Early rehabilitation nursing is a professional technology combined with rehabilitation medicine and nursing. The theory can guide the practice of early rehabilitation nursing, reduce the complications caused by bed rest, and improve patients' perception and outcome. This paper introduced the nursing management experiences of promoting early rehabilitation practice in our hospital. Under the guidance of "five emphases" early nursing rehabilitation concept formed in our hospital, rehabilitation nursing practice was promoted depending on "three stages", finally achieved well effects shown in "three early", "one shortening" and "three reducing". At the same time, some recommendations on the management of rehabilitation nursing were put forward. It is expected to provide reference in developing, practicing and popularizing early rehabilitation nursing in other medical institutions.

This article summarized the development of stroke rehabilitation nursing. The experiences from developed countries were introduced. The author suggested to accelerate the construction of rehabilitation specialist nurse training, increase the community rehabilitation nursing input, establish an multi-disciplinary cooperation model and improve the theoretical system of rehabilitate nursing. It is expected to provide information for the further development of rehabilitate nursing.

The construction of the training program of clinical nurse specialists in rehabilitation nursing was explored. The development of training program for nurse specialists in rehabilitation nursing included the following areas: establishment of expert committees for training and assessment of rehabilitation nursing specialists, standardised entry requirements for training nurses, use of theoretical and practical training models, and strict evaluation process of the training nurses. The training program of clinical nurse specialists in rehabilitation nursing was established and evaluated. It is expected to facilitate the development of rehabilitation nursing specialists.

This article analysed the geriatric rehabilitation model and related policies. It is expected to provide information and new ideas for geriatric rehabilitation in the future.

Neurogenic Bladder dysfunction is a deteriorating progress, while its recovery process takes long time. It is a big challenge to perform continuous nursing for patients with Neurogenic Bladder. This article summarized the continuous nursing mode to patients with Neurogenic Bladder in one hospital, analyzed the key points during practice. It is expected to provide information for rehabilitation nurses about continuous nursing of patients with Neurogenic Bladder.

Immobility complications include Pressure Ulcer, Deep Venous Thrombosis, lung infection and Urinary Tract Infection, which can be prevented and reduced by implementing standardized and effective nursing measures. We compile this consensus based on data analysis, summarized evidence and expert discussion. This consensus contains four parts: Press Ulcer, Deep Venous Thrombosis, lung infection and Urinary Tract Infection. In each part, the definition, clinical manifestation, risk factors, preventing and intervention measures are discussed.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Very Early Mobilization (VEM) in acute stroke patients. Methods: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of VEM in acute stroke patients. The studies were selected by the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the standard methodological procedures were used to extract the data and assess the quality. Data was analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results: 11 studies involving a total of 2 616 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that VEM could improve the ability of daily living, shorten hospital stay and reduce the incidence of complication related in bed (P<0.05) in acute stroke patients, and VEM didn't increase the incidence of death and adverse events (P>0.05), and didn't improve patients disability (P>0.05). Conclusion: VEM is safety and effective for acute stroke patients. Due to the high heterogeneity of the research index and insufficiency of the studies included, more researches with high quality and large sample size are needed to further evaluate the effect of VEM in acute stroke patients.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of exercise-related clinical practice guidelines for T2DM patients in order to provide the evidence for making clinical standardization guidance. Methods: We used computer to search databases, guideline network and related websites of diabetes professionals. The retrieval time was from 2010 to 2016. The published clinical guidelines of exercise for T2DM patients were recruited. Descriptive analysis included general information such as the name of the guideline, the issuing institution, the year of issue, the year of updating and the source of the guide. Results: A total of 5 guidelines were included, among which one was from China, 1 from Canada, 1 from England and 2 from the United states. The scores of guidelines according to the domains of AGREE II, from high to low, were respectively "scope and purpose" (96.1%), "clarity of presentations" (83.6%), "editorial independence" (76.3%), "participants" (69.7%), "rigour of development" (67.1%), and "applicability" (61.9%). Conclusion: The clinical nursing practice of T2DM exercises start late, and high quality clinical practice guidelines are quite few to support practice currently in China. Local practice of high quality guidelines should be developed to find evidence suitable for exercises of T2DM patients in china.

