Objective: To develop an evidence-based fall prevention management protocol for hospitalized patients based on the Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program and evaluate its clinical effectiveness, and to provide references for improving the systematic management of falls in hospitalized patients. Methods: Based on literature review and expert consultation, an evidence-informed fall management protocol was developed. A stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial design with purposive sampling was employed. Nursing units with fall incidence rate higher than the hospital-wide average from 2020 to 2022 and their nurses were selected as participants. Intervention began in June 2023, the pre-intervention phases followed routine nursing practices with reference to the hospital-wide unified fall management documents, while the post-intervention phases implemented the evidence-informed fall management protocol. Outcomes included fall incidence, injury rates, and nurses' safety attitudes and safety culture cognition levels. Results: Eight nursing units and 158 nurses were included. After the intervention, the incidence (0.49‰) and injury rate (25.00%) of falls were lower than before (1.06‰ and 68.18%), nurses' safety attitude and safety culture cognition scores were higher than before, the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The developed evidence-informed fall management protocol exhibits scientific rigor and practical applicability, reduces the incidence of falls and injury rate, and promotes nurses' safety attitude as well as safety culture cognition.

Objective: To develop a Digital Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (DCGA) system, and explore its application effect in elderly health assessments within nursing homes, providing scientific support for personalized health interventions. Methods: The DCGA system was developed based on the national standard "Geriatric Assessment Guidelines" and international Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment framework. Selecting elderly individuals residing in a nursing home in Hangzhou between July and October 2024 as the study subjects using convenience sampling method. The DCGA system was used to assess self care ability, cognitive function, and frailty state. The efficiency and consistency of system evaluation and manual evaluation were compared. Results: The DCGA system had four core functions: full-process information management (elder list module); dynamic updated elderly profiles (elder profile module); multi-dimensional health assessment (elder assessment module); intelligent reports and decision support (elder report module). The system successfully completed health assessments for 196 elderly individuals. The assessments revealed that 95.9% of the elderly individuals had varying degrees of functional dependency, 75.0% exhibited cognitive impairment, 57.6% were in a state of frailty or pre-frailty. The average time for using the DCGA system and manual evaluation was 12 minutes and 45 minutes, respectively. The two evaluation methods had a high degree of consistency in the determination of ability level classification results (Kappa coefficient of 0.86). Conclusion: The DCGA system enables a comprehensive assessment of elderly health. Its standardized assessment process and data visualization features provide effective support for health management in nursing homes, demonstrating strong potential for wider application.

Objective: To apply the WHO Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) and validate its applicability for operating room nursing staffing in China, providing a reference for nursing human resource evaluation in China. Methods: Using operating rooms from two tertiary general hospitals and two tertiary specialty hospitals in Beijing as data collection units, we collected required data from WISN, calculated and analyzed it using the WISN software tool. Based on the actual number of staff in the operating rooms of sample medical institutions, the results calculated by the WISN were verified by applying the number of staff configured according to the traditional bed-to-nurse ratio of 1:3 and converting the actual overtime hours into equivalent staff numbers. Results: The staffing demand derived from WISN analysis showed an error rate of 0.7% to 2.9% compared with actual workforce conditions. The WISN demand gap ranged from -19 to +3 nurses, while overtime hours conversion revealed a demand difference of -18 to +2 nurses. The stress ratio between the three hospitals was <1. Conclusion: WISN is suitable for Chinese operating room nursing specialties, accurately reflecting staffing needs and nurse workloads, providing managers with more objective and clinically relevant surgical nursing human resource allocation plans.

