Scientific nursing research is needed to deliver effective nursing practice based on scientific evidence in order to improve the patients’ outcomes. This paper introduced how to extract scientific research material from nursing management and clinical practice in order to provide guidance and reference for nursing staff to acquiring nursing research materials.

Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) is the bridge between evidence and practice. There is a global trend of developing, implementing, and updating CPG. This article reviewed the development of CPG, and discussed the significance of CPG in improving quality of care and effectiveness of clinical nursing decision-making, taking the example of "AIDS Care Guideline Development and Implementation Project".

Knowledge Translation (KT) is the method of applying research evidence or evidence based clinical practice guidelines into clinical practice to improve practice, change knowledge users’ behaviour, and improve the quality of patient care. While KT research has made significant progress in western countries, it only started gaining attention in China in recent years. This paper aims to provide a basic description of key concepts and theoretical frameworks in KT research, in order to promote the development of KT research in China.

Donabedian emphasized that "there is no measurement, no quality", so we can know the importance of measurement for quality. We always used indicator to monitor healthcare structure, process and outcome, and thus according to improving the healthcare quality. Although indicator’s project developed in Taiwan was later than developed countries, but Taiwan province had many localized quality indicators measurement system, such as TCPI, THIS, and TCHA. Far Eastern Memorial Hospital introduced TQIP project indicators to construct internal indicators for quality monitoring system, which were development of standard documents for monitor and improvement guideline. Taking forward the process of nursing quality care, we established quality knowledge through each training program, and applied control chart to monitor daily care active, used the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action ) to improve quality, and communicate with hospital peer groups.According to quality system of setting up, developing, spreading, analysising and reviewing, these indicators can be used in nursing quality system, and taked forward towards high quality of "patient-centered care".

Objective: To investigate the effect of a training and management method on clinical research design ability and thesis writing ability of operating room nurses. Methods: The research group investigated and analyzed the clinical research design ability and thesis writing ability of operating room nurses by using Nursing Research Capacity of Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. Then, nursing managers adopted targeted training management method. We compared nurses' scientific research design ability, thesis writing ability, and successful publication rate of nursing research papers in 2014 with those in 2015. Results: By using the targeted training management method, nurses' nursing research design ability and thesis writing ability were improved significantly (P<0.05). The successful publication rate of nursing research papers was improved significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: The targeted training management method can effectively improve operating room nurses' clinical research design ability and thesis writing ability.

This article introduced the clinical nursing research in Advocate Christ Medical Center in American,including nursing research philosoph, nursing research council, requirements for nursing research from Magnet hospital certification standard, research nurses, IRB Approval, research funding application, and research finding dissemination.These points could certainly provide revelation for improving clinical nursing research in China.

Nursing Practice Guideline of Acute Heart Failure is the first evidence-based clinical practice recommendation and models of nursing care for Acute Heart Failure patients in China. Nursing practice standards are clearly identified by recommendation opinions and flow charts in the document from rapid assessment, triage, treatment,monitoring, transfer, information providing and follow-up for Acute Heart Failure patients. This nursing practice guideline is a comprehensive and objective document providing resources necessary for clinical nursing decision-making. This editorial has some suggestion for healthcare practices using the recommendations to facilitate multidisciplinary models of care and improve development of evidence-based Acute Heart Failure care.

Nursing Practice Guideline (NPG) is a clinical decision-making tool to narrow the gap between the current best evidence and clinical practice. Developing guidelines need adopt internationally accepted standards and methods, while selecting prioritizing topics of NPG is one of the foremost steps in the development of NPG. The selecting process took place in 4 steps as follows: carrying out need assessment, searching for evidence based resources,constructing evidence-based problems, and organizing experts to review. Finally 9 clinical problems to be solved urgently were identified in the "Nursing Practice Guideline of Acute Heart Failure". It guided the follow-up formation of evidence retrieval and recommendation opinion formation.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the role of home monitoring in interstage management of infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome or single ventricle defect. Method: Computer searched among following databases:Cochrane Library, JBI Library and the databases of Medline, EMbase, Pubmed, BIOSIS Previews, CBM, CNKI or Wanfang, and the publication language was limited to English and Chinese. Randomized controlled trial or quasiexperimental studies were used to analysis the articles. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to JBI criteria. Results: Nine quasi-experimental studies involving 1257 patients were included. The difference of weight gain during the period of palliative care was 1.64 g/day (95%CI: -1.31~4.58) between intervention group and control group and the survival odds ratio was 3.24 (95%CI: 1.64~6.42). Conclusion: Home monitoring can lead to a decrease in interstage mortality, but the impact on weight gain was not sure.

