI scores (68.99±8.43) were higher than those in the pre-intervention (36.26±8.83) and the control group (60.38±7.72), and all the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The worse the family function is, the heavier the self-perceived burden of patients with stroke have. The community-based contract services of family physicians has good effects on rehabilitation of patients with stroke. It can reduce the self-perceived burden of patients, improve their limb function and psychological status, and increase their daily living ability. The contacted services of family physicians can be promoted.

This paper reviews the application and influencing factors of family-integrated care Model in adult patients in ICU. The implementation methods of family-integrated care model are elaborated from the following four aspects, visiting patients, information sharing, participating in decision-making and participating in nursing care. The influencing factors are analyzed from the following three aspects, medical staff, family members, and professional practice environment and resources of ICU. It aims to provid reference for further application of family-integrated care model in ICU.

Objective: To investigate the current status of the medication belief of inhaled drug use in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed in this study. Patients with COPD in the Respiratory Departments of three hospitals in Changsha, Hunan were investigated by using General Information Questionnaire, Medication Belief Questionnaire and COPD knowledge Questionnaire. Results: 166 patients finished the questionnaires. The score of medication belief was 38.77 ± 8.38, and the score of four dimensions were perceived medicine efficacy (7.13±1.53), perceived medicine necessity (13.01±3.89), medicine concern (13.33±3.02) and medicine convenience (5.31±1.85). The multiple liner regression analysis showed that health literacy, household income and duration of disease were the influencing factors of medication belief of inhaled therapy in COPD patients, which can explain 35.5% of total variation. Conclusion: The medication belief of inhaled therapy in COPD patients was low. Medical staffs should take targeted measures to improve patients' medication belief and compliance.

Objective: To explore the experience and medical needs of caregivers of children with imperforate anus. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted on ten caregivers of children with imperforate anus. Theme analysis was employed. Results: Five themes regarding caregiver reactions emerged from the data, namely, negative psychological experience (difficulties in accepting the disease, guilty for the sick children, role strain of caregivers, perception of stigma and concealment of the disease); caregiver burden (financial burden, impact on health, disturbance to daily life, lack of family support, influence on social relationships); worries about the prognosis and the growth of the sick children (uncertainty about the prognosis and the worries about the quality of life and the mental health of the sick children); benefits from disease care (positive psychological hint, positive adaptation and acceptance, being more active in searching for medical information, perceiving social support, achieving self-growth); the desire to get more support from medical staff (needs for professional support and psychological support, the expectation for various communications). Conclusion: A multidisciplinary medical team is needed to enhance the communications between caregivers and the medical staff, so as to decrease the negative psychological experience of caregivers and improve their perception towards benefits from disease care.

Objective: To analyze the longitudinal changes of life-space mobility in elderly patients before and after PCI. Methods: Totally 102 elderly patients who underwent PCI in Shanghai were selected using convenient sampling method. The the Life-Space Assessment-China (LSA-C) questionnaire were applied. Results: The repeated measurement variance showed that time had an effect on the outdoor activities of living space, activities within the community, activities in neighboring streets or villages, other streets or villages in the city, and the total score of living space respectively (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the total scores of preoperative and postoperative follow-up (P>0.05). However, there was statistically significant difference between the results of preoperative and postoperative first follow-up visits in activity dimensions of other streets or towns (P<0.05). The postoperative changes were compared between the total scores of the second and third follow-up visits and the first postoperative follow-up visits. The results showed that the differences were statistically significant respectively (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences between outdoor activities and the activity dimensions of villages and towns near the community respectively (P<0.05), but no statistically significant differences in other activity dimensions (P>0.05). Conclusion: Patients with PCI surgery have short hospital stay and small impact on living space. Postoperative living spaces enter the growth period after the second month, and reach a plateau in the fourth month, which mainly include the outdoor activities and activities of villages and towns near the community. However, from the perspective of activity growth, patients need to be encouraged to increase activity in postoperative exercise.

Balance impairment leads to an increased risk of falls in patients with COPD, which seriously affects their quality of life and prognosis. This paper describes the adverse effects of balance impairment on patients with COPD, and introduces the related factors, assessment tools and intervention measures of balance impairment in patients with COPD, in order to provide references for patients to develop effective falls prevention strategies and balance intervention measures.

Objective: To explore the effect of nurse-led grading management of dysphagia on stroke patients in neurology department. Methods: Stroke patients recruited were divided into the control group and the observation group. Aside from routine nursing as offered to the control group, the grade management of dysphagia led by nurses was carried out in the observation group. And finally a multi-disciplinary team was introduced to provide grading nursing intervention to patients in accordance with their conditions. Results: The total effective rate of swallowing function recovery in the observation group (87.96%) was higher than that of the control group (73.76%) (P<0.05). Compared with the control group (12.18±2.13 days/32.30%), the average time and rate of indwelling gastric tube in the observation group were lower (9.86±1.48 days/22.80%) (P<0.05). The satisfaction degree of the observation group (97.6%) was higher than that of the control group (93.1%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The grading management of swallowing disorders over stroke patients led by nurses in neurology department can help identify high-risk patients in an early stage, thus timely and effective intervention will be offered to avoid unnecessary indwelling of gastric tube and improve the swallowing function as well as satisfaction of patients.

This paper aims to review the chronic pain assessment tools for children with cerebral palsy, and to propose clinical practice recommendations, in order to provide a reference for the dynamic monitoring of chronic pain progression in children with cerebral palsy.

The Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) risk prediction tools can be used to identity the high risk patients, which is important to apply appropriate preventive measures. The risk factors and risk prediction tools for Venous Thromboembolism in children were reviewed in this article. It is expected to provide information for early detection of high risk of thrombosis in pediatric patients and then to take effective preventive measures.

This paper summarized the definition, mechanism, prevention of Paralytic Ileus after spinal surgery. It is aimed to provide evidence for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for spinal surgery patients.