In 2022, the Beijing Nursing Association issued the Clinical Practice Standards for Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Adults, second edition. The new version of standards was revised on the basis of the 2017 edition of the Clinical Practice Standards for Arterial Blood Gas Analysis, and it has made recommendation adjustments and supplemented the key contents of the arterial blood gas collection process in adults, the quality control of arterial blood gas analysis, and the common complications and treatment of arterial blood collection. It is expected to guide clinical medical staff to correctly understand and use the standards, enhance the nursing ability of caring critically ill patients, ensure the safe treatment of patients and the occupational safety of operators. This article summarizes and interprets the content and updated points.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of cancer-related financial toxicity of breast cancer survivors, and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: Using the convenient sampling method, breast cancer survivors were investigated with the demographic and disease information questionnaire, COST-FACIT, CD-RISC 10, PSSS and MDASI in three community health centers and a cancer survivors group in Xuhui district, Shanghai. Results: The average score of COST-FACIT of 312 breast cancer patients was 22.70±8.39. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, education, chemotherapy, living alone, personal monthly income, household savings, psychological resilience and symptoms were independent influencing factors of financial toxicity, which accounted 28.5% of the total variation. Conclusion: Financial toxicity is generally existent in breast cancer survivors, affecting their quality of life. In addition to demographic factors, breast cancer survivors' psychological resilience and symptoms are related to the cancer-related financial toxicity. The study provides a new perspective for the development of intervention for financial toxicity in the future.

This paper focuses on the application of the transtheoretical model in promoting exercise adherence of chronic patients, and summarizes it from the aspects of exercise types, characteristics of application population, duration of intervention and follow-up, application of the core structure of the transtheoretical model in program formulation, outcome indicators and evaluation tools, effect evaluation, etc., in order to provide reference and guidance for improving exercise adherence of chronic patients.

Nursing care is an important part of medical care. The development of the concept, mode and method of nursing quality control provide a key driver for continuous improvement of nursing quality. This paper reviews and summarizes the progress and achievements of nursing quality management and control in China in the last decade, and analyzes the current status of the quality of nursing care, and discusses the forward direction of further promoting the high-quality development of nursing care in China in the period of "the 14th Five Year Plan period".

The number of elderly patients is rising which brings heavy medical and economic burden to the society. This article summarizes the application of nursing informatization in the health management for older patients, including application forms, effects and limitations, in order to provide reference for the application and related research of health management for elderly patients in the future.

Objective: To develop a risk assessment scale for unplanned extubation of adult tracheal intubation patients, providing a reliable and quantitative assessment tool for preventing unplanned extubation of tracheal intubation and improve the quality of nursing safety management. Methods: Guided by the evidence-based theory of Hopkins, we conducted evidence synthesis and panel discussion, and initially constructed the item pool of the scale. The content system of the scale was determined through 3 rounds of expert consultation. The weight of the items were determined through the analytic hierarchy process, forming a test version. The test version of the scale was used to assess the risk of unplanned extubation of adult patients with tracheal intubation, and the reliability and validity of the scale were analyzed. Results: The risk assessment scale for unplanned extubation of adult tracheal intubation included 9 items and 28 classification items. The active coefficients of the three rounds of expert consultation were 88.24%, 100.00%, and 100.00%. The expert authority coefficient was 0.91. The expert coordination coefficient was 0.329-0.759. The reliability and validity of the scale met the standard, indicating that the reliability and validity were good. Conclusion: Based on the results of evidence-based analysis, the Delphi expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process were used to construct the risk assessment scale for unplanned extubation of adult tracheal intubation, in order to effectively improve clinical care quality for patients with tracheal intubation.

Objective: To translate the Heart Health Self-Efficacy and Self-Management Scale and to test its psychometric properties. Methods: The original scale was translated according to Brislin's back translation method. The scale was cross-culturally adjusted through expert review. The content validity was assessed by expert consultation. From July to September 2021, a total of 400 patients with coronary heart disease were investigated in two tertiary hospitals in Changsha and Yueyang. Results: The Chinese version of the Heart Health Self-Efficacy and Self-Management Scale had 12 items, and each item needed to be answered from two aspects: self-efficacy and self-management. The item level content validity index ranged from 0.83 to 1.00, and the average content validity index at the scale level was 0.96. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the self-efficacy subscale was 0.773, the retest reliability was 0.761, and the split-half reliability was 0.804. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the self-management subscale was 0.721, the retest reliability was 0.709, and the split-half reliability was 0.786. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the Heart Health Self-Efficacy and Self-Management Scale has good reliability and can be used to evaluate the self-efficacy and self-management level of patients with coronary heart disease. The assessment of self-efficacy and self-management level can provide an effective reference for developing health strategies and targeted nursing measures for patients with coronary heart disease in clinical practices.

