This article summarized research progresses on infusion therapy nursing practice, including standardization and procedures for infusion nursing, infusion practices and techniques, patient safety, patient comfort, specialist team, and multi-disciplinary cooperation. The article also proposed the development direction in the future.

Objective: To investigate the current status of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) application among 147 tertiary Grade A hospitals in China. Methods: Totally 147 hospitals in 27 provinces (cities) were investigated from March to May, 2013 by a questionnaire designed by Chinese Nursing Society Intravenous Treatment Nursing Specialized Committee. Results: Among 147 hospitals, 146 (99.3%) have applied the technology of PICC. Ninety hospitals have applied the technology of Seldinger, and 101 hospitals have applied the technology of ultrasonic-guided Seldinger, accouting for 61.2% and 68.7%, respectively. However, only 89 hospitals set up PICC clinics. Imported, groshong and silicone catheter were used in 94.6%, 85.7% and 72.8% of the investigated hospitals, respectively. Totally 104 hospitals (70.7%)' disinfection scope was over 20cm. There was no regulation in 20.4% hospitals that blood return must be obtained to confirm that the PICC catheter was in the blood vessel before giving medication. Both of transparent semipermeable membrane (TSM)dressing and gause were widely used in 147 hospitals. Conclusions: More nursing needs should be met for the outpatients with PICC and the infection control should be stricter, and the method of confirming PICC catheter within the blood vessels is not standardized. Besides, differences between various catheters and the effects between different dressings should be explored in ordor to promote the development of infusion nursing.

Objective: To investigate the current usage status of disposable venous infusion sets and to provide reference for correct usage of disposable venous infusion sets. Methods: Totally 309 head nurses in 11 tertiary Grade A hospitals and 33 secondary hospitals in Shijiazhuang were recruited and investigated by questionnaires. Results: The usage rate of ordinary venous infusion sets in secondary hospitals was obviously higher than that in tertiary hospitals (P<0.05); while the usage rate of precision infusion sets was much lower than that in tertiary hospitals (P<0.05). The usage rate of precision infusion sets when infusing intralipid, chemotherapeutic drugs and Chinese medicine in secondary hospitals was obviously lower than that in tertiary hospitals (P<0.05). No lucifugal infusion device was used in 40% investigated departments in secondary and tertiary hospitals and only 10% investigated departments used infusion set without DEHP material. The habit and rules to choose infusion sets according to instruction of special drugs in tertiary hospitals were better than those in secondary hospitals but all hospitals were not instructed under special pharmacists. Conclusions: Secondary hospitals and teriary hospitals had different level problems in selecting and using venous infusion sets. The managers should strengthen training and inspection to ensure patients' safety.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of venous thromboembolism associated with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) among cancer patients, and to provide theoretical basis for prevention venous thromboembolism associated with PICC among cancer patients. Methods: We searched the related papers from the Web of Science, PubMed,Cochrane Library, OVID EBM Reviews, CNKI, Wan Fang Databases, CBM and VIP. The Stata 12.1 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: Six studies were included in the study. The sample size was 1277 with 253 cases in venous thromboembolism group and 1024 cases in control group. The incidence rate of venous thromboembolism associated with PICC was 19.81%. Meta-analysis showed that the risk factors were history of chemotherapy, diabetes, hypertension, COPD,and less activity. Conclusion: The risk factors of venous thromboembolism associated with PICC among cancer patients are history of chemotherapy, diabetes, hypertension, COPD, and less activity.

Objective: To explore the clinical application of intraatrial electrocardiogram-assisted Peripherally lnserted Central Catheter (PICC) tip positioning technology. Methods: Totally 1000 hospitalized patients were recruited from January 2015 to September and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group by random sampling method.The patients in two groups were catheterized using conventional method and the catheter tip position were determined by X-rays, while the experimental group added intra-atrial electrocardiogram assisted PICC tip positioning technology to position catheter tip. We compared the catheter heterotopia rate and the sensitivity of catheter tip located in the superior vena cava between the two groups. Results: The catheter heterotopia rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( 2= 30.548, P<0.001), while the sensitivity of catheter tip located in the superior vena cava had significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of intraatrial electrocardiogram-assisted PICC tip positioning technology could monitor PICC catheter depth change and reduce catheter heterotopia rate.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of couple-centered psychological intervention among elderly patients with breast cancer. Methods: Totally 84 elderly patients with breast cancer in our hospital from Jun 2014 to Jun 2015 were recruited and randomly divided into two groups with 42 patients in each group. The patients in the experimental group received psychological intervention with their spouses together, while the patients in the control group received psychological intervention alone. The family function, social support, anxiety and depression, and quality of life between the 2 groups were compared before and after intervention. Results: After intervention, cooperation, affection, intimacy scores and total score of family APGAR index (APGAR) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05) and the incidence rate of anxiety and depression in the experimental group was lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The score of subjective support, support utilization and total score of Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The score of FACT-G Selfrating Scale in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Couple-centered psychological intervention can improve the family function and social support of elderly patients with breast cancer, relieve their negative emotion, and increase their quality of life.