Objective: To construct a Clinical Decision Support System for assessing and preventing Pressure Injury (PI) in hospitalized children and evaluate its effectiveness, assisting nurses with clinical decision-making, reducing PI incidence. Methods: We designed human-computer interaction rules, and developed a Clinical Decision Support System for PI assessment and prevention based on evidence. This system enables dynamic risk assessment, real-time warnings, intervention recommendations, and continuous monitoring and analysis. The system was formally applied in a tertiary grade A comprehensive pediatric hospital in Beijing in March 2024. We compared the timeliness rate of 2-hour assessments, the accuracy rate of assessment accuracy, and PI incidence of hospitalized children before and after the application of the system, and the satisfaction of nurses with the system was assessed. Results: Following system implementation, the timeliness rate of the 2-hour assessments was increased from 82.5% to 91.2%, the accuracy rate of PI assessment was increased from 89.7% to 93.8%, and the PI incidence was decreased from 3.60% to 0.91%, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The nurses expressed high satisfaction with the system, with an overall satisfaction score of 93.79±17.71. Conclusion: The construction and application of the system provide a scientific basis for nursing make decision-making, aid in the prevention and management of PI, improve nursing quality and nurse work efficiency.

Objective: To investigate the current status of operating room nursing staff allocation and workload across China, providing a basis for optimizing operating room nursing resource allocation and improving care quality. Methods: Using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, we selected 94 hospitals from 27 provinces across 7 geographic regions. Questionnaires were administered to 4259 operating room nurses, with workload assessed using the NASA Task Load Index, and categorized using latent profile analysis. Results: The bed-to-nurse ratio in tertiary hospital operating rooms was 1:2.81, while in secondary hospitals it was 1:2.47. Significant differences in workload were observed among nurses based on gender, professional title, position, and specialty qualifications (P<0.05). Latent profile analysis categorized nurses' workload into three dimensions: balanced load type (6.08%), frustration-dominated load type (30.22%) and high-level load type (63.70%). Conclusion: China's operating room nursing workforce faces systemic staffing shortages, with nurses experiencing consistently high workloads that vary significantly different. Most practitioners endure physically and mentally demanding work conditions. To safeguard both healthcare professionals' well-being and patient safety, it is recommended to develop tailored staffing strategies and workload management approaches that address the specific characteristics of this occupational group.

Objective: To review the application of evidence for prevention of Oral Mucosal Pressure Injury (OMPI) in patients with orotracheal intubation, analyze the obstacles and promoting factors, to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods: Based on the JBI evidence-based health care model as the theoretical framework, the evidence introduced into clinical practice was determined, the review indicators were constructed, the obstacles and promoting factors of evidence application were analyzed, and the change strategies were formulated. Results: A total of 21 review indicators were developed. However, the implementation rate of 11 indicators was less than 60%, and the implementation rate of 4 indicators was 0. The main obstacles in evidence-based practice included the lack of assessment tools for OMPI risk insufficient prevention procedures, nurses' shortage of relevant knowledge, and inadequate equipment in the department, etc. As to the promotion factors, there were the strong management support and nurses' active participation in the process, according to which the corresponding strategies for change were formulated. Conclusion: The review indicators developed in this study based on the evidence are scientific, comprehensive, and operable. Yet there is still a big gap between the evidence and clinical practice for the prevention of OMPI in patients with orotracheal intubation. Clinical strategies for change can be implemented according to the obstacles and promoting factors to enhance the transformation of the evidence into clinical practice.

Objective: To systematically integrate the related factors of medication adherence in patients with osteoporosis, and to provide a basis for developing clinical interventions. Methods: Qualitative studies on medication adherence in patients with osteoporosis were retrieved from Chinese and English databases from inception to June 2, 2025. The quality of the included literature was evaluated and integrated. Results: A total of 11 studies were included. Forty-six findings were extracted and summarized into 13 categories. These were synthesized into promoting factors (perception of disease threat, active coping strategies, doctor-patient trust, family support, and preferences of patients) and hindering factors (insufficient disease awareness, medication beliefs, poor doctor-patient communication, fear of drug side effects, efficacy cognitive bias, competing priorities, daily life interference, and inadequate follow-up and environmental barriers). Conclusion: Multiple factors influence the medication adherence in patients with osteoporosis. It is recommended that medical staff should pay attention to patients' inner experiences and needs when formulating treatment plans, and enhance support systems, so as to improve patients' medication adherence.

