The infusion therapy plays very important role in clinical treatment. This article introduces the update information of the Infusion therapy practice standards of practice (INS 2016), compared with the 2011 edition. It is expected to provide complete instruction on infusion therapy practice.

Quality evaluation is a key part of the infusion therapy nursing management. This paper reviewed the structure indicator, process indicator and outcome indicator of the infusion therapy applied in previous researches, in combination with the nursing indicator development process. Recommendations to develop infusion therapy nursing indicators in China are provided.

Intravenous therapy team (IV team) was established in public hospital. The responsibilities of IV team members are identified according to their different roles. The IV team is expected to work effectively and play important role inquality control of long-term intravenous therapy.

Based on the analysis of three intravenous treatment cases, this paper explains the potential risks during the intravenous therapy. Some suggestions on risk prevention and safety management are provided.

Objective: To explore the practice of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in patients with severe diseases. Methods: 2580 patients with severe diseases were performed PICC from January 2015 to June 2016. New vascular grading standards were established. Blind insertion technology, ultrasound guidance technology, ultrasound catheter position preliminary judgment method and electrocardiogram (EKG) positioning special conversion clamp were applied during PICC. Results: For the 980 patients with severe vascular injury (38.0%), the successful rate of the blind insertiontechnology and the ultrasound guidance technology was 99.1 and 99.9% respectively. For the 851 patients with severe systemic edema (33.0%), the successful rate of the blind insertiontechnology and ultrasound guidance technology was 99.0% and 99.7% respectively. For the 439 patients with skin laxity (17.0%), the successful rate of the ultrasound guidance technology was 99.7%. For the 310 patients with severe limb contracture (12.0%), the successfulrate of the ultrasound guidance technology was 99.7%. Conclusion: The improved PICC technology can enhance the successful rate of catheterization in patients with severe diseases.

The risk factors related to Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)of newborns arereviewed in this paper. The nursing intervention methods are explored to reduce the incidence of PICC complications, extend the catheter retaining time, and improve the quality of life of newborn babies.

Objective: To construct an evaluation index system for the elderly-oriented level of home environment, so as to provide evaluation references for the content assessments and plans of home-based care service. Methods: Delphi technique was used to formulate evaluation index system for the elderly-oriented level of home environment through a two-round expert consultation among 37 experts. Results: The effective response rates of two rounds questionnaires were 97.4% and 97.3%. The experts' authority coefficient, determination coefficient and familiar coefficient were 0.803, 0.806 and 0.801 in the second round, respectively. The coordination of experts' opinions was statistically significant. The final evaluation index system included 9 first-level indicators and 76 second-level indicators. Conclusion: The evaluation index system for the elderly-oriented level of home environment is scientific and reliable, which can provide a systemic method to collect and collate information on the home environment for home-based care service providers, and lay a foundation for further researches and the practice of home-based care service.

Objective: To explore the effect of caregiver synchronous education on quality of life(QOL) among nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with radiotherapy. Methods: NPC patients treated with radiotherapy in two different head and neck departments in a tertiary cancer hospital from November to December, 2014 were recruited with 34 patients in one department as the experimental group and 33 patients in another department as the control group. The patients in the control group received conventional education and the patients in the experimental group received patients and caregivers' synchronous education. Patients' QOL was measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 before the intervention, 6 months and 12 months after discharge to compare the effect of the intervention in two groups. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the main intervention effect, the main time effect and the interaction between intervention and time on global health status, emotional function, social function and fatigue had statistical significance (P<0.05) in two groups. Conclusion: Caregiver synchronous education could improve the QOL of NPC patients treated with radiotherapy.

Objective: To observe and explore the effects of breast and acupoint massage on milk secretion and breast feeding at different time among women after delivery. Methods: Totally 150 women after delivery from July 2015 to February 2016 were recruited and randomly divided into 3 groups with 50 women in each group. The women in A, B, C group was given breast and acupoint massage at 2h, 12h, 24h after delivery, respectively. We compared postpartum serum prolactin levels, the first milk secretion time, 48 hours postpartum milk secretion, breast tenderness incidences and 30 days postpartum breastfeeding success rate among 3 groups. Results: The difference of the postpartum serum prolactin levels, among 3 groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference of the first milk secretion time was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference of the postpartum breast milk adequacy rate among three groups at 48h after delivery was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the difference of the 30 days postpartum breast feeding success rate had no statistically significance (P>0.05). Significant difference was observed on postpartum breast pain within 48 hours in three groups and the difference of III degree breast tenderness incidence was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with 12h, 24h postpartum intervention, breast and acupoint massage 2h after delivery could promote earlier and more milk secretion, reduce incidence of breast tenderness.