Objective: To explore the effect of interaction model on management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in community. Methods: A total of 82 patients with T2DM from two different communities were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The control group patients got traditional management, while patients in experimental group accepted interactive intervention. Then patients' self-management behavior and blood glucose control status (HbA1c level) of the two groups were evaluated before and 6 months after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, the self-management behavior scores of the two groups improved significantly, and the score in experimental group was higher than that of the control group, except for medication compliance dimension. And HbA1c level of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The interactive intervention model could improve the self-management behavior, and then effectively control the blood-glucose of patients with type 2 diabetes in community.

Objective: To investigate sleep quality and impact factors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). Methods: Totally 120 patients with inflammatory bowel disease were investigated. Participants completed a survey on socio-demographic characteristics, the Pittsburgh Quality Sleep Index (PSQI) and the Disease Activity Index (DAI).Result:The incidence of sleep disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease was 55.8% (Ulcerative Colitis: 47.6%;Crohn's Disease: 64.9%). The PSQI total score was 8.07±2.91, which was significantly higher than normal values (P<0.05).In decreasing order, the score of each domain of the PSQI was sleep latency (1.62±0.74), subjective sleep quality (1.54±0.66),sleep duration (1.16±0.71), sleep disturbance (1.10±0.42), sleep efficacy (0.89±0.63), the use of sleeping medications(0.17±0.37), the score of daytime dysfunction was 1.59±0.76. Stepwise regression analysis showed that active disease,unemployed, female and using hormonal drugs were related to sleep quality. Conclusion:Patients with IBD have poor sleep quality, which associate with DAI, the situation of work or study, gender and medication. Sleep quality evaluation should be considered as a part of inflammatory bowel disease management program.

Objective: To explore the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between rumination and Posttraumatic Growth in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Totally 218 patients with hemodialysis from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University were assessed with the general information questionnaire, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI),Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Event Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI). Regression analysis and Bootstrap were used to test the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between rumination and Posttraumatic Growth. Results: Posttraumatic Growth was positively correlated with resilience anddeliberate rumination (r=0.76 and r=0.55, P<0.01), and was negatively correlated with intrusive rumination (r=-0.14, P<0.05). Deliberate rumination was positively associated with Posttraumatic Growth (β=0.169, P<0.01). In addition, resilience mediated the relationship between rumination and Posttraumatic Growth, and the value of mediating effect was 6.1%. Conclusion: Resilience may play a partial mediating role between rumination and Posttraumatic Growth in hemodialysis patients.

Objective: To explore the effect of flip classroom and micro-lectures on educational environment,academic emotions and academic motivations of nursing students. Methods: A total of 62 nursing students in 2 Classes in Dalian Medical University were selected by drawing lots and were randomly assigned into control group and experimental group taught in flip classroom. The effects of the two groups were evaluated by questionnaire and classroom examination.Results: Students in the experimental group significantly outperformed those in the control group in terms of medical educational environment, academic motivations and academic emotions (P<0.05). Conclusion: Applying flip classroom in nursing can enhance students' performance, improve medical educational environment and academic motivations.