The scientific allocation and effective management of nursing human resource in the operating room serve as core elements for ensuring surgical safety and efficiency, yet they face significant challenges due to dynamically changing supply and demand and the interaction of multiple factors. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of nursing human resource allocation models in the operating room, covering the development from classical methods such as linear programming to the application of intelligent algorithms. It focuses on analyzing key influencing factors, including staff competency, environmental processes, and management mechanisms, and delves into practical challenges such as the global nursing staff shortage and imbalanced resource distribution. Additionally, it examines innovative practices in technology empowerment and management models, while outlining future research directions.

Objective: To analyze the implementation status of the Action Plan for Improving Nursing Services in Shanghai medical institutions from 2023 to 2024, providing reference for optimizing nursing services. Methods: A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the implementation of the nursing services improvement plan in 105 secondary grade A and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai in both 2023 and 2024. Results: Compared with 2023, nurse-to-bed and ward bed-to-nurse ratio increased in 2024, while the nurse turnover rate of nurses decreased by 0.89%; the implementation of responsibility-based nursing and basic nursing services showed good progress, and the coverage of humanistic care wards increased significantly from 47.62% to 90.48%, though only 29.52% of hospitals conducted quality evaluation; the proportion of multidisciplinary joint ward rounds and nurse participation in death case discussions exceeded 90%. Additionally, 97.14% of hospitals provided specialized nursing training, and the number of specialized nursing clinics increased by 21.90%. The implementation of continuous nursing services reached 98.10%, while 26.67% of hospitals introduced Internet-based home nursing services, both showing substantial growth. Over 90% of hospitals established nursing management information systems and nursing document systems. However, the adoption of Personal Digital Assistant, mobile nursing carts, and inpatient appointment systems still required further improvement. Conclusion: In 2024, significant progress was observed in nursing service improvements across secondary grade A and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai. However, further efforts are needed to strengthen the nursing workforce, enhance quality evaluation in humanistic care, expand nursing service offerings, and advance intelligent nursing system.

Objective: To establish a scientific evaluation system for in-hospital nursing consultation, thus providing a reference for medical institutions to conduct quality management of nursing consultations. Methods: Based on the Donabedian three-dimensional quality model, we preliminarily formulated the framework of the evaluation system using literature analysis and panel discussion. The Delphi expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process were then employed for indicator screening and weight determination. Results: The effective response rates of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires were 100.00% and 94.74%, respectively with the expert authority coefficients being 0.942 and 0.929, and Kendall's harmony coefficients being 0.148 and 0.223 (P<0.05). The final evaluation system consisted of 3 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 39 third-level indicators. Conclusion: The evaluation system for in-hospital nursing consultation constructed in this study demonstrates good scientific validity and reliability to serve as an objective, quantitative evaluation tool to standardize nursing consultation practices and improve the consultation quality.

The development of specialist nurses in China has shown steady growth driven by multiple factors, including policy and standardization support, growing social demand, innovative practical applications, advancements in higher education, and a more rigorous selection and training process. However, challenges, such as talent shortages, lack of standardized criteria, insufficient positions, gaps between education and practice, and uneven development persist. This article outlines the current status of specialist nurse development in China, analyzes both facilitating and constraining factors, and explores future trends, providing insights for the high-quality cultivation and advancement of specialist nurses.

Children with malignant tumors experience a series of symptoms during chemotherapy, which seriously affect their quality of life. The management of symptom clusters can effectively alleviate their symptom burden and improve their prognosis. This article reviews the definition, research status, assessment tools, influencing factors, and nursing interventions of chemotherapy symptom clusters in children with malignant tumors, providing a reference for formulation of targeted clinical intervention plans and improvement of the quality and efficiency of symptom management.

