Pressure ulcers has been a common problem faced by the global health care institutions, which seriously threat patients' life and health. Correct cognition and effective management of pressure ulcers was vitally important to prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. This article focused on the interpretation of the main update content of 2014 Edition Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Clinical Practice Guideline formulated jointly by EPUAP (European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel), NPUAP (National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel) and PPPIA (Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance), which included research and report of prevalence and incident, prevention, treatment of pressure ulcers, prevention and treatment of special populations, implementing guidelines. This article is to help nurses to get latest literature of pressure ulcers related topics, so as to enhance the pressure ulcers management level and efficiency and reduce the pain and burden of patients.

Medical Device Related Pressure Ulcer is being reported in literatures in recent years and accounts for certain percentage in Hospital-acquired Pressure Ulcers, thus getting more and more attention. The following is the nursing research review of Medical Device Related Pressure Ulcer in order to provide future references to clinical staff.

Objective: To evaluate the causes of medical device related pressure ulcer under the Colostomy Stoma and implement interventions accordingly. Methods: Investigate the possible reasons of 10 patients with medical device related pressure ulcer between April 2014 and December 2015, and making nursing plans accordingly, then observe the effects. Results: The reasons for the 10 patients with pressure ulcer were as follows: all of them using belt and two-piece chassis; six patients using convex chassis for stoma retraction; and for another four patients whose stomas were in poor position, one patient's stoma was under the right upper quadrant costal margin, while the other three's were too low; four patients had comorbidities; and two patients had diabetes. After the intervention according to the pressure ulcer guidelines,all pressure ulcers were healed, with healing time of 5-67 d, and the average time was 24.8 d. Conclusions: Pressure ulcer under stoma chassis was related to belt. We should assess chassis conditions and belt wearing time as well as tightness. And we can stablize the chassis to prevent the curling of the edge. When the patient's stoma was not in the optimum position,the enterostomal therapist could use eccentric circle tailor the chassis. At the same time, choosing appropriate dressing to debridement according to the stage and area of the pressure ulcer to enhance healing.

The primary focus of our wound care team is nurture characteristics,scientific research, featured brands, and team building. "4+1" model created platform for team members fulfill goals,promoted team members ability of specialized care, education and scientific research ability, and leadership skills. The successful use of this model in our hospital provided references for the current specialist nurse training and application. It also has significance to the development of specialized nursing care.

Objective: To understand Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients' information needs and their experiences of information-seeking in order to gather evidence to design information support program in future. Methods:We recruited and interviewed twenty IBD patients. The data were analyzed under the phenomenological approach. Results:Three categories were emerged from the data: demanding a large amount of information with a wide range of various topics;being difficult to get adequate effective and helpful information; emotion changing during information-seeking process(subcategories: information-seeking combined with anxiety and fear, avoiding negative information, being dying for positive information). Conclusion: A good quality educational resource should be provided for IBD patients for their demands for accurate and relevant information. This effort could be helpful for reducing IBD patients' negative emotion and stress.

Objectives: To systematically review the methodological quality of evidence-based guidelines on identification and management of stroke dysphagia, then to compare the differences and similarities of the contents of the included guidelines, and to provide references for evidence-based decision-making and the development of evidencebased guidelines. Methods: The methodological quality of included guidelines searched from websites and databases was evaluated according to the AGREE II instrument, and the differences and similarities between recommendations of included guidelines were compared. Results: A total of 5 evidence-based guidelines on identification and management of stroke dysphagia were included and they are all from abroad. To the overall quality, 2 of them were grade A and 3 of them were grade B. The average scores of guidelines in six domains of AGREE II were 90.00% (scope and purpose), 77.77%(stakeholder involvement), 77.08% (rigor of development), 85.93% (clarity of presentations), 52.78% (applicability), and 84.72% (independence), respectively. The recommendations of included guidelines were almost consistent. Conclusion:The overall quality of included guidelines was high. The lowest domain scores of "applicability" need to be improved.China's development of evidence-based guidelines in accordance with the standard of foreign AGREE II still have a certain gap, but there are still some high-quality foreign guidelines which could be tailored and implemented to the local context in order to improve the clinical quality of care.