Objective: To explore the effects of the Frame-of-Reference Training on Nursing-Mini-CEX rater training.Methods: We used Frame-of-Reference Training model to train 32 teachers who were recruited by convenience sampling method .We made the demo video and get the standard score. Multi-sensory channels were used during the training by playing the video 1,2. Then we observed the consistence and accuracy of the score and investigated their satisfaction to training. Results: The later video's Kendall's W was 0.818, and the weighted Kappa was 0.872. The overall consistency reliability was higher than the former video. There were no significant difference were found between the rater and standard score (P>0.05). Teacher's satisfaction score was (4.06±0.72) on training method, and (3.38±1.07) on training time.Conclusion: The frame-of-reference training could improve the consistence , accuracy , and satisfaction of the rater and be worth of applying in clinical rater training.

Objective: To build the performance appraisal system in operation room and analyze the clinical application effect. Methods: Construct operating room performance appraisal system framework, including operative cooperation difficulty, total working time, overtime, job title, plus and minus items. Analysis the operation room clinical comprehensive nursing quality, employees satisfaction, and surgeons and anesthetist evaluation on nursing staff. Results:Obvious improvement was found in the operation room clinical comprehensive nursing quality. Employees satisfaction of performance appraisal system among nurses was improved, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Surgeons and anesthetists were more satisfied over nurses performance on the following areas: preparation, checking,operative cooperation, job responsibilities, self-motivation, and attitude (P<0.05). Conclusion: The performance appraisal system in operating room can improve the clinical nursing quality, employee satisfaction and improve the level of holistic nursing in operating room.

Objective: To explore the effects of standardized nursing training on nurses' self-directed learning capability in Beijing municipal hospitals. Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to recruit all the new nurses in 2014 from three standardized pilot training hospitals and other three non-pilot training hospitals in Beijing. The self-designed questionnaires were used to evaluate the nurses' self-directed learning capability before and after the intervention.Results: After the one-year standardized training, the mean score of self-directed learning capability of nurses from pilot standardized training hospitals was improved from (125.21±17.82) to (130.31±16.87), and higher than that of the non-pilot hospital nurses (125.80±16.04), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the subgroup of nurses with bachelor degree or above. The subgroup of nurses with qualifications showed an improved scores of core competence (P<0.05). Conclusion: Standardized training had a positive effect on the self-directed learning capability of nurses, especially for nurses with lower education level.

Objective: To investigate the training needs of management post for clinical nursing managers with different professional titles in Hunan Province. Methods:All nursing managers from secondary and teriary hospitals inHunan province were recruited and investigated by questionnaires. Results: There were significant differences in the demands of case discussion, group interaction, and self-learning of the training mode among nursing managers with different professional titles (P<0.05) There were significant differences in the demands of interpersonal communication,performance assessment, team building, nursing research, training teaching, nursing information management, time management, head nurse role, and executive power of head nurses of the training courses among nursing managers with different professional titles (P<0.01) There were significant differences in the demands of training teachers (P<0.01).Conclusion: Designing nursing manager training should consider the similarities and differences of training mode, content, and teachers among nursing managers with different professional titles.We also expect the researchers could conduct more survey on training needs from different perspectives to improve the training system.

Objective: To describe the nursing human resource development in Traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals of Chongqing. Methods: A structured questionnaire was sent to a convenience sample of 43 tertiary and secondary traditional Chinese medicine hospitals in Chongqing. Results: From 2011 to 2015, the ratio of in-patient beds to nurses decreased. Most of the nurses had junior professional titles, and received a college education or above. The percentage of nurses who graduated from traditional Chinese university came down year by year. The percentage of nurses who trained in tertiary Traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals decreased. Conclusions: The findings underline the importance of human resource development and its practices in Traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals. Nurse managers need to implement strategically steered human resource development in order to maintain high quality of care in the future.