This paper reviews the qualifications, ability requirements and role functions of family health nurses abroad as well as the training courses for undergraduates and graduates and those in the transition period. Based on the current situation of professional family health nursing in China, it puts forward relevant suggestions, aiming to provide reference for the cultivation and development of such nursing talents in China.

As an important part of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), TCM nursing is developing and growing with the continuous development of TCM. This paper reviews the development of clinical nursing of TCM in the past ten years from the aspects of policy supports, the development of nursing specialty, the training of nursing personnel, the application and innovation of TCM characteristic technology, and the construction of TCM nursing clinics. It also reflects on the high-quality development of TCM nursing in the future, aiming to recognize the advantages and disadvantages, clear positioning, and seek the sustainable development of TCM nursing to meet the needs of the Healthy China strategy.

The article provides an overview of the progress of wise information technology of nursing since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, introduces the five parts of nursing clinical information system, nursing management information system, wisdom nursing education, wisdom wards and telecare, and puts forward prospects, aiming to provide reference for promoting nursing information construction.

This paper reviews the origin and development, common modes, contents and implementation, and existing problems of Diabetes Self-Management Support, aims to provide reference for clinical medical staff and managers to develop more reasonable, effective and standardized self-management support programs for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Due to the particularity of vascular structure, it is difficult to collect venous blood sample from elderly patients, which would directly affect their clinical treatment. This study analyzed and summarized the research progress of venous blood sample collection in elderly patients from the characteristics of their venous blood vessels, venous blood sample collection process and secure management strategies, in order to provide a basis for the standardized management of venous blood sample collection and reference to ensure more successful and safe blood collection in the elderly.

This article reviewed the forms, assessment content and implementation of the current palliative care quality management online assessment system, and proposed reflections and prospects. It is expected to provide reference for the construction and use of the online assessment system for palliative care quality management in China.

This article reviews the development of oncology nurses' role, training, education, practice and service provision in Hong Kong, highlighting the development and transformation of oncology specialty over the past more than two decades; reflecting the importance of the contribution made by oncology nurses in cancer control and the quality of cancer care; suggesting the directions and roles crucial for the future development of nursing practice that require continuous efforts from the clinical, academic and professional bodies to meet this goal.

Objective: To summarize the experience in risk management of patients with Malignant Fungating Wounds (MFWs) bleeding in a Multi-Disciplinary Treatment (MDT) model. Methods: A MDT team was established and led by enterostomal therapist. The risk management included developing a wound bleeding risk plan, systematically assessing the bleeding risk of patients with MFWs, identifying the risk levels, reinforcing the notification step by step, implementing wound management following the TIME principle and Chinese chronic refractory wound diagnosis and treatment principles, and adopting continuous nursing. Results: In recent 3 years, a total of 167 patients were treated in wound care center. No accidental bleeding adverse events were reported. No complaints and disputes were recorded during dressing change. The patients satisfaction reached 98.3%. Conclusion: The risk management of patients with MFWs bleeding under the MDT model can establish security system for patients from the medical, legal, management aspects. The patients received safe and effective treatment through MDT and optimized workflow.

This paper reviews the application progress of the Question Prompt List in decision-making communication of cancer patients, including the form, construction method and application effect of the question prompt list, and gives suggestions on the Question Prompt List in the decision-making communication of domestic cancer patients, so that tumor patients can actively participate in it. In the process of medical consultation and decision-making, promote the harmonious development of the doctor-patient relationship.

This paper summarizes the achievements of palliative care in China over the past decade in nursing management, clinical care, personnel training and discipline construction, and to provide an outlook on future work, with a view to providing a reference for promoting the high-quality development of palliative care in China.

This paper reviews the assessment tools, influencing factors and current status of family caregivers' contribution to self-care. It is recommended to provide informational support for family caregivers to improve their self-efficacy and care preparation, confirm family caregiver needs and priorities to reduce the burden on caregivers and enhance mutuality in the patient-caregiver dyad to promote participation so as to provide a reference for improving the quality of family caregivers' contribution to self-care for patients with chronic illness.

