This paper introduces the main content and progress of the domestic and foreign standards concerning Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD), which mainly focuses on the five aspects of domestic hospital infection control standards, pharmaceutical industry standards and international CSSD standards including: quality management, product instructions, cleaning technology, packaging technology and sterilization technology. It is emphasized that in order to guarantee the safety and quality of the reprocessing of reusable medical devices, CSSD should take the initiative to better ensure their quality control and management according to the both fast updated and highly technical standards.

Objective: To understand the current situation and problems of the centralized management mode in Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD), so as to provide reference for promoting centralized management. Methods: A questionnaire survey using Wenjuanxing was conducted in 2625 hospitals with CSSD from 28 provinces (including autonomous regions and municipalities) in 2021. Results: Among the 2621 CSSD that completed the effective questionnaire, 2132 (81.3%) had implemented the centralized management. Tertiary hospitals had the highest rate of centralized management (87.4%). Insufficient employees, equipment and area were the top three reasons restricting centralized management. The instrument with the lowest rate of centralized management was flexible endoscopy (27.1%), followed by oral instruments (69.3%). Conclusion: Changing concept, increasing investment of both manpower and equipments in CSSD and improving centralized management of instruments can further improve the implementation of centralized management.

Objective: To investigate the use of out-of-hospital disinfection supply services in medical institutions, grasp the key links of disinfection supply management, and provide scientific basis and reference for the implementation of the basic standards and management norms in Chinese Central Sterile Supply Department. Methods: In 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 506 medical institutions in China that use out-of-hospital disinfection supply services by means of target sampling. Results: Totally 49.8%(252) of the medical institutions chose the disinfection supply service provided by nearby hospitals, and 50.2% (254) of the medical institutions chose the disinfection supply service to choose the disinfection supply center. The highest proportion of sterilized instruments sent out of hospital was "conventional surgical instruments", 69.4% (351). The implementation rate of all requirements in the national health industry standard for out-of-hospital disinfection supply services in public medical institutions at all levels was 59.2% to 92.2%, and the difference was statistically significant among different levels of public medical institutions (P<0.05). Conclusion: The overall management level of out-of-hospital disinfection supply service in medical institutions needs to be improved. Quality management and management of full-time disinfection supply personnel should be strengthened, and a temporary storage room for collecting contaminated devices and a room for handing over and distributing sterilized items should be set up reasonably. It is recommended that when revising the hygiene industry standards for disinfection supply centers, medical institutions with a large volume of cleaning and disinfection prioritize establishing self-built disinfection supply centers to ensure the timely and secure reprocessing of medical instruments.

This paper introduces the three stages before and after the issue and revision of WS 310, which were short for 3 regulations concerning Central Sterile Supply Department. Under the leading of the 3 regulations, our hospital has gradually improved the management of loaned instruments and implants to promote the reprocessing quality and management of loaned instruments and implants.

Objective: To explore the dyadic coping and emotion regulation experience of infertile couples in family environment, so as to provide reference for the development of targeted intervention strategies. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit infertile patients and their spouses who visited the Reproductive Center of a tertiary grade A hospital from November to December 2022. The adjustment process of emotion and environment in the family space was explored through family interview emotion map. Data were analyzed by using the grounded theory. Results: Three core concepts, Stress communication process based on family space, Dyadic coping with space separation and Dyadic coping with space sharing, were proposed according to the three-level coding of grounded theory. Conclusion: As a key social physical environment, family has a profound impact on environmental and emotion self-regulation and dyadic coping when one partner experiences illness. Medical staff should attach importance to the mediating effect of family space on dyadic coping and emotion regulation of infertile patients and their spouses, and develop coping intervention strategies based on spatial perspective, so that they can better face the disease and improve their clinical outcomes.

Objective: To construct a standardized intradialytic meal management program for maintenance hemodialysis patients and evaluate its effects, to make eating during dialysis a standard and scientific practice of care. Methods: Based on literature search, and pilot-study, the standardized intradialytic meal management program was established. From September 2021 to March 2022, patients in three tertiary hospitals in Beijing who didn't eat during dialysis were enrolled. The intervention group received the 12-week standardized intradialytic meal management program, while the control group remained not eating during dialysis. The feasibility of the program was evaluated with enrollment and retention rates. The incidence of adverse events during dialysis, urea clearance index (Kt/V), serum albumin and the Malnutrition-Inflammation score (MIS) were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 78 patients were randomized to the intervention group (n=40) and control group (n=38). The enrollment rate of the program was 89.7%; the retention rates of the intervention group and the control group were 85.0% and 81.6%, respectively. Differences of adverse events during dialysis and the incidence of Kt/V<1.2 were not statistically significant between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of hypoglycemia in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in serum albumin level between the two groups (P>0.05). Among the subgroups with a baseline albumin level less than 40 g/L, the incidence of MIS<5 was significantly higher in the intervention group than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The standardized intradialytic meal management program is feasible to control eating-related risks during dialysis, reduce the occurrence of hypoglycemia, and improve the nutritional status of patients with hypoalbuminemia.