Spiritual care education is an important part of nursing education and a process of cultivating nursing spiritual care ability. We reviewed the nursing spiritual care education in aboard and in China to provide reference for related research and nursing spiritual care education.

Objective: To explore the relationship of the academic help-seeking, loneliness and professional adaptability, and the mediating role of academic help-seeking between loneliness and professional adaptability in college students of nursing. Methods: Totally 840 college students were assessed with the scale for Academic Help-Seeking behavior, UCLA loneliness Scale and the Professional-Adaptability Scale. Results: The loneliness was negatively associated with professional adaptability (r=-0.269, P<0.01). The dimensions of instrumental help-seeking was negatively associated with loneliness (r=-0.173, P<0.01) and the avoidance help-seeking was positively associated with loneliness (r=0.330, P<0.01); The dimensions of instrumental help-seeking and executive help-seeking was positive associated with professional adaptability (r=0.098-0.299, P<0.01). And the avoidance help-seeking was negatively associated with professional adaptability (r=-0.237, P<0.01). The result of structural equation modeling indicated that instrumental help-seeking and avoidance of academic help-seeking had partial mediation effect between loneliness and professional adaptability, the value of mediating effect was 29.8% and 41.3% respectively. Conclusion: The instrumental help-seeking and avoidance help-seeking play mediating role between loneliness and professional adaptability in college nursing students, indicating that loneliness would reduce professional adaptability by decreasing instrumental help-seeking and improving avoidance help-seeking.

Objective: To explore the effects of bedside teaching based on nursing competency in clinical teaching. Methods: Totally 60 undergraduate nursing students were recruited in the study, 29 students were in the control group which implemented traditional bedside teaching, while 31 students were in the experimental group which implemented bedside teaching based on nursing competency. To compare the bedside teaching effects of two groups at the end of practice. Results: Most items of questionnaire about bedside teaching process and effect in the experimental group were significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of learning report and case analysis test in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The model of bedside teaching based on nursing competency conduce to improve the effects of clinical teaching and assist nursing students to acquire key clinical competence. It makes foundation for future clinical work.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of Clinical Nurse Specialists related publications by bibliometric analysis. Methods: The literatures related to Clinical Nurse Specialists published in some Chinese core journals were collected, the key words for searching included specialty nurses, clinical practice nurse, and Clinical Nurse Specialists. CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data (from beginning to May 30th, 2016) were used for searching. Those qualified studies which met inclusion criteria were used to analyze. Results: Totally 138 papers were eligible for analysis. The first paper was published in 2001 and the number of published papers was the most in Guangdong province and in the year of 2011. The most frequently studied areas included ICU, emergency, operating nursing, diabetics, and cancer care. Most studies involved the training system for the Clinical Nurse Specialist. Conclusion: The unbalanced distribution of published papers in different regions and nursing care areas were observed. The existing problems included Clinical Nurse Specialist role confusion, and without united definition, training, certification and management system. It is urgent to identify the concept and develop the management system for Clinical Nurse Specialist.

In this article, the authors introduced the current situation of the nurses' humanistic spirit in China, and discussed the construction background and connotation of Sunshine pattern, and then described the measures that they had taken in their hospital based on the 8 aspects of Sunshine pattern. Finally, they analyzed the preliminary effects of the pattern on nurses, hospital and patients.

Objective: To translate the English version of organizational committment questionnaire into Chinese and to test the reliability and validity of this questionnaire. Methods: The organizational commitment questionnaire was translated between English and Chinese and forth. Totally 906 participants accepted the questionnaire investigation. Results: Three common factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis that interpreted the cumulative variation of 75.2%. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model had a satisfactory good ness-of-fit: 2/df=4.533, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)=0.085. Reliability analysis showed that Cronbach's α coefficient of 3 domains were ranged from 0.848 to 0.876. Retest correlation coefficients of the five facets ranged from 0.774 to 0.951. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the organizational commitment is reliable and valid, and can be used to measure the status of organizational commitment in Chinese health care professionals.

In order to investigate the post management and performance evaluation methods, we analyzed Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) job categories and properties, set up post instructions, and made responsibilities and qualifications clear. Based on the nursing department's framework of N1 : N2 : N3 : N4 : N5=2 : 8 : 4 : 3 : 1 for the post level proportion of CSSD nurses, nurses should compete their posts according to their education background, professional title, work experience, professional skills and the ability for the post level. By "worker-post-matching" scheduling form and making job performance evaluation on the basis of post level and quantity and quality of work, we improved the motivation and service awareness of employees, improved the work quality and work efficiency, and enhanced the satisfaction of medical staff, operating room and clinical departments.