Objective: To explore the service experience of nurses in the initial stage of "Internet + Nursing Service". Methods: From May to August 2021, 14 nurses who had work experience in "Internet + Nursing Service" were recruited from a tertiary grade A hospital in Beijing by purpose sampling. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were performed to collect data and thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data. Results: Nurses' work experience of "Internet + Nursing Service" can be summed up into 3 themes: ①Negative experiences, including nervous and dispute worries;②Positive experiences, including process adaptation and benefit discovery; ③The expectation of "Internet + Nursing Service" management, including reducing travel time, increasing consumables configuration, reducing safety risks, increasing training exchanges, expanding service scope and adjusting service duration. Conclusion: Nurses have negative experience and positive experience in the initial stage of "Internet + Nursing Service", and diversified expectations for the management of "Internet + Nursing Service". This study provides a practical basis for further promoting the sustainable development of "Internet + Nursing Service".

Objective: To analyze the incidence and risk factors of post intensive care syndrome in family members of patients with hemorrhagic stroke and to develop the risk prediction model and evalute its prediction effect. Methods: From August 2020 to August 2021, 230 family members of patients with hemorrhagic stroke from ICU of a tertiary grade A hospital in Shiyan city were selected as the research objects by convenience sampling method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using the general information questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Fatigue Assessment Instrument, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) decision tree model and Logistic regression model were established respectively, and the differences between the results of the two models were analyzed and compared. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, family income and APACHE II score were independent influencing factors of post intensive care syndrome in family members (P<0.05). CHAID decision tree model analysis showed that APACHE II score was the main factor affecting the occurrence of post intensive care syndrome in the family members, followed by ICU hospitalization time, family income and family member's age. There was no significant difference between Logistic regression model and decision tree model (P>0.05). Conclusion: Logistic regression and decision tree model were combined to screen the risk factors of post intensive care syndrome in family members of patients with hemorrhagic stroke earlier and more comprehensively, and to provide reference for clinical intervention.

This article reviews the current status of the prevention, assessment, treatment and dressing selection of diabetic foot, and proposes comprehensive management strategies, such as setting up an interdisciplinary team for diabetic foot care, establishing a support system for shared decision-making, implementing standardized treatment for triage according to the severity of the condition, building an information management platform, and offering remote management under the epidemic and patient-centered health education, in order to provide reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic foot.

This paper introduced the development status of specialist trauma nurses, and analyzed the necessity and feasibility of introducing the specialist trauma nurses into the current trauma care system in China, in order to provide references for the development and utilization of trauma specialist nurses in China.

This article introduced the concept of Chemotherapy Related Cognitive Impairment (CRCI) in patients with breast cancer, the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms (TOUS), influencing factors. Based on TOUS, the influencing factors were summarized from physiologic, psychological and situational levels of symptom. It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for early identification of CRCI and improve cognitive function in patients with breast cancer.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of multidisciplinary cooperation on preventing Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI), in order to provide reference for CLABSI prevention and control management. Methods: January to December 2020 was selected as control period, January to December 2021 was selected as intervention period. In the control period, special group of infusion therapy carried out catheter maintenance, Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICC) catheterization training and assessment periodically. Infection control department carried out hand hygiene training and monitored CLABSI dynamically. In the intervention period, a multidisciplinary cooperation team was built followed by retrospective analysis of CLABSI events and investigating compliance of CLABSI prevention as to target the root causes. Tasks and steps of each discipline and department in reducing CLABSI were developed and carried out targeting key aspects (key departments, Central Venous Catheter catheterization and catheter maintenance). The incidence of CLABSI and the compliance of CLABSI prevention measures were monitored and reviewed, dynamically. Results: The incidence of CLABSI in 2020 and 2021 years were 0.115‰, 0.138‰ respectively. The incidence of CLABSI increased up to 0.251‰ in the second quarter. After multidisciplinary collaborative intervention, the incidence of CLABSI in the third and fourth quarters compared with the second quarter decreased by 53.4% and 51.4% respectively. The total compliance of CLABSI prevention management, the total compliance of Central Venous Catheter catheterization measures, and the total compliance of PICC maintenance increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: Multidisciplinary collaborative intervention can significantly improve the total compliance of CLABSI prevention measures, reduce the incidence of CLABSI, which can provide reference for CLABSI prevention and control management.

This review summarizes the related concepts, current situation, influencing factors and intervention strategies of cancer patients' parenting concerns, aims to arouse the attention of domestic scholars and medical staff on cancer patients' parenting concerns, provide strategies and reference for relevant research, and promote the development of cancer psychological nursing in China.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of exercise behavior of frail elderly live in a care institution. Methods: In-depth interview using phenomenological method was conducted with 12 frail elderly people in a care institution in Beijing from April to May, 2021, and Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method was used for data analysis based on the COM-B model. Results: Facilitators of exercise behavior included perceived exercise benefits, emotional support from major social relationships, variety of access to exercise knowledge, interpersonal interaction promoting. Barriers of exercise behavior included insufficient awareness of exercise, limited physical activity, poor state of illness, negative psychology of life status, environment constraints. Conclusion: The exercise behavior of the frail elderly is affected by a variety of factors, and the medical staff should take targeted measures to increase the participation of the elderly in exercise behavior to improve the weakness, and promote healthy aging.