Objective: To understand the current situation of knowledge, attitude and behavior of ophthalmic nurses on distant vision test and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 228 nurses recruited from 23 hospitals in Beijing through convenience sampling were investigated in February 2023 with a self-designed questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and behavior of distant vision test. The associated factors were analyzed. Results: The scores of knowledge, attitude and behavior of ophthalmic nurses in distant vision test were (7.43±1.68), (26.80±2.11) and (43.73±4.89), respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age and whether they had received the relevant training of the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart (GB 11533—2011) were associated with the knowledge of distant vision test; whether they had received the training of distant vision test was associated with the attitude score (P<0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge of distant vision test among ophthalmic nurses is at a medium level. Nurses hold a positive attitude towards distant vision test. The distant vision test behavior basically meets the standard requirements. Hospital managers should pay attention to the standardized training and assessment of distant vision test for ophthalmic nurses, especially younger nurse, and continue to encourage and train ophthalmic nurses to standardize the behavior of distant vision test.

Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of Fear of Progression (FoP) in patients with advanced lung cancer, in order to provide theoretical basis for subsequent interventional studies. Methods: FoP, symptom experience, family support and health literacy were investigated in 220 patients with stageⅢb toⅣ lung cancer in a tertiary grade A hospital by convenience sampling. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results: The incidence of dysfunctional FoP was 31.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that monthly household income, clinical stage at initial diagnosis, symptom distress, family support and health literacy were the influencing factors of dysfunctional FoP in patients with advanced lung cancer. Conclusion: Patients with advanced lung cancer have a high incidence of dysfunctional FoP. Clinical nurses should develop interventions based on symptom distress, family support, and health literacy to control the FoP at a normal level.

Objective: To translate the Stanford Proxy Test for Delirium (S-PTD) into Chinese and test its reliability and validity. Methods: The translation process followed the Brislin's model. We recruited 458 patients who were undergoing gastrointestinal surgery in a tertiary grade A hospital in Jiangsu province from October 2021 to September 2022 by convenience sampling method to test the scale's reliability and validity. Results: The content validity of Chinese S-PTD scale was 0.95, and the content validity of each item was 0.78-1.00. By exploring factor analysis, three common factors were extracted, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 59.368%. The Kappa value of inter-evaluator reliability was 0.981. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.827, the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension was 0.726-0.741, Guttman's half-reliability was 0.738, and the test-retest reliability was 0.783. The scale threshold was 3 points, the area under ROC curve was 0.853, the sensitivity was 0.678, and the specificity was 0.935. Conclusion: The Chinese version of S-PTD scale has good reliability and validity, it can be used for the screening of postoperative delirium patients by Chinese nurses.

Objective: To explore the application effects of McMaster model of family functioning among families with premature infants. Methods: Families with premature infants discharged from the neonatology department of a tertiary grade A children's hospital from May to November 2021 were recruited using convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned into control group (n=39) and intervention group (n=41). The control group received routine family support, while the intervention group received a 12-week family support based on the McMaster model of family Functioning The scores of Family Assessment Device (FAD), physical development (length, weight, head circumference) and neuropsychological development (developmental quotient) of premature infants were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Results: After the intervention, the score of FAD in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of communication, role, emotional response and total function in the intervention group were lower than those of the control group respectively (P<0.05). After intervention, the weight and length of premature infants in the intervention group were increased compared with those in the control group respectively (P<0.05). After intervention, the developmental quotient scores of premature infants in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The family support based on McMaster model of family functioning can effectively improve the overall level of family function, help the family play a better role, promote the length, weight and neuropsychological development of premature infants. It can be recommended for nurses to provide supports for families with premature infants.

Objective: To explore the experience of nurses' ethical practice in transplant ward, and to provide reference for improving the nursing ethics level of nurses in transplant ward. Methods: Objective sampling method was used to select 11 ward nurses from the liver transplant center and kidney transplant center of a tertiary grade A hospital in Hangzhou from August to December 2022, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted by phenomenological research method. The data were collated and analyzed by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method. Results: The experience of ethical practice of nurses in transplantation wards can be grouped into three themes, including: subjective factors that cause ethical dilemmas, objective factors that cause ethical dilemmas and self-response to ethical dilemmas of nurses in transplantation wards. Conclusion: The ethical cognition level of nurses in transplant ward is uneven, and the systematic ethical knowledge training is lacking. Ethical knowledge can not meet the needs of nursing ethics practice in transplant ward. In the face of ethical dilemmas, they will adjust their self-cognition, seek support, ignore or avoid them. It is suggested to use the guided ethical knowledge system training for the nurses in the transplant ward to improve their ethical cognition and ethical level, so as to show ethical behavior to ensure the quality of nursing.