Objective: To investigate the status of nurse transformational leadership and team efficacy and analyze the relationship between them. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study, 345 nurses from 13 departments in a tertiary grade A hospital in Tianjin were investigated with transformational leadership scale and team efficacy scale. Results: The general scores of transformational leadership and team efficacy were 105.97±18.94 and 43.75±7.84, respectively. There was a significant correlation between them (r=0.785, P<0.001). Conclusion: The transformational leadership of nurse managers could influence the team efficacy. It is suggested that nurse managers should increase their transformational leadership to improve nurses' team efficacy.

Objective: To investigate current status of emotional labor of geriatrics nurses under Treat-care Mode, and analyze the influence of the demographic characteristics to emotional labor, thus provides empirical evidence to nurse managers to guide and provide better management about emotional labor to nurses. Methods: General data questionnaire and Nurses mood scale were used to survey emotional labor of 102 geriatrics nurses under Treat-care Mode in a tertiary class A hospital in Anhui province, using the convenience sampling method. Results: The overall score of emotional labor was (3.49±0.07), which is in a medium high level. Among them, the three dimension scores from high to low in turn for: deep play (5.06±0.62), emotional expression requirement (3.77±0.10), the surface performance (3.08±0.10). It was found by statistical analysis that there existing difference that statistically significant of each dimension of emotional labor between nurses in different group of age, marital status, education and income. Conclusion: Generally, the emotional labor of geriatrics nurses under Treat-care Mode was in an average level. It was suggested that the nursing administrators should to strengthen training of emotional labor for geriatrics nurses, especially those with low qualification.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) is widely used abroad in the nursing performance management. It can effectively promote the nursing comprehensive management. In this article, the authors reviewed the related concepts, application status, current problems and countermeasures related to the application of Key Performance Indicators in nursing performance management.

Objective: To investigate the present situation of professional identity among Clinical Nursing Specialists (CNS) from tertiary hospitals in Haikou, and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: The Nurse Professional Identity Scale (NPIS, Chinese version) was used to investigate all 198 CNS from tertiary grade A hospitals in Haikou. Results: Their NPIS was 5.70±0.62, the descending order of standardized score in the 7 dimensions was self determination, the sense of organization, the sense of meaning, the sense of self efficacy, the sense of patient influence, the sense of feeling holding, the sense of coherence. The average scores of NPIS in different fields were 5.23-6.20, the descending order of standardized score in the different fields was stoma care, critical care, PICC, operation room nursing, blood purification nursing, oncology nursing, emergency nursing, and nutrition nursing. There are significant differences among nurses from different fields in the scores of general NPIS and several dimensions, including feeling holding, the sense of coherence, and the sense of meaning. Professional positions, gender, post allowance, specialist in the ICU field, continuing education, participating in academic meetings, publishing papers entered the regression equation, the combined interpretation 35.8% of the total variation. Conclusion: The NPIS of Clinical Nursing Specialist from tertiary grade A hospitals in Haikou is at a high level. The score in self determination dimension is the highest, while that of sense of agreement is the lowest. Professional identities of Clinical Nursing Specialist from different fields are different.

Objective: To investigate the status of the nurses' emotional intelligence, coping styles and the professional image, and explore their relationship further. Methods: Totally 519 clinical nurses from 12 general hospitals were investigated by using the conceptual scale of the professional image of nursing, emotional intelligence scale and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) with the method of stratified cluster sampling. Results: The dimension with highest score in the nurses' emotional intelligence was self-emotional evaluation (15.44±2.40) ,while the active coping style dimension in the SCSQ got the highest score (2.01±0.46). Moral and conscience was the strongest self-perception image (4.53±0.53) and respected profession was the most desired professional image (4.46±0.78) of nurses. The nurses' emotional intelligence and coping styles were positively correlated with the professional image of nursing (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nursing managers would strengthen the nurses' ability to deal with their emotion for improving the care quality through increasing the professional image of nurse.

Objective: To explore the application and evaluation of SOP manual in the quality control of breast specialist care. Methods: List and classify the various breast specialist care through links, steps and content, using strategies to refine and quantify the key control points of each steps. After several rounds practice summarizes, the optimized design can be achieved in Visio software, and finally be written into breast specialist care SOP manual to guide the daily nursing practice. Results: After the application of SOP manual, the rate of defect rate was lower than before, and the quality of nursing and patient satisfaction were higher than before (P<0.05). Conclusion: Specialist SOP manual is the guide which regulates nursing behavior, reduces nursing risks, and ensure the safety of patients. It can effectively improve the nursing efficiency and quality.