Objective: To assess the turnover intention of dialysis nurse specialists in Hunan province, and to identify the impact factors. Methods: Using a cluster sampling technique, 740 dialysis nurse specialists were surveyed.The Chinese version of Index of Work Satisfaction (IWS) and the Chinese version of Turnover Intention Questionnaire (TIQ) were used to collect data. The nurses' demographic data were also collected. Results: The total score of TIQ was (14.02 ± 3.30). The domain "get the possibility of external work" got the highest score, and "quit the current job possibilities" got the lowest.44 participants got high turnover intention (5.95%). The study revealed a negative relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention (P<0.05). Turnover intention was influenced by working units, years of work experience and IWS.Conclusions: The findings suggest that turnover intention of dialysis nurse specialists is high. This study is beneficial for hospital management to increase nurses' job satisfaction and retention.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of standardized Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) training for newly qualified nurses, with a view to improving the quality of nursing service. Methods: Data was collected from June 2014 to June 2015 on 54 newly qualified nurses.TCM theory, clinical nursing skills, TCM specialty skills and patients'satisfaction were tested before and after 3 months TCM training. Result: After TCM training, TCM theory, clinical nursing skills, and TCM specialty skills were increased from 70.2 to 94.5 points, patients' satisfaction was increased from 88.5% to 96.8%.Conclusion: The standardized TCM training was positively evaluated and led to a standardized approach to training for newly qualified nurses, and also improved quality of nursing service.

Objective: To investigate the standard management model of patients admission process in odrer to optimize inpatient service processes, improve efficiency of hospital stay, provide quality and convenient hospital services. Methods:Inpatient service center was estatlished in the pilot departments (gynecological and vascular surgery) to carry out standard management of patients admission process, which included arranging admission date, patient education and preassessment,ensure the safety of arrival of patient to the specified units. Results: The average occupancy time by department of gynaecology in hospital services center to complete notification admission, physician orders, blood and check were 3.63min,3.20min, 2.35min, 95.00min. respectively, and vascular surgery were 3.75min, 2.70min, 2.20min, 61.20min. Number of discharged patients, hospital beds turnover and number of surgical cases were more increased than before. The average length of stay prior to surgery and daily average length of stay were shorter than the previous embodiment. Discussion: Admission day patient unified management model was increased the time that the ward physicians and nurses management hospital patients effectively. It also played a role in improving and shorting the length of stay, improving the utilization of medical resources.

Objective: To explore the effect of using Quality Control Circle (QCC) management tool in reducing patients' discharging time. Methods: With the principle of PDCA circulation, we set up a QCC group and established the activity themed as "reducing patients' discharge time". Then we invested the current situations and analyzed the reasons.Finally, we set several goals and took some countermeasures. Results: After implementing the QCC activity, patients' discharging time decreased from 204.38±14.44 min to 99.66±23.48 min (P<0.01), and the General Self-efficacy and Intangible results score of nurses were increased (P<0.01). Those differences were statistically significant. Conclusion:Implementing the QCC activity can reduce patients' discharging time and optimize the discharging workflow. It can also increase nurses' capacity of quality management and improve the quality of nursing.

In order to be able to follow the predicted changes in healthcare systems, there has long been a need for a unified database that could transparently compare nursing care data from different service providers. The development of Nursing Minimum Data Sets (NMDS) has demonstrated that nursing care data can be sufficiently compared. The aim of the literature review is to raise the current level of knowledge regarding NMDS and to develop a structured description of NMDS, which can be a reference for China.

Objective: To discuss the ways and methods of building health service system for stroke patients based on the APP information system, and to expand the application of the system. Methods: The preparation phase was a survey on the demand of stroke patients who were discharged to understand their needs so as to lay a foundation for further research.The preliminary use phase was to update and debug the software due to problems revealed by the first-time online use,namely, too much words and unstable factors. The implementation phase was to comb the complete operation process and update it online to provide convenience for patients. Results: The use of the APP preliminarily realized the seamless docking of in-hospital model and in-home model. Personalized nursing care plans and online consulting services provided professional security assurance for specialized continued health services of patients and effectively relieved patients’ confuse when they were at home. Conclusion: The development of "Doctor and Nurse" APP software preliminarily realized the health service system in which medical care was closely linked to nursing care. Besides, the software could facilitate effective management of patients and solve the problems of stroke patients from multiple perspectives.