Objective: To develop an integrated active health care model for community-dwelling older adults and to apply the model in this population, in order to provide a reference for improving the health of older adults. Methods: Guided by the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE): guidelines on person-centred assessment and care pathways in primary care, this study adopted an action research approach to develop an integrated active health care model for community-dwelling older adults in Beijing from the perspective of proactive health management. The model was piloted in seven community health centers across urban, peri-urban, and rural areas of Beijing in June 2024. Iterative refinement and optimization of the model were conducted. The effects of this model was preliminarily evaluated by the number of service recipients and training participants. Results: The model was initially established and implemented in 7 community health centers. To June 2025, 8663 older adults have undergone intrinsic capacity screening, 1697 have received in-depth assessment and integrated health interventions, and approximately 300 community healthcare professionals have been trained. Conclusion: This model has demonstrated strong adaptability and potential. It provides a reference for promoting the localized development and practice of the ICOPE model in China.

Objective: To translate the Measure of Moral Distress Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) and test the Chinese version of the MMD-HP, aiming to provide an evaluation tool for measure of moral distress for health-care professionals. Methods: A modified version of the Brislin translation model was used for cross-cultural adaption through expert consultation and pre-surveys. A total of 967 physicians and nurses were recruited using convenience sampling from September, 2023 to February, 2024 to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of MMD-HP. Results: The Chinese version of MMD-HP contained 4 dimensions and 27 items with 9 items of system level, 6 items of the patient level, 5 items of the colleague-related team level, and 7 items of the patient-related team level. The exploratory factor analysis revealed 4 common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 58.373%. The Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension ranged from 0.759 to 0.891, the Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.936, the re-test reliability was 0.811, and the index of content validity was 0.980. The criterion-related validity were 0.884 and 0.818 with the Chinese version of the Moral Dilemma Scale for adult unit nurses and the Chinese Version of the Revised Moral Distress Scale for paediatric nurses. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the MMD-HP demonstrates sound reliability and validity. It can be used for assessing the moral dilemmas of healthcare professionals in China.

Objective: To develop an intelligent decision support system for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing and evaluate its application effect, so as to provide a reference for the intelligent development of TCM nursing. Methods: Based on the Clinical Nursing Information System, a knowledge base for TCM nursing was developed, which included 5 modules: nursing assessment, syndrome identification and typing, syndrome-based nursing care, efficacy evaluation and data analysis. Comparisons were made before and after system implementation regarding TCM nursing efficacy evaluation, satisfaction with the implementation of TCM nursing programs, quality management, nursing documentation time, and nurse satisfaction with the user experience. Results: After the application of the system, both TCM nursing efficacy and satisfaction with the implementation of TCM nursing program were significantly improved (P<0.001); the quality management was improved (all P<0.001); nursing documentation time was significantly reduced (P<0.001); nurse satisfaction with the user experience was significantly improved (P<0.001). Conclusion: The knowledge base-based intelligent decision support system for TCM nursing can improve the efficacy of TCM nursing and documentation quality, reduce recording time, and gain recognition from nurses, demonstrating good application value.

Objective: To develop a smart integrated care model for older people at home and to verify its effectiveness, providing a reference for optimizing elderly health management and improving home-bound elderly care service systems. Methods: A smart integrated care model was constructed using literature review and expert consultation. Sixteen communities were selected by convenience sampling from January to June 2024 in Hangzhou. These 16 communities were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group through a random number table. One hundred and one older adults were further recruited in each group using convenience sampling. Older adults in the control group received traditional home care and community management services, while older adults in the intervention group were managed through the smart integrated care model, both groups were intervened for 3 months. The intrinsic ability, social support and care between the two groups, the differences in gait scores of the intervention group before and after intervention were compared, and the user acceptance of the intelligent management platform was investigated. Results: The smart integrated care model covered the whole process of "screening-assessment-planning-implementation-monitoring-evaluation". After the intervention, older adults in the intervention group showed significantly better cognitive function and motor ability than those of the control group (both P<0.05). The psychological state and gait score of participants in the intervention group were improved after the intervention (both P<0.05). 93.3% of the older adults and 85.0% of the healthcare professionals were satisfied or very satisfied with the platform. Conclusion: The smart integrated care model can improve the intrinsic abilities and gait of the older adults, and has achieved high user acceptance. The model can provide a scientific basis and a practical path for promoting healthy aging.