Objective: To investigate the clinical practice status of the Clinical Practice Standards for Arterial Blood Gas Analysis published in 2017, and to provide reference for further standardizing clinical practice for arterial blood gas analysis in adults. Methods: From April 12 to May 31, 2022, a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the practice status of adult arterial blood gas analysis among medical staff from 134 medical institutions in China by convenience sampling. Results: A total of 500 valid questionnaires were collected, and 28.2% respondents preferred 2% chlorhexidine gluconate ethanol solution as skin disinfectant. In clinical arterial blood gas sampling, 90.4% of the preferred site were radial artery, and the needle entry angles were slightly different. Only 15.0% removed three times the dead space volume of mixture blood; 73.8% correctly mixed the specimens after blood collection; 76.2% could complete the test within 30 minutes. There were 8.6% of the respondents who suffered needle injuries due to arterial blood collection operation. Conclusion: There are differences in the disinfection methods of arterial blood gas analysis, puncture sites for blood collection, and needle entry angles among medical staff. The quality control of arterial blood gas sample collection, transportation, and preservation needs to be optimized. The training and examination related to arterial blood gas analysis are insufficient, and the awareness of occupational protection is weak. The success rate of arterial blood collection can be improved by strengthening the training of adult arterial blood gas analysis operation knowledge and skills, and the quality control of the collection process, to ensure the accuracy of test results.

This article describes the effects of the implementation of Advanced Practice Nursing Transitional Care in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The development of the 4-Cs transitional care model, its challenges and lessons learned during the modelling process, and its relationship with Advanced Practice Nursing will be deliberated.

This article reviews the risk factors and risk prediction models of Arteriovenous Fistula failure in patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis nationally and internationally. We aimed to provide theoretical basis for development of local risk prediction models of Arteriovenous Fistula failure in patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis in China.

This article introduced the development, basic content, and operating procedures of Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomized Trial, analyzed its application and prospects in nursing research, in order to provide suggestions for the construction and optimization of multi-component intervention programs.

This paper introduces the present situation and harm of oral feeding difficulties in premature infants, focuses on the supporting strategies and effects of oral feeding difficulties, in order to provide reference for the interventions of feeding difficulties in premature infants.

Objective: To investigate the status quo of clinical nurses exposure to respiratory transmitted diseases and bloodborne infections among medical workers in various medical institutions in China and the post-exposure report rate. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to select 19,738 clinical nurses who met the inclusion criteria as the research subjects. A self-made questionnaire comprised of three parts: basic information, basic knowledge of occupational exposure, occupational exposure risk assessment was used for survey. Subjects could fill the questionnaire on wjx.com. Results: A total of 19,738 pieces of questionnaire were collected, all of which were valid. According to the results, 96.5% (19,047 cases) who understood the basics of occupational exposure and knew about standard precautions, and 73.6% (14,527 cases) who thought that standard precautions could be achieved at work. 56.1% (11,067 cases) of the clinical nurse had occupational exposure at work, and most of which occured to their hands and 65.3% (7225 cases) of whom chose to report after occupational exposure. Conclusion: The domestic occupational exposure risk among clinical nurses is high, and the protection against occupational exposure remains to be strengthened.

This paper summarizes the development history of genetic nursing in foreign countries, the definition and role of genetic nurses, as well as the training status of genetic nurses in the United States, Britain, Japan and developed countries, including the qualification requirements of genetic nurses, work roles and core abilities, and summarizes the enlightenment to the development of genetic specialty nursing in China. We hope to integrate the knowledge of genetics and genomics into our nursing work by referring to foreign models of genetic nursing, so as to promote the development of tumor prevention and eugenics in China.

Objective: To construct a co-management care model from Online to Offline (O2O care model) for breast cancer patients at home receiving wound catheter with nurses as the core, so as to provide a reference for the implementation of comprehensive home care for this population. Methods: Literature analysis and Delphi expert letter consultation were used to construct the O2O care model for breast cancer patients with wound catheter, which was nurse-centered, multidisciplinary collaboration, involving patients, family caregivers, volunteers, and various media. Results: The authority coefficients of experts in the two rounds of consultation reached 0.8 and above. The final care model included 4 first-level items (core links, care services, implementation pathways and role functions), 17 second-level items and 56 third-level items. Conclusion: It is scientific, practical and feasible to construct the O2O care model with nurses as the core of the home care team for postoperative breast cancer patients with wound catheter, which can improve the comprehensive and full-cycle treatment of breast cancer patients.