Objective: To develop the Self-management Scale for Atrial Fibrillation patients treated with warfarin. Methods: The initial scale was developed through literature review, semi-structured interviews, Delphi expert consultation and preliminary experiments. A total of 149 Atrial Fibrillation patients in 5 hospitals from Jiangsu province, Zhejiang province, and Shanghai were surveyed to test the reliability and validity of the initial scale. Results: The final scale contains 6 dimensions and 22 items. The cumulative interpretation variance.of the scale were 60.054%. The content validity index, Cronbach's α coefficient and test-retest reliability was 0.988, 0.773 and 0.829, respectively. Conclusion: The scale demonstrated good reliability and validity and can be used for the evaluation of self-management ability for Atrial Fibrillation patients treated with warfarin.

Objective: To translate and verify the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Short Form Coping and Adaption Processing Scale (CAPS-15). Methods: Translate the CAPS-15 into Chinese and culture it, Reliability and validity were tested with the Chinese version of CAPS-15, and the data collected was from 500 community residents when they were with physical examination. Results: The item content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.83 to 1.00, the average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.92. Structural validity analysis shows that CAPS-15 has single-dimensional features, and the structure is consistent with the original scale. The score of CAPS-15 was significantly correlated with SCSQ (r=0.558, P<0.01). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.815 and test-retest reliability was 0.834~0.990 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The Chinese version of CAPS-15 shows high reliability and validity, and it is a valid measurement to assess the coping level.

Objective: To evaluate the intervention effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for patients with chronic pain. Methods: We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline complete, CINAHL, CBMdisc (China Biology Medicine disc), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wan Fang Data, and VIP (China Science and Technology Journal Database) to collect Randomized Controlled Trails (RCTs) about the effectiveness of MBSR for patients with chronic pain. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software for eligible RCTs. Results: Totally 9 studies were retrieved and 960 patients were included. The Meta-analysis results showed that the improvement of pain intensity after intervention [SMD=-0.27, 95%CI(-0.39, -0.14), P<0.01] and after 6-month intervention [SMD=-0.35, 95%CI (-0.52, -0.18), P<0.01], anxiety level [SMD=-0.46, 95%CI (-0.69, -0.22), P<0.01] and quality of life [SMD=0.29, 95%CI (0.12, 0.47), P<0.01] after intervention had statistical significance. But the difference of depression and anxiety after 6-month intervention between the two groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The present evidences show that the MBSR can improve the pain intensity, anxiety level and quality of life for patients with chronic pain during a short period, but the effectiveness of depression and long-term effects still needs further studies to verify.

Artificial intelligence technology is a science that involves multiple fields and contains a variety of technologies, which aims to make machines replace people with complicated tasks. This paper reviewed the application of artificial intelligence technology in the elderly care at home and abroad, the role of the nurses in the development and application of artificial intelligence technology in elderly care, and the elderly care issues that can be solved by artificial intelligence technology, and analyzed the existing problems and put forward the coping measures to provide the reference for the application of artificial intelligence technology in elderly care in China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical nurses' performing frequency and importance rating of daily nursing tasks. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted, and 1 569 registered nurses working in different levels of healthcare institutions in Guangdong, Fujian province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were included in this study. Results: Among seven categories of nursing tasks, two of the most frequently performed activities were drug therapy related tasks and tasks on ensuring patients safety, and they both were rated as the most important by the nurses, followed by activities of taking care of patients and nursing assessment/evaluation. Ethical/legal tasks were performed with the lowest frequency but were rated with higher importance. Health education and communication/coordination were performed less and were rated less important as compared to tasks in other categories. Among the three items regarding teaching, research and management activities, teaching activities were performed with the highest frequency and were rated the most important, while research activities and management activities were performed less and were rated with lower importance. Conclusion: Drug therapy related performance, activities on ensuring patients safety, taking care of patients, and assessment/evaluation were the main tasks in clinical nursing care. Ethical/legal activities were well recognized by nurses, while sufficient time and energy were expected for nurses to perform health education and communication/coordination activities.

Objective: To explore the effects of implementing the standardized management system for specialty nurses in the Intensive Care Unites (ICU). Methods: Standardized management system was used in training and development of specialty nurses in ICU, including goal setting, position design, responsibility orientation, and standardized evaluation. The working performance of specialty nurses was observed, and the care quality, teaching quality and the satisfaction of the specialty nurses were compared before and after the implementation of the standardized management system. Results: The working performance of specialty nurses improved significantly after the application of the standardized management system. The nursing care quality and teaching quality improved (P<0.001). And the job satisfaction scores of the specialty nurses also increased after the new management system implementation (P<0.001). Conclusion: The standardized management system for specialty nurses can effectively promote their professional development, improve the care quality and teaching quality, and increase the job satisfaction of specialty nurses.