Objective: To investigate the comprehensive functional assessment and its influencing factors among aged people of nursing homes in Fuzhou. Method: Totally 268 aged people of 16 nursing homes in Fuzhou were investigated about their comprehensive functional assessment and its influencing factors by the Older Americans Resoures and Services(OARS) scale and data was analyzed through descriptive method, non-parametric test and ordered logistic regression model by SPSS. Results: Excellent, general, and poor rates of the comprehensive functional assessment among the aged people were 35.4%, 47.4%,and 17.2%, respectively. The influencing factors were educational background, health examination, diseases, and income. Conclusion:The majority of health condition of aged people in nursing homes is general and education background, health examination, diseases, and income are influencing factors.

Objective: To investigate the career planning and management status among new nurses in 3 tertiary Grade A hospitals in Beijing. Methods: Totally 230 new nurses in 3 tertiary Grade A hospitals in Beijing were recruited from January to September, 2015 and investigated by the questionnaires, including demographic questionnaire, career management scale, and career planning scale. Results: The mean score of career management scale and career planning scale were 38.04 ± 7.86, and 35.12 ± 6.07, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the scores of total scale and each dimension of nursing career management were positive correlated to the scores of total scale and each dimension of the career planning (P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of the nursing career management were focusing on the relationship, establishing career goals and self-presentation (P<0.05), and the influencing factors of the nursing career planning were career information and promotion of fair (P<0.05). Conclusion: Career planning and management status among new nurses in Beijing has certain advantages and disadvantages. The nursing managers should build a more equitable and open platform of career information and promotion. Nurses also need to focus on the relationship, to establish career goals and to present themselves.

Objective: To investigate the Compassion Fatigue status among the nurses in oncology department, and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods: Totally 402 nurses in oncology department of 17 general hospitals from 3 provinces were surveyed with three questionnaires: the general information questionnaire, the Compassion Fatigue scale and the nurses' career cognitive status questionnaire. Results: The scores of the Compassion Satisfaction, the job burnout and secondary trauma stress among the nurses were (33.47±4.90), (25.97±4.51), and (28.54±3.44) respectively, which were all in a moderate Compassion Fatigue status. The professional cognition, health condition and gender have influence on the Compassion Fatigue (R2=0.220, F=38.723, P<0.001). The professional cognition, health condition, gender and social support have influence on the job burnout (R2=0.203, F=26.525, P<0.001). The professional cognition, health condition and social support have influence on the secondary trauma stress (R2=0.325, F=65.414, P<0.001). Conclusion: The nurses should strengthen the self management ability. As for administrators, they should evaluate this situation, and promote education and training on professional cognition and compassion for nurses with different characteristics in oncology department as well as improving workplace condition so that it would reduce compassion fatigue and improve the quality of oncology nursing fundamentally.

Objective: To determine the impact of nurse's performance for goal attainment on work engagement among orthopedic nurses. Methods: A total of 222 orthopedic nurses were recruited from three tertiary Grade A hospitals in Wenzhou by convenience sampling method. They were investigated with the Nurse's Performance for Goal Attainment Scale (NPGA) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Results: The total score of NPGA in orthopedic nurses was (162.7±18.8) and the total score of UWES in orthopedic nurses was (50.3±14.8). There was a significant positive correlation between the score of NPGA and the score of UWES. The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that the dimensions of independent decisions, promote patients' understanding and participation, and open-mind communication in the NPGA could independently explain 28.7% of the variance of work engagement after controlling demographic variables. Conclusion: Clinical managers should pay more attention to orthopedic nurses' performance for goal attainment, and take effective measures to improve their work engagement.

Objective: To investigate the depression level and the influencing factors among caregivers of adult leukemia patients, and to provide evidence for clinicians to implement individualized intervention. Method: Totally 207 adult leukemia patients and their primary caregivers were recruited by convenience sampling method in five tertiary grade A hospitals in Hangzhou and Ningbo, and were investigated using Center for Epidemiological Survey, Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: The depression level among caregivers of adult leukemia patients was high with the average CES-D score of (20.36±14.22). Totally 113 caregivers (54.59%) were depressive patients or might be depressed patients(CES-D score 16 points).The main influencing factors of caregiver depression scores were the patients' education background and the caregivers' education background, age, family monthly income, care time and having helpers or not.Conclusions: This study suggests that the depression among primary caregivers of adult leukemia patients is so serious that the medical staff should pay more attention to these population.