Objective: To explore the mediating role of nurses' second victim experience and support between hospital patients' safety culture and job burnout. Methods: Totally 1 084 clinical nurses were recruited convenient sampling method. They were investigated by the general information questionnaire, the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the correlation among the three factors, and the journey model was used to examine the influence path of hospital patients' safety culture, nurses' second victim experience and support on job burnout. Results: The score of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was (150.04±16.39), the score of Second Victim Experience and Support Tool was (79.51±13.43), and the score of Maslach Burnout Inventory was (39.66±22.93). The experience and support of the second victim of nurses had a partial mediating effect between the safety culture and job burnout of hospital patients (all P<0.05), accounting for 33.3% of the total effect. Conclusion: Hospitals and nursing managers should take various methods to create a positive patient safety culture, to provide emotional and organizational support to nurses as second victims, so as to reduce their job burnout and promote the healthy development of clinical nursing talent.

Objective: To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Reflective Practice Questionnaire (RPQ), so as to provide an assessment tool for the Reflective Practice study of nurses in our country. Methods: The improved Brislin translation model was used to localize the scale, and cross-cultural adjustment was carried out through expert consultation and pre-survey. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 720 nurse specialists from 8 tertiary grade A hospitals in Tianjin, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested by 7 experts. Results: The Chinese RPQ scale consists of 5 factors and 33 items. The results of validity analysis showed that 5 common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative variance contribution was 63.856%. The results of content validity showed that I-CVI was 0.86-1.00, S-CVI was 0.99, the overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.950, the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was 0.750-0.949, the split-half reliability was 0.927, the split-half reliability of each dimension was 0.607-0.921, and the retest reliability was 0.957. Conclusion: The Chinese version of RPQ has good reliability and validity, and can be used as an effective tool to measure the reflective practice of nurses in our country.

Objective: To examine the importance of health literacy to general population health and its impact on nursing practice. Methods: This study systematically searched the databases including PubMed and CINAHL to collect studies about the impact of health literacy on the health of Hong Kong residents and nursing practice. The included studies were also integrated and analysed. Results: Health literacy was found to be associated with disease prevention (such as identifying diabetes), chronic illness management (hypertension, stroke and cancer), mental health (depression, schizophrenia) and cognitive health. The health literacy of individuals are also affected by factors such as their age, cultural differences, language abilities and education level. Conclusion: Related research on health literacy can provide theoretical and practical basis for health promotion and health education activities. It is expected that research on digital health literacy will increase in the future. Nurses are recommended to develop interventions to improve patients' and caregivers' health literacy and health outcomes through innovative strategies.

Objective: To establish a paperless filing system of nursing records based on digital signature, optimize the process of medical records management, ensure the security and effectiveness of medical documents, and improve the working efficiency of nurses. Methods: Paperless filing system of nursing records based on digital signature was applied in our hospital, the consumption of office consumables, the time-consuming and paperless rate of nursing document processing and the satisfaction of nurses with the information system before and after the application of the system were compared. Results: Through the application of the system, the paperless rate of nursing document reached 100.00%, the consumption of paper used for printing nursing records was reduced by 77.78%, the consumption of ink cartridges was reduced by 75.00%, the time for sorting and printing nursing records was reduced by 78.85%, and the satisfaction of nurses with the information system was also improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of the paperless filing system of nursing records based on digital signature has optimized the nursing work process, improved the work efficiency and management level, and improved the satisfaction of nurses with the information system.

Objective: To design and develop a mobile terminal APP for instrument and equipment management of the Central Sterile Supply Department in cooperation with software engineers based on the Safety Management for Medical Devices, and analyze the application effects. Methods: We designed and applied mobile terminal instrument and equipment management APP, and compared the punctuality rate of regular maintenance, failure repair time and the utilization rate of the same batch of equipment before and after application. Results: The punctuality rate of regular maintenance after application was significantly improved from 79.2% to 98.8% (P<0.001), and the fault repair time was significantly reduced from 8.0 (5.0, 9.0) h to 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) h (P<0.001). The utilization rate of instrument and equipment increased from 92.9% to 100.0%. Conclusion: The mobile terminal instrument and equipment management APP which based on the Safety Management for Medical Devices realizes the visualization, traceability, convenience and refined management of equipment in the Central Sterile Supply Department, improves work efficiency, guarantees the supply quality of sterile items in the Central Sterile Supply Department, and improves the professional level of staff.