Objective: To conduct a scoping review of the application of Artificial Intelligence in nursing education, understand the current situation, and provide references for future practical research. Methods: Following the framework of a scoping review, we systematically searched relevant studies in Chinese and English databases from their inception to February 28, 2025, and summarized and analyzed the included literature. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the review. The application modalities of Artificial Intelligence in nursing education encompass machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics. The primary application contexts include intelligent educational environments, support for intelligent learning processes, intelligent educational assessment, and intelligent teaching assistants. The evaluation criteria primarily focus on effectiveness and feasibility. Conclusion: Artificial Intelligence technologies have demonstrated significant potential and positive outcomes across various aspects of nursing education. Future research should focus on further optimizing teaching content, improving evaluation index systems, and conducting high-quality long-term effectiveness tracking studies. These efforts are essential to advancing intelligent education systems and enhancing the quality of nursing education and training.

Objective: To develop an exercise intervention program for community-dwelling pre-frail older adults with diabetes, and to provide a reference for improving the frailty status of this population. Methods: The Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model was used as the theoretical foundation, and the exercise intervention program for community-dwelling pre-frail older adults with diabetes was initially constructed based on searching the relevant domestic and international literature and summarizing the evidence. The program was revised through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation to form the final intervention program from March to April 2024. Results: A total of 15 experts participated in the two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and the effective recovery rates of the questionnaires were 100.0% and 88.2%, respectively. The two rounds of expert authority coefficients were 0.841 and 0.847, respectively. The Kendall’ s harmony coefficients were 0.302 and 0.363, respectively (P<0.001). The mean value of importance of items ranged from 4.33 to 5.00 points. Finally, an exercise intervention program was formed, including 11 first-level items and 14 second-level items. Conclusion: The exercise intervention program for community-dwelling pre-frail older adults with diabetes is scientific, reasonable and operable, and can provide references for the implementation of exercise intervention for this population.

As an emerging collection of exercise intervention resources, the exercise intervention toolkit is characterized by comprehensive contents, flexibility, and efficacy, which remarkably enhances the quality and efficiency of clinical nursing practice. This article reviews the components, development principles, theoretical frameworks, and application contexts of the exercise intervention toolkit. It is hoped to offer references for the development of exercise intervention toolkits in clinical nursing practice in China.

As medical technologies advance and multi-campus hospitals expand, the Operating Room (OR) nursing workforce faces persistent challenges of limited headcount, skill-mix imbalance, and mismatch of competency and role. Framed by the dual constraints of cost and quality, this paper reviews nursing human resource optimized allocation in operating rooms, model construction and application of scientific scheduling, linkage between nursing manpower pool dispatch and scientific scheduling under the background of multi-campus hospital, with the aim of providing theoretical reference and practical insights for optimizing OR nursing human resource allocation in China.