Objective: To explore the current status of breathlessness beliefs in COPD patients. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. By convenience sampling, a total of 147 outpatients with COPD in PUMC hospital were recruited in this study. The Chinese version of the Breathlessness Beliefs Questionnaire was used to detect the breathlessness beliefs in patients with COPD. Results: No significant difference in the average score of breathlessness beliefs was found between Chinese COPD patients and Dutch patients with respiratory diseases (P>0.05). The total scores of BBQ(t= -2.770, P=0.006) and the Somatic Focus domain scores of BBQ (Z= -2.889, P=0.004) showed that there is significant differences between stable phase and exacerbation, and there is no significant difference shown in the Activity Avoidance domain scores of BBQ (P>0.05). The total score of BBQ (F=7.762, P=0.001) and the Activity Avoidance domain scores of BBQ ( 2=16.468, P<0.001) showed that there is significant difference between different levels of dyspnea, and there is no significant difference shown in the Somatic Focus domain scores of BBQ (P>0.05). The total scores of BBQ (F=8.924,P<0.001) and the Activity Avoidance domain scores of BBQ ( 2=18.567, P<0.001) showed significant difference in different groups of BODE index, and there is no significant difference shown in the Somatic Focus domain scores of BBQ(P>0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference in the breathlessness beliefs between Chinese COPD outpatients and Dutch outpatients with respiratory diseases. The total scores of BBQ showed that there is no differences between stable phase and exacerbation in different levels of dyspnea and different groups of BODE index. Nurses should strengthen the management of dyspnea symptom of COPD patients in exacerbation period, and should take measures to intervene the breathlessness beliefs of COPD patients with lower scores of BODE index, especially when the patients are unwilling to take exercises.

Neonates are highly vulnerable to medication errors because of complex medical interventions in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), which can result in temporary or permanent harm. Based on the 10 risk factors of the safe medication use of Institute for Safe Medication Practices in USA (2011), we reviewed the medication risks and coping strategies within the NICU in China and aboard in order to enhance NICU nurses and administrators to design a safe and efficient NICU medication use system.

Objective: To evaluate the hierarchical transport mode to improve the safety and feasibility of the intrahospital transportation in critically ill patients, and to ensure the safety of critically ill patients. Methods: In the study,patients in the control group were treated with routine transportation method. In experimental group, the hierarchical mode of transportation was implemented, which includes the assessment on the patient's condition before transportation,classification of the patient's condition, transport personnel, transport equipment and medicines according to the condition of their grades. Results: The transit time of experimental group is shorter than the control group in the transit to the CT.And the difference in intensive care unit, the intervention room and the operation room time were statistically significant(P<0.05). However, the transmit time to the general ward did not show significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). Compared to the control group, the incidence rate of adverse events in the experimental group has significantly decreased. The incidence rate of adverse events related to the disease was 2.8% ( 2=6.19, P<0.05), to the transferring persons was 7.2% ( 2=4.94, P<0.05), and to the equipment was 3.9% ( 2=5.27, P<0.05). Conclusion: The hierarchical transport mode can reduce the incidence rate of adverse events. The safety of transport could be ensured and the transit time could be shorted by the hierarchical transport mode.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge of enteral nutrition guidelines among intensive care nurses in a three-level grade A hospital in Beijing. Method: Totally 60 ICU nurses were selected in one three-level grade A hospital using a self-developed questionnaire, which includes the patients' general condition and an enteral nutrition guidelines related knowledge questionnaire. Results: The average score of enteral nutrition guidelines related knowledge questionnaire was 16.9±2.3, accounting for 73.68% of the total score (22 points), which is in the middle level; the main influence factor of ICU nurses' knowledge was the level of education. Conclusions: The nurses' knowledge of enteral nutrition guidelines were in the middle level, the areas of residual gastric volume assessing, aseptic principles of nasal feeding and new technology should be strengthened.