Objective: To investigate the current status of doctor-nurse cooperation and to analyze the influence of doctor-nurse cooperation on nurses' working involvement. Methods: Totally 309 nurses in a tertiary Grade A hospital were recruited using convenience sampling method from February to May in 2015 and investigated by a self-designed demographic questionnaire, Nurse-Physician Collaboration Scale (NPCS), and Utreeht Work Engagement Scale (UEWS).Results: The total score of NPCS was 91.20±15.89 with the mean score of 3.65±0.64. The total score of UEWS was 51.82±9.37 with the mean score of 3.46±0.62. Relationships between doctors and nurses, doctors and nurses participating in the decision-making process of medical treatment or care, patients' information exchange were the main influencing factors of nurses working involvement. Conclusion: Improving cooperation between doctors and nurses could enhance the level of nurse working involvement and provide better quality of care for patients.

Objective: To explore the structure of Adverse Events Risk Perception Scale and to test its reliability and validity among clinical nurses. Methods: The draft questionnaire was designed by semi-structure interview and open questionnaire survey, and then revised through Delphi Method and a preliminary test. The reliability and validity of the scale were tested among 917 nurses in Taian city. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software and AMOS 17.0 software.Results: A scale with three factors and 20 items was identified by using item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. These three factors could explain 60.374% of the variance. The overall content Validity Index (CVI) was 0.91, while the CVI for each item was ranged from 0.71 to 1.00. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit of the model to the data based on various fit indices (χ2/df=2.427, GFI=0.936, AGFI=0.917, RMSEA=0.049, NFI=0.915, CFI=0.948, IFI=0.948).Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the the three dimensions of adverse events risk perception included patient care risk, system process risk, and nurse operation risk. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.939 and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each factor was all above 0.7. The correlations of the scores between each item and the total scale were ranged from 0.46 to 0.77 (P<0.01). Conclusion: The multi-dimensional structure of adverse events risk perception indicates the characteristics of this nursing service. The Adverse Events Risk Perception Scale is reliable and valid, and can be used to measure adverse events risk perception among clinical nurses.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of nursing projects supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), and to provide reference for nursing scholars. Methods: We searched for nursing projects supported by NSFC from the website of NSFC, Medsci, Baidu, Sougou and analyzed the related information. Results:NSFC began to support nursing projects from 2006. The number of funded projects showed an upward trend and totally 53 projects and ￥19,540,000 were funded to nursing projects. The funded projects were applied by staffs from 26 institutions,including 23 universities and 3 large general hospitals. The major areas of the funded projects were comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases, Chinese medicine, prevention and control of major infectious diseases, nursing service and quality management. Conclusion: Although it has achieved striding development of nursing projects supported by NSFC, there are still large gaps compared with other medical disciplines. Therefore, nursing staffs should apply for NSFC actively to promote the success rate of nursing funds.

The nursing practice environment is defined as the organizational characteristics of a certain work setting which would facilitate or constrain professional nursing practice. It is a key factor which would influence the outcome on nurses and patients. A healthy nursing practice environment could cultivate nurses' professional behaviors, increase the patient satisfaction and reduce the rate of adverse events. A good scale could measure the nursing practicing environment effectively and could provide guidance for administrators to take measures to improve the practice environment.

Objective: To determine the impact of moral distress of nurse on professional identification in intensive care unit nurses. Methods: A total of 198 intensive care unit nurses were recruited from four level 3, grade A hospitals in Wenzhou by convenience sampling. The participants were investigated with Moral Distress Scale and Professional Identification Scale. The relationship between moral distress and professional identification of nurse was analyzed.Results: The total score of professional identification in intensive care unit nurses was (32.58±6.47). There were significant negative correlations between score of moral distress and score of professional identification in intensive care unit nurses.Regression analysis showed the factor scores of moral distress in nurse like value conflicts and individual responsibility could independently explain 28.6% of the variance for professional identification after controlling demographic variables.Conclusion: Clinical managers should focus on the shortcomings of moral distress in intensive care unit nurses, and take effective measures to improve the professional identification in intensive care unit nurses.