Objective: To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of the emotional management ability of nurses in tertiary hospitals, and to explore ways to improve the ability of emotional management. Methods: A total of 784 nurses from three tertiary grade A hospitals in Qingdao City were investigated by convenience sampling method. Results: The average score of emotional management of nurses was 3.24±0.31, only 14.2% of nurses knew and understood emotional management, only 4.3% of nurses received emotional management training. The multiple linear regression showed that emotional management knowledge, emotional management training, night shift, stress coping style and family relationship were factors affecting nurses' emotional management ability, which could explain the 17.9% of nurses' emotional management variation. Conclusion: The emotional management ability of nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals still need improvement, the awareness rate of emotional management knowledge and the training rate were rather low. Nurse managers should carry out training to improve their emotional management ability accordingly.

Objective: To describe the Horizontal Violence (HV) and the team psychological safety climate of nurses in tertiary hospitals and determine their relationships. Methods: A survey was conducted in 187 nurses from 6 departments of 2 tertiary hospitals in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province by using Horizontal Violence Scale and Team Psychological Safety Climate Scale. Results: There were 135 (72.2%) nurses in the study reported the HV, and "Blocking the passage of message" was the highest frequency in HV. The nurses with different professional titles and different staff relations reported HV at different levels (P<0.05). The average score of team psychological safety climate was 60.77±7.15. Those with HV reported lower scores at the total team psychological safety climate and each dimensions than those without HV (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nurses with junior professional title and contract nurses were more likely to report HV, it seems that a good humanistic environment, a suitable HV coping strategy or system could reduce the incidence of HV and improve the team psychological safety of nurses.

Untangling all kinds of nurses' work contents, qualifications, practice registration and career development experience in the United States. Based on the experience of the United States, this paper summarizes the problems in the hierarchical management of nurses in China, so as to provide reference for further research and practice.

Objective: To explore the emotional intelligence and work-family conflict in head nurses and determine their relationship. Methods: A survey was conducted in 418 head nurses from 8 Level-III hospitals in Beijing by using the general condition questionnaire, the Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFCS) and the Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS), and correlation analysis was performed to explore their relationship. Results: The average score on each dimension of work-family conflict was between 2.20 to 4.33. The average score of emotional intelligence was 3.78±0.81, and it ranged from 2.87 to 4.18, which was at the moderate level. The emotional intelligence was negatively correlated with work-family conflict of head nurses (r=-0.292~-0.119, P<0.05). Conclusion: The emotional intelligence and work-family conflict of head nurses were at the lower middle level on the whole, and they were negatively correlated with each other. It is suggested to assess the emotional intelligence in the selection of head nurse, and pay more attention to the training of emotional intelligence of head nurse.

Objective: To explore the application of case management model based on a chronic disease management APP and to provide evidence for the innovation of case management. Methods: The integrated, cross-disciplinary case management team model was performed to an elderly patient with multiple chronic diseases after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) through independent-developed APP of chronic disease management with wearable devices. Results: During a 3-month period of case management, the case management team identified and dealt with 2 times abnormal condition changes. No complications such as myocardial infarction and unexpected emergency or re-hospitalization occurred. All the management objectives were achieved. Conclusion: Case management model based on chronic disease management APP could give full play to the advantages of both m-health and case management and promote high quality and cost-effective service, which is worth popularizing.

Two aspects of risk factors and the research progress of prevention of non-invasive ventilator mask related pressure ulcers were reviewed, and outcomes of the review would be expected to offer references to work in practice and play a guiding role in reducing the incidence rate of non-invasive ventilator mask related pressure ulcers, improving patient comfort, reducing medical costs, ensuring the safety of patient care.

This paper has reviewed the research progress of concepts, assessment tools and influencing factors of patients' involvement in patient medication safety in order to provide reference for clinical nursing, fully implement the idea of patients for patient safety and improve patient medication safety.

This paper reviewed Demoralization Syndrome in patients with cancer. It summarized the concept of Demoralization Syndrome, Demoralization Scales, influence factors and nursing interventions. It is expected to provide information for nurses to improve Demoralization Syndrome in patients with cancer.

This paper summarizes the indications, ventilation methods and adverse events of foreign home mechanical ventilation, draws lessons from the experiences and methods of home mechanical ventilation in foreign countries, and puts forward development strategies of family mechanical ventilation in China, so as to promote the development and popularization of home mechanical ventilation in China.