To summarize the experience of four inter-hospital ECMO transfer. We highlighted the ECMO team members, responsibilities, management, the clinical indication of ECMO transfers, the team work and care instruction of internal ECMO circulation and transfers to critical ill patients. We considered that good ECMO team training, collaboration between disciplines, attention of details of the transport, can emergency prepareness and procedures reduce the potential risks of the transfer, especially pay attention to the complication and interventions during transfers. Think as long as there is enough power and gas source, ECMO patients transshipment is not restricted, for hope for treatment of critical patients,ECMO team to the scene quickly built the ECMO cycle and go to the superior hospital for further treatment, does give more patients with the hope of survival.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of body bathing with chlorhexidine solution on preventing catheter associated urinary tract infections in ICU. Methods: Electronic searches of databases were performed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical control studies (CCTs). The databases used were Cochrane Library,PubMed, Medline/Ovid, EMbase, CBM, VIP, CNKI, and Wan Fang Data. Two reviewers independently screened potentially eligible articles, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform Metaanalysis and sub-group analysis. Results:8 published studies were recruited for systematic review, which contained 2 RCTs and 6 CCTs. The results of Meta-analysis showed that, compared with non-medicated soap group, body bathing with chlorhexidine had significantly decreased the incidences of catheter associated urinary tract infection [RR=0.76, 95% CI(0.60~0.95), P=0.02]. Conclusions: Total body bathing with chlorhexidine is associated with decreased catheter associated urinary tract infection rate in ICU.

The relocation stress would cause serious physical and psychological hazards on the patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and their family members. The article summarized the concept of relocation stress, related theories,precipitating factors, bad consequences, assessment instruments and improvement measures, aiming to provide certain basis for reducing the occurrence of the relocation stress of patients in ICU and their family members.

This paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of micro-curriculum in clinical teaching and combined the hybrid teaching model and oncology clinical nursing knowledge to establish the vertical micro-curriculum system of clinical nursing teaching in oncology department, to establish the dynamic connection between different microcurriculum in curriculum system of clinical teaching at the application level by expanding BOPPPS model, to construct a complete micro-curriculum system of clinical nursing teaching in oncology department from top level design to clinical teaching, to improve the clinical teaching design model, and to overcome the shortcomings of the micro-lectures knowledge point isolation and lack of teaching element in oncology clinical teaching, and to propose the scientific and effectiveness of the micro-curriculum system.

Objective: To explore the effect of the customized training model for integrated nursing that combines traditional Chinese and western medicine. Methods: A total of 38 nursing students in Tianjin Medical College were chosen in the training program. Results: The students’ mean scores of theory, clinical practice and patient satisfaction were (92.57±6.39),(95.75±4.62) and 99.69, respectively. Eventually 28 excellent students were employed in the hospital. Conclusion: The customized training model provides professional nurses by early specialized teaching, clinical practice, in-class training and diversified methods of teaching. It could augment our nursing team, give full play to the advantages of Traditional Chinese medicine, and improve quality of care.

Objective: To discuss the effect of applying WeChat-based Just-in-Time-Teaching (JiTT) teaching model in the training of new operating room nurses. Methods: The JiTT model was applied after we designed the training courses and developed the WeChat platform. Its effect was evaluated by a comprehensive examination and a questionnaire survey.Results: New nurses affirmed the learning effect and obtained higher scores in the comprehensive examination. Surgeons and clinical instructors also acknowledged their professional skills and abilities to adapt to work. Conclusion: Independent learning and thinking abilities of new nurses could be enhanced by adopting the JiTT model in the training program. In addition, this model could cultivate their team-work spirit and help them adapt to their work in operating rooms. At the same time, the JiTT model offered a favorable experience and basis for reform in the training of operating room nurses.

Objective: To describe the status of humanistic caring ability of nurses in the Emergency Department,analyze the differences of the humanistic care ability in emergency nurses under different background, and provide the evidence for the training of nursing care ability. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to investigate the humanistic caring ability of 250 nurses in 3 tertiary hospitals in Beijing. Results: The scores of the caring ability of the investigated nurses were lower than those of the norm, and the scores of cognitive dimension, courage and patience were also lower than the norm. The care ability of nurses with different titles was different. The scores of nurses in charge were higher than the ordinary nurses, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The care ability of nurses in different working time groups was different. The scores of those who service more than 20 years were higher than lower working time groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Different age groups score different.The care ability of nurses in more than 40 years old group was higher than that in other groups, and the difference was also statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The humanistic care ability of emergency nurses in the tertiary general hospital in Beijing is lower than the norm in the foreign countries. Those who have higher year endowment and higher professional titles score higher in humanistic caring ability.