Objective: To investigate the current condition of Quality of Working Life and turnover intention among male nurses and analyze the correlation between them. Methods: Totally 628 male nurses were recruited by convenience sampling in 27 tertiary general hospitals in Guangdong province. They were investigated using the Quality of Nursing Work Life Scale (QNWLS) and Turnover Intention Scale. Results: Among the 628 male nurses recruited, the score of QNWL was (160.79±23.29). The score of turnover Intention was (15.80±3.35), and 83.3% of male nurses' turnover intention were high. Pearson correlation analysis showed that quality of working life was negatively correlated with turnover intention. Major influencing factors for male nurses to quit their jobs included working environment, career choice, work life balance, workload and affection for the department. Conclusions: Male nurses' quality of working life is fair. However,their turnover intention is relatively high. It is suggested that nursing administrators should improve male nurses' working environment, reduce workload and take other effective measures through the humanized management, in order to improve QWL of male nurses, to reduce the turnover intention of male nurses and to stabilize the team.

Objective: To investigate the present status of turnover intention and psychological contract in pediatric nurses, and analyze the relationship between them. Methods: A total of 358 pediatric nurses from 17 tertiary general hospitals in Xuzhou were investigated with Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) and Psychological Contract Questionnaire(PCQ). Results: The average scores of TIS and PCQ in pediatric nurses were 2.17±0.67 and 4.13±0.46, respectively. The score of staff responsibility was higher than that of organizational responsibility. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the organizational normative responsibility, organizational interpersonal responsibility and organizational development responsibility in psychological contract could be used to predict the turnover intention and independently explain 22.6% variation of their turnover intention. Conclusion: The pediatric nurses presented high turnover intention, and psychological contract may work as an important factor affecting their turnover intention.

Objective: To investigate the status of nurses' core competency and career management, and to analyze their relationship. Methods: A total of 459 nurses were recruited from 4 tertiary Grade A hospitals. They were investigated with the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse scale and the career management scale. Results: The total score of core competency was (154.88±32.00), and the total score of career management was (48.47±6.42). They were both at the middle level. Nurses' career management was positively correlated with their core competency (P<0.01). After controlling demographic variables, career goals and continue learning could positively predict the score of core competency.Conclusion: Strengthening career management is an effective way to promote the core competency of new nurses. Nurse managers and nurses themselves should take measures to strengthen their career management, so as to enhance their core competency and achieve a win-win situation for new nurses and the hospital.

Through analysis of the characteristics and existing problems in management of hazardous chemicals in Operating Rooms (OR), and the safety use of hazardous chemicals as the focus, the management mechanism of hazardous chemicals in the operation room is established. The management mechanism is composed of system, staff team, facilities and technical support system. Use the protocal of hazardous chemicals in operating rooms as the main line, highlight the risk management of management policy and procedures, establish a systematic, scientific, professional, and specific management of storage of hazardous chemicals in ORs. The implementation of the management system ultimately ensures the quality and efficiency of the operations.

In 2010, China formally established advanced nursing degrees, Master of Science of Nursing (MSN) in educational institutions. Many universities have done researches on MSN, but few of them are universities of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Moreover, it has not formed a systematic education model for universities of TCM. In conclusion, the purpose of this article,under the background of developing MSN, is exploring way of cultivating MSN in universities of TCM.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of anchored instruction in the course of Nursing Research for undergraduate nursing students. Methods: Anchored instruction was applied in the course of Nursing Research among 24 nursing undergraduates. The outcomes were evaluated by semi-structured interviews of 17 students. Results: Students reported that anchored instruction could improve their autonomous and active learning, facilitate their study of knowledge about research, guide their research ideas, and improve their comprehensive abilities. However, students also proposed some problems and suggestions in the implementation of anchored instruction, such as time pressure, insufficient communication among group members and different groups, unskilled application of knowledge. Conclusion: Compared with traditional instruction, anchored instruction has advantages in improving learning outcomes and students' comprehensive abilities, but also exists some problems. It is suggested to further optimize the implementation of anchored instruction.

Objective: To investigate and analyze the operation status of the network sharing course First Aid: Basics and Techniques which has been established at the spring and summer term 2015. To summarize the teaching effects and address existing problems, hence to further improve the course constructions. Methods: We conducted an online survey to total 18049 students who selected this course. The survey included the curriculum satisfaction, curriculum evaluation and faceto-face class operation evaluation. Results: The survey results showed a great satisfaction (>89%) among the students at the course constructions, curriculum evaluation and face-to-face class operation. Conclusions: The network sharing class teaching is suitable for the course First Aid: Basics and Techniques; this teaching method could achieve satisfied teaching effects. A sophisticated teaching management and well-arranged course constructions could further improve the value of the course.