Objective: To identify distinct latent classes and potential predictors of chronic pain trajectories following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), to provide a basis for formulating individualized intervention strategies. Methods: Patients undergoing TKA were recruited via convenience sampling from a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai from May to December 2020. The knee pain was assessed using Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score at admission, and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Latent profile mixed models and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify pain trajectories and their predictors. Results: A total of 336 patients who underwent TKA were included. Four distinct chronic pain trajectories were identified: moderate-to-severe pain with low improvement (5.4%); moderate-to-severe pain with high improvement (11.9%); moderate-to-severe pain with moderate improvement (80.7%); mild pain with no change (2.1%). Gender, preoperative Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire score, postoperative widespread pain, postoperative acute pain, and preoperative pain catastrophizing score were predictors of trajectories membership (P<0.05). Conclusion: Chronic postsurgical pain trajectories following TKA exhibit significant heterogeneity. The identified predictors can assist healthcare providers in early identification of high-risk patients and enable personalized interventions.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive care program for premature infants and evaluate its effect, and provide a reference for the home care of premature infants. Methods: The comprehensive care program for premature infants was developed based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model through literature review, semi-structured interviews, and the Delphi method. A total of 131 premature infants admitted to the NICU pre-discharge unit of a tertiary grade A hospital in Qingdao from October 2023 to May 2024 and its primary caregivers were selected as participants by convenience sampling. They were divided into an intervention group (n=66) and a control group (n=65) based on admission time. The control group received routine care and follow-up, while the intervention group implemented the comprehensive care program. The growth and development of premature infants, exclusive breastfeeding rates, as well as main caregivers' caregiving ability, parenting sense of competence etc. at the time of discharge, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge were compared between the two groups. Results: The results of the Generalized Estimating Equations showed that the growth trends of body weight of the intervention group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 1 month and 3 months after discharge, the exclusive breastfeeding rate of premature infants in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the caregiving ability, parenting competence and satisfaction on care of primary caregivers in the intervention group were also higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of comprehensive care program can improve the growth and development of premature infants, enhance parents' home caregiving ability and parenting sense of competence, and improve nursing satisfaction.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of nurses' medication safety behavior and the interaction mechanism among these factors, to provide a scientific basis for nurses' medication safety management. Methods: From November to December 2024, a total of 626 nurses from three tertiary general hospitals in the New District of Suzhou were selected through cluster sampling. The General Information Questionnaire, the Medication Safety Management Training Questionnaire, the Nurse Medication Environmental Perception Scale, the Chinese version of Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, the Medication Safety Competence Scale for clinical nurses, the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire of Nursing Interruptions, and the Nurse Medication Safety Behavior Questionnaire were used for the investigation. The influencing factors of nurses' medication safety behavior and the mechanism of action of these factors were analyzed through the structural equation model. Results: The score of nurses' medication safety behavior was 48.50±8.60. The model fitting indicators of the structural equation model were χ2/df=2.908, CFI=0.947, GFI=0.952, NFI=0.922, TLI=0.928, RMSEA=0.055, and IFI=0.947. Nurses' medication safety competence (β=0.383), nurses' perception of the medication environment (β=0.271) directly and positively influenced nurses' medication safety behavior. Medication safety management training [β=0.123, 95% CI (0.013, 0.361)], nurses' perception of the medication environment [β=0.095, 95%CI (0.010, 0.305)], nurses' attitude towards medication safety [β=0.077, 95%CI (0.005, 0.268)], and knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding nursing interruptions [β=0.120, 95%CI (0.009, 0.369)] could indirectly and positively influence nurses' medication safety behaviors through nurses' medication safety competence. Conclusion: Nurses' medication safety behavior is at a moderately high level. Medication safety management training and management of nursing interruption events should be implemented, nurses' perception of the medication environment should be enhanced, nurses' attitudes towards medication safety should be strengthened, and nurses' medication safety competence should be improved. Thus, nurses' medication safety behaviors would be promoted.

Objective: To systematically review the domestic and foreign research on unmet needs of patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF), and thus to provide reference for reducing those unmet needs. Methods: We searched related database from their inception to February 5, 2025. The data-based convergence and integration design was adopted to analyze the unmet needs of patients diagnosed with CHF. Results: A total of 15 studies were included, comprising 1,525 CHF patients. Notably, over 60% of the CHF patients experienced two or more unmet needs post-diagnosis. The final integration results showed 16 unmet needs in CHF patients, referring to physiological needs, activities of daily living, psychological problems, disease-related knowledge and skills defiency, mental problems; economic problems, lack of government support, lack of family support; decreased self-control in life, lack of medical staff support, shared decision-making with medical staff, transitional self-care program learning, discharge preparation, information need, mobile health, exploration of psychosomatic medicine and continuous nursing. Conclusion: Due to the long course and complex conditions of CHF, patients tend to suffer low quality of life. Since there are still many unmet needs that have not been solved, future in-depth researches are needed to construct more targeted CHF nursing intervention programs according to their unmet needs.