Objective: To analyze the current status and equity of nursing human resources allocation in Shaanxi province in 2014. Methods: The nursing human resources allocation was analyzed in terms of Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient in health economics using descriptive statistical analysis method. Results: Nursing human resources are fairly distributed based on population allocation and the Gini coefficient is 0.105 with the reality of the nursing shortage and irrational internal structure. Conclusion: We should further optimize the resource allocation, increase the level of nursing staff resources allocation in rural areas, adjust the structures of academic background and professional titles and cultivate the advanced nursing professionals team.

Objective: To investigate The prevalence of cognition and practice in clinical care decision making among nurses in a Tertiary hospital in Shanghai in order to promote Evidence-based Nursing practice. Methods: A total of 336 nurses were surveyed by filling out the EBM practice questionnaires designed by the team, including personal information,cognition and practice, article searching and data analysis skills and training needs. Results: Only 11.9% of nurses apply Evidence Based practice when a clinical problem surface; 45.5% nurses are not capable of using Chinese articles database and 84.8% are not capable of using the English article database. The main challenges include the following: no clue on how to find evidenced based data (58.9%); no clue on how to refine and process information (46.4%) ; lack of the time (44.1%).Conclusions: There is considerable lack of knowledge among nurses in Evidenced Based Practice, improvement should be focused on the foundation of the knowledge and practical skills among nurses and promote better clinical environment for nurses to get familiar to Evidenced-based Practice.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge and ability of medication safety management in the discharged patients who were taking warfarin, and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: A total of 112 discharged patients taking warfarin were investigated using the knowledge and ability of medication safety questionnaire by telephone or face-toface interview. Results: Among all the items, most of the patients knew the correct time to take the medication, reported that they wouldn't stop the medication by themselves, and knew what to do if they forgot to take the mediation. But only few patients understood the influence on diets and living habits, and the need to see a doctor. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that age, medication education and instruction reading entered the equation. The older patients had lower level knowledge and ability of warfarin taking safety. Patients who got medical health guidance and read the instruction had higher level knowledge and ability of medication safety. Conclusion: The knowledge and ability of warfarin taking safety management in the discharged patients were not adequate. Medical staff should educated the patients' in detail about the medication taking safety knowledge, encouraged them to read instruction, and implemented personalized medicine safety direction effectively.

Objective: To investigate the effect of continuous nursing on the functional recovery after arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament. Methods: Randomly divided 82 patients who had Arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament into two groups, with 44 in observation group and 38 cases in control group. The observation group were provided with continuous nursing care including health education, telephone follow-ups and home visits.Control group did not have any care. Compared two groups of patients after discharge for the following: compliance behavior of functional rehabilitation exercise and follow up visits, knee extension activities and flexion degree of knee joint function rehabilitation exercise using lysholm score. Results: There are statistically significant differences between the two groups in the compliance of rehabilitation exercises at 6 and 24 weeks (P<0.05). The lysholm score at 24 weeks of knee rehabilitation exercise in the observation group is better than the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of continuous nursing care for patients with arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has a significant role in promoting the recovery of knee joint function, improve their quality of life.

Objective: To evaluate a one-year follow-up of specialized disease management for young patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: A total of 147 young patients who were diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease were included. The incidence of adverse event, life quality and body mass index (BMI) were recorded and analyzed during follow-up. Results: During this one-year follow-up, the patients were visited 1717 times. Of the 147 study patients, 12 were readmission, 25 patients had complications. The life quality and body mass index were improved by the extension of time after discharge. Conclusion: The follow-up of specialized disease management could effectively improve the life quality of young patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: To investigate the bacterium distribution of the high-touch surfaces of hospital environment and to provide references for further reducing the risk of hospital infections, and to improve care quality. Methods: We selected 120 high-touch surfaces in 4 wards and the samples were collected using RODAC plates. The type and number of bacteria were analyzed. Results: Totally 217 bacterium was found in 120 sample and were mainly gram-positive bacteria.There were 7 staphylococcus aureus and 1 enterococci in ICU. We also found 3 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and 1 high-level gentamicin resistant enterococci through sensitivity analyzes. Assessing the cleaning satus of high-touch surface, we found the overall situation is fairly well, but the pollution of suction tube in ICU is most serious. Conclusion:We found multiple drug-resistant bacterium in many places of ICU, so healthcare workers in ICU should strengthen the prevention and treatment of multiple drug-resistant bacterium. The cleaning status of high-touch surface in this hospital is fairly well, but the pollution of suction tube should be improved and we should strengthen cleaning.