Objective: To analyze the out-patients satisfaction,and to explore ways to better service by combining Hospital Customers Satisfaction Index model (HCSI) model and gap analysis. Methods: We designed a questionnair according HCSI model and gap analysis and conducted the survey among 3618 out-patients in a teriary Grade A hospital.We discussed the improving strategies by gap analysis. Results: The average score of out-patients' satisfaction was 8.48.Patients had high expectation and loyalty, and they were satisfied with the diagosis and treatment skills. By gap analysis,waiting time and additional service were the two dimensions with biggest gap. Conclusion: HCSI model and gap analysis are useful tools to find out service gaps and could provide uselful improvement suggestions to better hospital management and service.

Objective: To solve the information limitations of the traditional patient list which need nurses fill out by hand, and to explore the patient list intelligent system for clinical application and to evaluate its validity. Method: Patient list intelligent system connect with HIS, mobile nursing information system in real-time, dynamically updates patient's demographic information and doctor orders through a wireless network. Results: Since patient list intelligent system is used in gynecology and obstetrics department,nurses can save 30 seconds to 1 minute per patient per day to update information;patient medical information can be updated in real time to ensure data accuracy. Conclusions: patient list intelligent system can improve the efficiency, benefits the management of high-risk patients , and provide basic data for nursing administrators.

Objective: To observe the application effect of the venous thromboembolism reporting system based on information technology. Methods: We have established venous thromboembolism report by group interviews in our hospital from June to December 2014, connecting with the hospital information management system by computer, and formatting the effective reporting system and quality control system. In the last, we did effective training of nursing staff in the hospital. The venous thromboembolism reporting system was operated by computer, which was officially launched in our hospital in January, 2015. Results: Venous thromboembolism reporting system could obviously increase the ability in our hospital nursing staff in VTE prevention and the management of VTE (knowledge and correct rate of operation skills had been improved significantly, P<0.05). Conclusion: The system can improve the management level of prevention and treatment of thrombosis, reduce the pain of patients, and provide data and basis for the relevant health management departments to develop related measures and systems.

Objective: To explore the effect of continuous nursing based on WeChat public platform on the self management ability of patients with PICC. Methods: 200 patients with PICC are randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group (n=100). The control group receives traditional way of routine clinical maintenance and regular oral education. While the experimental group follow the WeChat public account that specially developed on Wechat platform and get continuous nursing in new models,such as internet health education,which includes multi-dimensional nurses-patients communication and continuous follow up appointments. After three months of the study, we compares selfmanagement ability, patients knowledge and incidence of PICC related complications between the two groups of patients.Results: The scores of self-management ability in the experimental group is 150.61±10.21, the difference from control group is statistically significatn with P<0.01; knowledge score in the experimental group is 141.98±12.50 and there is significant difference statistically with P<0.01. The incidence of PICC related complications is significantly lower than the control group, the difference is statistically significance with P<0.01. Conclusion: The continuous nursing based on WeChat public platform is convenient, efficient, economic and effective, which is highly recommended.

Objective: To explore and analyze the current research status and development trend of community health education among hypertension patients from 2005 to 2015. Methods: CNKI, WanFang database and VIP database were searched for literatures on this field from January 2005 to November 2015. The growth of the literature, publication distribution, core journals, key words, etc. were analyzed with bibliometric approach. Results: Totally 911 articles were retrieved. The related articles increased yearly. And 167 articles (18.33%) were published in core journals and there were only 3 funds-supported articles. The top three provinces where the first authors came from were Jiangsu, Guangdong and Zhejiang. The primary study types were experimental study and quasi-experimental study. Elderly, quality of life and complication were the three most frequently used key words. Conclusion: Researches on community health education for hypertension patients has become a hot topic and achieved some advances. However, the researches should be enhanced in remote areas. It is necessary to improve the quality of research design and the number of qualitative research. Besides, the researchers need to pay more attention to the new trend of hypertension, pre-hypertension population, the application of TCM and the evaluation system in this field.

Transitional care plays an important role in the health of patients with hypertension.This article reviews the content, form and effect of the continuous care of hypertension, in order to provide references for the further implementation of continuing care for hypertension patients.