Objective: To explore the potential categories and influencing factors of self-management behavior in young patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) based on the intelligent follow-up platform, in order to refine the chronic disease management path of the platform. Methods: From August 2023 to August 2024, a total of 315 young patients with T2DM were investigated with Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities scale, Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale in a tertiary grade A general hospital in Tianjin by using convenience sampling method. Latent profile analysis was used to establish a potential category model. Disordered multi-classification Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of potential category in T2DM patients. Results: The total score of self-management behavior of young patients with T2DM was 35.62±0.86, and the self-management behavior was divided into three potential categories: low-efficacy (35.2%), moderate-efficacy (30.8%) and high-efficacy (34.0%). Disordered multi-classification Logistic regression analysis showed that patients' gender, educational level, occupation, family income, blood glucose attainment, anxiety and exercise self-efficacy were influencing factors of self-management behavior. Conclusion: The self-management behavior of young patients with T2DM is at an intermediate level, with obvious classification characteristics. Multiple factors affect the level of self-management behavior of this group, suggesting that nursing managers should implement individualized education for this group based on the intelligent follow-up platform to improve the loyalty and stickability of this group to medical services, so as to further improve their self-management level.

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of individualized diet table in the care of stroke patients with dysphagia, providing a reference for optimizing the dietary management strategies for patients. Methods: A non-simultaneous control study was conducted. A total of 121 stroke patients with dysphagia hospitalized in the Rehabilitation Center of a tertiary hospital in Xi'an from December 2022 to December 2024 were conveniently selected as the research subjects. The 60 patients admitted before December 2023 were assigned to the control group and received routine care, while the 61 patients admitted after January 2024 were assigned to the intervention group and received care guided by individualized diet table for assessment and measures. The differences in the incidence of dysphagia complications and the accuracy rate of nurses' assessment of dysphagia between the two groups were compared. Results: The incidence of aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition in the intervention group was significantly lower than those in the control group, and the serum prealbumin value in the intervention group were 4.9% and 8.2%, which were lower than those in the control group (30.0%, 18.3%), all differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The accuracy rate of nurses' assessment of dysphagia in the intervention group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of individualized diet table not only reduces the incidence of complications in stroke patients with dysphagia, improves their nutritional status, but also enhances the assessment ability of clinical nurses for dysphagia in stroke patients.

Objective: To investigate the current status of intravenous vascular access use and management in emergency departments of tertiary grade A hospitals in Beijing, analyze existing problems, and provide evidence for promoting professional and standardized management of intravenous therapy. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among nursing administrators or leaders of intravenous therapy teams in the emergency departments of 31 tertiary hospitals in Beijing in November 2024. A self-designed questionnaire was used, which included general information about the emergency department, the use, evaluation, and selection of vascular access, routine maintenance, and quality management. Results: All 31 emergency departments used peripheral venous indwelling needles, 14 emergency departments still used infusion steel needles, and 19 emergency departments adopted visualization technology for venous access placement; 25 emergency departments assessed patients' preferences for infusion tool selection, and 16 emergency departments chose venous indwelling needles when infusing vasoactive drugs; 24 emergency departments had IV therapy quality evaluation standards, and 4 emergency departments had IV therapy information management systems. Conclusion: Emergency departments have a variety of IV therapy tools and relatively comprehensive venous access assessment, but the standardization of IV therapy for vasoactive drug infusion needs to be strengthened.

Objective: To classify the developmental trajectory of Fear of Progression (FoP) after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease and to identify the influencing factors, providing a reference for healthcare professionals to develop effective intervention strategies. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 258 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent PCI in the cardiology department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Binzhou from April to December 2024. The Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) was employed to assess the FoP of the participants on the second day after surgery and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after discharge. The latent growth mixture modeling and unordered multinomial Logistic regression were utilized for data analysis. Results: Three trajectories of FoP after PCI in patients with coronary artery disease were identified: a high fear of rising then falling group (31.0%), a medium fear of slow decline group (45.7%), and a low fear of stabilization group (23.3%), respectively. Occupational status, family history of coronary artery disease, mode of intervention, social support, and disease perception were influential factors for the potential categories of FoP trajectory after PCI in patients with coronary artery disease (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Heterogeneity exists in the developmental trajectory of FoP after PCI in patients with coronary artery disease. Healthcare professionals need to develop targeted interventions based on the influencing factors of different categories to reduce patients' FoP levels.