In the mode of modern healthcare services, communication skill has become a core professional skill of nursing staff. Appropriate communication in nursing practice is very important for medical safety and harmonious nurse-patient relationship.This review introduces the connotation and application of situation-background-assessment-recommendation (SBAR) communication mode in patient handover,physician-nurse communication and quality management, aiming at providing reference for better understanding and applying SBAR in clinical practice.

Objective: To provide reference for hospital to carry out continuing education, this paper has explored the status of knowledge on ICU-acquired weakness in Intensive Care Unit nurses. Methods: Using questionnaire to investigate 470 nurses in three tertiary grade A hospitals in Henan province and taking semi-structured interview method to interview 20 clinical nurses and nursing managers who came from a tertiary comprehensive teaching hospital. Results: The average score of the related knowledge about ICU-acquired weakness in nurses was 32.17±4.39 and score rate was 54.3%. The main reasons causing this phenomenon were lacking of systematically and professional training, single access methods and low attention. Professional title, educational level and working length were the main factors that influenced the knowledge score. Conclusion: In order to reduce the mortality rate, disability rate, the time stay in hospital, hospitalization costs,improve the quality of life and satisfaction of patients, the professional knowledge training is necessary in hospital.

Objective: To explore the effect of health education based on Health Promotion Model among women with overactive bladder. Methods: Totally 173 women with overactive bladder in our hospital were recruited from Jan. 1, 2015 to Jun. 30, 2015, and were randomly divided into the study group (n=87) and the control group (n=86). Health Promotion Lifestyle Questionnaire (HPLP), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS) and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ)were used to investigate patients at admission and 3 months after discharge. Results: After 3 months' intervention, the scores of health responsibility, stress coping, exercise, self-fulfillment in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). OABSS scores before and after the intervention was (7.82±3.23) points and(3.10±2.24) points, and the difference was statistically significant (t=11.268, P<0.001). After the intervention, voiding symptoms in KHQ severity rating scale, restricted movement, restricted social behavior, symptom response, and all dimensions of KHQ scores were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Health education based on Health Promotion Model could effectively establish healthy behavior, improve patient symptoms and health status.

It is hard and challenging to work in Intensive Care Unit. Clinical manager has been focused on the efficient evaluation of nursing workload and the reasonable allocation of nursing staff, so as to optimize resource utilization and improve work efficiency. Therapeautic Intervention Scoring System (TISS) is widely used in many countries to evaluate disease severity of the patients in ICU, quantize the workload of nursing staffs, calculate scientifically the allocation, application and cost saving of ICU medical resource. This article summarizes the development and application of TISS, and introduce the usage, application as well as its limitations for clinical reference.

Objective: To understand the quality of life of elderly patients who are more than three months after the osteoporotic hip fracture surgery and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted.Medical coping style questionnaire, general self-efficacy scale and health status questionnaire (SF-36) were used to investigate 200 patients. Results: The score for each dimension and the total score on quality of life in patients who were three months after osteoporotic hip fracture surgery were lower than that of the domestic norms (P<0.01). Multiple regression analysis have shown that in terms of physical health, age and unhealthy lifestyles negatively predicted patients' quality of life while gender, economic status, complications, self-efficacy and facing coping style positively predicted it.In terms of mental health, age, family relationships, yielding coping style and avoiding coping style negatively predicted patients' quality of life while marital status and self-efficacy positively predicted it. Conclusion: The quality of life in patients who are three months after the osteoporotic hip fracture surgery was poor. Targeted nursing interventions should be taken to encourage patients to take positive coping style, to enhance patients' self-efficacy, to avoid unhealthy lifestyles and to provide necessary social supports, and ultimately to improve their quality of life.

This paper discussed the relationship between evidence-based nursing and individualized nursing. The concept, practical procedure and elements of evidence-based nursing emphasized the individualized needs of patients.Individualized nursing required instruction based on scientific evidence. Evidence-based nursing and individualized nursing are both contradictory and unified , helped and complemented each other.