Objective: To construct a hospice care model and evaluate its effect on terminal stage patients in general hospitals. Methods: In order to construct the hospice care model in general hospitals, we redefined the organizational structure and their responsibilities, provided a training program on hospice care knowledge, developed a work system,established entry conditions, principles, service contents and service procedure, and monitored quality of care. Results:After implemented the hospice care model, more than 80% of patients' needs were met, their family members' satisfaction rate was 91.5%, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The professional knowledge, service awareness,communication skills, team spirit and scientific research abilities of the hospice team members were higher than before(P<0.05). Conclusion: Construction and implementation of the hospice care model in general hospitals improved the ability of all team members, provided holistic care to terminal stage patients and their families, and consequently built the hospitals' brand image.

Objective: Analyze the risk factors for hospital acquired pressure ulcers in ICU patients. Method:Using self-designed information collection form and relative risk factors form, collect the clinical data pertaining ICU pressure ulcer from Oct of 2011 to Oct of 2013 in a tertiary Grade A hospital in Guangzhou, 468 patients were included,adopted Logistic Regression Analysis method to analyze ICU pressure ulcer risk factors. Result: Multiple Factors Logistic Regression Analysis revealed the following unique risk factors for ICU pressure ulcer: age, length of hospital stay, low Diastolic pressure, relatively low Albumin level, mechanical ventilation, incontinent of bowel and low Braden score (P<0.05).Conclusion: Interventions should be made on the timely fashion to high risk group, pay specific attention to the patients with following conditions: aging, lengthy hospital stay, low Diastolic pressure, low albumin level, mechnical ventilation,and incontinent of bowel. Also, pay attention to the accuracy and normalization of Braden Scale scoring.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of cluster nursing on acute pressure ulcers prevention among cardiac surgery patients with extracorporeal circulation. Methods: High pressure ulcer risk patients with Braden score 12 within 24h in ICU from Feb. to Aug. 2014 were recruited and reviewed as control group(62 cases), while the similar patients in ICU from Dec. 2014 to June 2015 were recruited as observation group (111 cases). The observation group received cluster nursing intervention. Results: In the control group, 15 patients, 2 patients and 1 patient developed level I , level II level III pressure ulcers , respectively, The pressure ulcer rate in the control group was 29.03%. In the observation group, only 6 patients developed level I pressure ulcers. The pressure ulcer rate in observation group was 5.41%. The differences of pressure ulcer rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Cluster nursing could decrease the incidence of pressure ulcers among high risk cardiac surgery patients with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Objective: To investigate the current practices of delirium assessment and analyze the perceived barriers among ICU nurses, and to provide reference to improve delirium assessment in ICU. Methods: A questionnaire survey was implemented among 256 ICU nurses in one hospital in Sichuan province. Results: 94.9% nurses had the experiences of caring delirium patients in ICU. Preferred methods for assessing delirium included clinical experience (80.5%), delirium assessment tools (14.5%), and psychiatric consultation (5.0%). The top three perceived barriers were difficulties in assessing intubated patients, assessing sedative patients and lack of delirium assessment knowledge. Nurses who assessed by clinical experience, who had never received related educations and who thought they had insufficient knowledge, had higher scores of barriers.Conclusion: The current practices of ICU delirium assessment were unsatisfying, and the main barriers were lack of skills and knowledge.

Through searching literatures related to thirst status in patients with Chronic Heart Failure, the authors analyzed and discussed the influence factors, evaluation and intervention methods of thirst in Chronic Heart Failure patients, and provide reference for nursing staff to relieve thirst in patients with Chronic Heart Failure.

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is widely used abroad in treating dementia at present. This article reviewed its application and effects as well as developments of CST in order to provide evidence for its application in China.

Case management, care management and care coordination are care delivery models adopted by the USA and the UK over the past four decades. In this article, a comparative study was conducted with a focus on their background,service methods, implement conditions and functions. At the end of the article, its revelation to us was discussed.

This paper builds upon empirical work on nonviolent communication between nurses and patients, focuses on four components of nonviolent communication: observation, feelings, needs and request. Incorporating nonviolent communication into nursing education could feasibly prevent future hardship as students advance their nursing careers.Hospitals could provide specialized courses of nonviolent communication skills to nurses, and set standard of applying nonviolent communication, in order to improve nurse-patient relations and build a harmonious medical environment.

One-time infusion of intravenous infusion is widely used in the clinical treatment. However, there are several security issues in the actual application process. Disposable PVC infusion material is the most popular one, which would easily absorb alcohol-soluble and fat-soluble drugs. This article reviews the absorption of different injection materials on circulatory system drugs, analgesics and sedatives, antibiotics, traditional Chinese medicine injection and biological products, aiming at ensuring a safe and effective medication adminstration.