Recognizing the significant impact changed by informatics technology on healthcare, how to better educate and train our healthcare professionals capable for the new informatics era has been an obvious and important trend. Among many strategies of establishing the informatics competency for nurses, the most significant one is the TIGER Initiative which began in the States in 2006. At the same time, Taiwan developed its unique and very successful,and international well-known model starting from training nurses better familiar with the Excel VBA integrated with the TIGER concepts. We applied the Taiwan model and further enhanced with committed organizational strategies to enhance the education outcomes. Though we just progressed to the Stage III, out of fives, we have observed a significant informatics capability improvement and great interests from our nurses. Some of them have even started to design their informatics projects on their own. We look forward to that nurses could take an active and leading role in the Internet+ era.

Objective: To explore the effect of self-help intervention based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on depressive symptoms and mental health status of first-episode depression outpatients. Methods: We randomly divided 126 first-episode depression outpatients from two tertiary hospitals in Changsha into the no-guided experimental group (n=42),the guided experimental group (n=42) and the control group (n=42). During and after the intervention, 25 subjects were lost to follow-up, Finally, there were 39 subjects in the no-guided experimental group, 32 in the guided experimental group and 30 in the control group. An antidepressant skills workbook was provided for each patient in the non-guided experimental group, besides, one telephone guidence every two weeks was provided for each patient in the guided experimental group,while no specific training was supplied to the control group. We evaluated all subjects with Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and 10-item Kessler Scale (K10) before the self-help intervention and 2 months after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, the scores of both BDI and K10 in three groups decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant change after the intervention in the scores of BDI and K10 between the experimental group and the control group (P>0.05).Conclusions: The cognitive behavioral self-help intervention by self-help manual could not effectively improve depressive symptoms and mental health status of first-episode depression outpatients. We suggest that intensity of intervention should be strengthened in future study.

Objective: To explore the effect of mind mapping on preoperative preparation among elective patients in otolaryngology department. Methods: Totally 442 patients were divided into the control group (215 cases) and the observation group (227 cases). The control group was prepared routinely, while the mind mapping was used in observation group for preoperative preparation. The preoperative nursing quality, related knowledge level among preoperative patients and doctors' satisfaction to nursing work was compared between the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the defect and delay rate of the observation group for preoperative preparation decreased significantly. The related knowledge level of preoperative patients and doctors' satisfaction to nursing of observation group was higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Applying mind mapping could improve the quality of preoperative preparation,guarantee the timeliness of operation and improve the doctors' satisfaction to nursing work.

The adequate pain assessment and management in Alzheimer's patients show high value on improving their life quality. This article has summarized the topic from two aspects: the pain assessment tools for Alzheimer's patients and the pain management. The pain assessment tools mainly include the self-descriptive assessment tools and the observers' pain assessment tools. The pain management consists of the exact evaluation, drug odynolysis, updating nursing model, home care and non-drug odynolysis. The effort of this review article aims to provide the reference and evidence for Alzheimer's patients pain assessment and management.

Objective: To analyze the root cause of aggressive behavior in male psychiatric patients, and to provide the evidence for targeted prevention measures. Method: Totally 87 cases of attacks occurred in male psychiatric patients from January to December, 2014 were selected to investigate. Root Cause Analysis (RCA), consisting of five aspects (individual,machine, material, method, and environment) was used to analyze the causes of aggressive behavior in male patients with psychosis. Results: In the 87 cases of male patients with psychosis attack behavior, each aggressive behavior was caused by system, individual and environment factors. The possibility of the attract behavior will be increased with the emerging of risk factors. Conclusion: We should strengthen the safety consciousness in nurses, and manage the situation from several aspects and multi-channel. Thus, violence caused by hospitalized psychiatric patients could be reduced.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer mortality among women worldwide. The diagnosis and treatment of cancer not only bring distress to patients but also have certain influence on family communication. This article reviews the concept, measuring tools and research progress of family communication for breast cancer patients, in order to provide evidence for exploring particular family communication processes and working out better family communication intervention programs in future.