Objective: To reduce the Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) in lung cancer patients. Methods: Established a nursing mode to control the appearance of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and identified patients' satisfaction. Results: After implementation of the nursing mode, nurses' knowledge about CINV was increased (P<0.001). The vomiting control score and vomiting degree were also improved (P<0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of non-vomiting ward management mode increased nurses' knowledge and skills, and improved the quality of management of vomit.

We designed nursing learning resource platform in our hospital based on nursing mobile information system. This platform could enhance the convenience and increase the channel of nursing students' theoretical knowledge learning. At the same time, the platform could improve the objectiveness of the students' evaluation and the contents unity of the nurses' training.

With the increase of aging population and care burden, the incidence of elder abuse is rising. Elder abuse has attracted more and more attention in the whole society. In this review, the authors summarized the tools forelder abuse assessment and analyzed the influence factors of elder abuse. It could provide a reference fordeveloping local assessment tools in China to predict the elder abuse events, and then effective interventions could be formulated and implemented to increase the elder's care quality.

Objective: To assess the effect of acute thrombolysis protocol on "door-to-needle time" (DTN) and improvement in outcomes following acute stroke. Method: A protocol for faster DTN was introduced and nursing process was optimized. We reviewed the outcomes before and after the introduction of the new protocol. Results: After implementing new protocol, DTN was significantly reduced, as well as staffs' satisfaction was improved. Conclusion: Implementation of specific protocols to reduce DTN leads to improve outcomes.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with referral to cardiac rehabilitation of patients 1 year after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in remote areas of Heilongjiang. Methods: Totally 299 PCI patients were recruited. Demographic factors and cardiac rehabilitation referral status questionnaire, knowledge and behavior of secondary prevention after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention questionnaire, coronary artery disease health belief scale were evaluated for the study. Results: Logistic regression showed that age, education background, medical costs, knowledge and health belief were associated with referral to cardiac rehabilitation (P<0.05). Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential need for hospital-level interventions to improve cardiac rehabilitation referral rates after PCI among patients in remote areas.

In-hospital delay is the main reason of the delay of thrombolysis treatment within the time window for acute ischemic stroke patients. Therefore, it is very urgent to optimize in-hospital emergency treatment process. We summarized domestic and international research of emergency treatment process optimization for acute stroke thrombolysis in this paper by literature review in order to find mechanism and the key link of optimization reengineering and to provide evidence-based references for clinical practice.

Because of critically ill and deep sedation, ICU patients could not express their end-of-life decisions, especially when facing emergency condition. In this paper, We elaborated the current status of end-of-life decisions in ICU,explored the influencing effect of family meetings on end-of-life decision for the critically ill patients. We found proactive and well prepared family meetings could facilitate the final decision-making of critical patients. However, we still lack effective method about how to comply with the wishes of the critically ill patients and their families in end-of-life decisions, and face the challenges in ICU.

Objective: To explore the effects of nursing intervention in infectious hepatitis patients with interferon injection at home. Methods: Totally 116 infectious hepatitis patients were randomly divided into two groups: 54 in control group and 62 in experiment group. Routine education and nursing intervention were provided to each group respectively. The knowledge and behavior of medical waste treatment were assessed after three months. Results: The knowledge of medical waste between the experiment group and control group were significant different (P<0.05), which were (13.21±5.31) and (7.52±3.80) respectively. The incidence of needle stick injury between the two groups were significant different (P<0.05), which were 6.45% and 31.41% respectively. The correct rate of the treatment method of the observation group was 75.00%, the control group was 17.65%, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The nursing interventions in chronic infectious hepatitis patients can improve patients' knowledge and behavior of medical wastes treatment. It can improve their quality of life and decrease the spread of infectious diseases and environmental pollution.

Objective: To summarize the experience of first aid nursing and management for a large number of wounded from the tornado disaster in Funing at June 23rd. Methods: The emergency plan was carried out immediately, all the medical staff prepared to await orders. The regional function of emergency department was regulated accordingly. All the medical staff had clear job description and collaborated with each other. Results: All the wounded received rapid and effective triage, first aid nursing and safe transportation. Conclusion: Effective organization and management is the key point of dealing with accidents. The emergency response ability of nursing staff was related to the efficiency of emergency treatment.

The development of nursing science relies on the quality of nursing faculty. This article provides an overview of the construction of nursing faculty in American universities. By delineating the current structure, explaining the issues and summarizing the corresponding strategies, it is expected to improve the nursing faculty construction in China.