Objective: To describe the current status and influencing factors of quality of life of patients with colostomy. Methods: A questionnaire, including demographic data and medical history, Social Support Revalued Scale (SSRS) and Stoma-Quality of life-Chinese (Stoma-QOL-C), was used to investigate 647 patients with colostomies. Results: The life quality of colostomy patients scored 57.07±16.03. The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that social support, stoma self-care ability, peristomial complication, irregular defecation, and leaking were its influencing factors, which could explain 29.9% of the variance of their quality of life. Conclusion: The life quality of colostomy patients remains to be further improved. We should encourage patients to deal with the stoma positively, help patients and their families to accept the stoma and the change of body image, in order to shorten their adaption process and improve their quality of life.

Objective: To investigate the effects of intensive rehabilitation program on patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Fifty-three TBI patients from January to October in 2016 were included in control group. During the daytime, they received a comprehensive rehabilitation program, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and psychotherapy; in the night, they received usual rehabilitation nursing, supervised and assisted by families or caregivers for self-exercise. Meanwhile, 51 TBI patients were included in the intervention group, and they received intensive rehabilitation program in combination with the programs received in control group. After the interventions, standard assessments on cognition, motor function and activity of daily living were conducted for all patients using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale and Barthel Index scale, respectively. Results: After the interventions, the scores of MMSE, Fugl-Meyer and Barthel Index were significantly improved (P<0.05) in both groups. Moreover, patients in the intervention group had higher scores based on the three assessments as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intensive rehabilitation program could further improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation among TBI patients from the perspective of nursing. It could be considered as a new working model for nurses, and is worthy of being generalized for TBI's rehabilitation in major hospitals.

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe vision loss in older adults. Along with the irreversible loss of vision, patients may suffer emotional disorders, daily life difficulties, etc. All of these will lead to patients' quality of life decline. Social psychological intervention plays a vital role in alleviating patients' psychological distress and social dysfunction, and improving their quality of life. In this paper, the authors summarized the methods, applications and effects of psychosocial interventions in patients with AMD. It could provide reference for improving the patients' quality of life in future.

This article described and reviewed concepts and developing process of different case management modes, as well as their detailed modes, team members, implementation and effects on patients with mental illness. Furthermore, it has looked far ahead into the future to figure out case management modes which would be more suitable for the fundamental realities of the country so as to offer reliable references to the practice of domestic management of mental healthcare in communities.

Objective: To strengthen construction of emergency rescue units in community hospitals and improve their emergency rescue service. Methods: Totally 18 community hospitals located in Shangyu District of Shaoxing City of Zhejiang province were included to conduct a cross-sectional investment using questionnaires, which contained four dimensions, namely general information of medical staff, fundamental facilities equipped in emergency rescue units, utilization of first aid technologies and epidemiology-related work in emergency departments. Current construction and problems of those invested units were depicted through percentages and constituent ratios. And recommendation for improvement were then proposed through discussion. Results: Nurses in the 18 hospitals surveyed accounted for 78 totally in number with the doctor nurse ratio being 1:0.7. Equipment aging was found in those emergency rescue units with first aid technologies far from being advanced. Of all the hospitals included, five provided open emergency beds, four were equipped with rescue rooms, six were able to employ mechanical ventilation and capacity recovery technologies, three offered cardiac pacing therapy and ten had promoted popularization of basic first aid information, while epidemiology-related work in other community emergency departments were still to be started. Conclusion: The construction of emergency rescue units of community hospitals in Shangyu District is not optimistic with a lack of manpower and material resources as well as necessities of emergency knowledge updating, meaning further improvement is inevitable. It is quite urgent that necessary support of manpower and material resources should be offered as well as enhanced training to emergency staff on new emergency knowledge and rescuing skills for the sake of fundamentally improving the construction of emergency rescue units in community hospitals and providing better emergency rescue service to patients.

The aim of this study was to review the research progress on the related stigma of dementia, including how it occurs, the tools to measure it, its influences, and how to reduce it. Based on the reflections on the current status and the characteristics of Chinese dementia population, we suggested some possibly useful strategies to reduce related stigma of dementia in China.

This paper discussed the concepts of Surrogate Decision Making and instruments applied in foreign studies. The influencing factors of Surrogate Decision Making were analyzed. It is expected to provide information for the studies of patient Surrogate Decision Making in China.

This paper summarized the cognition status about eye care in ICU nurses in our country, and analyzed both the influencing factors of Exposure Keratitis and its clinical nursing intervention in ICU patients. Prospect of eye care was put forward in order to provide theoretical basis for related research in China.