Objective: To systematically integrate the qualitative research on the father's care needs of infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), so as to provide reference for the formulation of father participation care program. Methods: Qualitative studies on fathers' care needs of newborn in NICU were searched from various databases at home and abroad from the establishment of the database to January, 2023, and the results were integrated by Meta-integration method of JBI evidence-based health care centers. Results: A total of 15 studies were included, and 58 research topics were extracted, which were summarized into 11 categories and grouped into 4 integrated findings: information knowledge needs, father's role identification needs, psychological and emotional needs, and social support needs. Conclusion: The specific needs of fathers with newborn in NICU deserve attention, and it is necessary to develop father support strategies and construct father participatory care program to improve the confidence and caring ability of fathers.

Objective: To extract, evaluate and synthesize evidence related to enhance the readiness for hospital discharge of Total Hip Arthroplasty patients, and to provide an evidence-based basis for developing a scientific and effective intervention program for Total Hip Arthroplasty patients' readiness for hospital discharge. Methods: We systematically searched all related evidences from 18 databases, the quality of the studies was evaluated, and evidence was extracted from the literature that met the quality criteria. The JBI's evidence grading and recommendation level system (2014 version) was used to grade the included evidence. Results: Totally 14 literature were included, summarized 28 pieces of evidence, the evidence related to enhance the readiness for hospital discharge of Total Hip Arthroplasty patients was extracted and sorted into 6 aspects, the following were preparing well for surgery, postoperative care and rehabilitation, discharge criteria, health education, home rehabilitation preparation and post-discharge follow-up. Conclusion: This study summarizes the evidence for improving the readiness for discharge of Total Hip Arthroplasty patients, and the evidence summarizing process is scientific, rigorous, and comprehensive. Health care professionals should select evidence to improve the readiness for hospital discharge of Total Hip Arthroplasty patients, taking into account our national situation and individual patient factors.

Objective: To integrate nurses' knowledge and practical experience of oncofertility counseling and provide reference for the construction of oncofertility counseling interventional program. Methods: We systematically searched 11 Chinese and English databases from their inception to April 15, 2023 to collect qualitative studies on this topic. The quality of included studies was evaluated by a unified criterion, and the Meta-synthesis method was used to analyze the findings. Results: A total of 10 articles were included and 3 integrated findings were summarized, including nurses' perception of oncofertility counseling, different strategies to deal with oncofertility counseling, dilemma of oncofertility counseling from the perspectives of nurses. Conclusion: Managers should understand the practical experiences and difficulties of nurses' oncofertility counseling, and promote clinical practice by providing education and training, multidisciplinary cooperation and strengthening management and support.

Objective: To construct a standardized training program for clinical teaching of Master of Nursing Specialist (MNS) among clinical instructors. Methods: A draft of the training program was developed based on literature review and semi-structured interviews. Delphi method was used to conduct two-rounds expert consultations in 47 experts, and the final training program was finalized. Results: Response rates of the two-round consultations were both 100%. The authority coefficient was 0.920. The Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.102 and 0.117, respectively (P<0.01). The final training program included 4 first-level indexes, 16 second-level indexes and 42 third-level indexes. Conclusion: The standardized training program for clinical teaching of MNS is scientific, reliable and operable, which can provide clinical instructors target guidance for standardized training.

This paper introduces the humanistic literacy training model of nursing postgraduates with professional degree based on the concept of empathy, focusing on the three stages including admission education, theoretical learning and clinical practice. We hope this model could provide useful perspectives and reference for continuously improving the training quality of nursing graduate students with professional degree in China.

Objective: To analyze and compare the differences in nursing workload under the Related Weight (RW) of different disease Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG), so as to assist nurse managers in proactively addressing the challenges of rapidly rotating patients and effectively managing the workload to different wards. This comparison provides a reference for nurse managers to allocate nursing human resources appropriately and conduct a scientific evaluation of nurse performance. Methods: A one-week observational study of nursing workload in representative inpatient wards was carried out. The total nursing time of hospitalized patients included in the study was measured, and the rank-sum test was used to analyze the difference in nursing workload among different RW segments (RW≤1, 1 Related Articles | Metrics

Objective: To develop and apply the grade evaluation management system for Specialist Nurses (SNs), and to realize the systematic, scientific and efficient management of SNs evaluation. Methods: According to the management measures of SNs formulated by a tertiary A specialized hospital in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, the grade evaluation management system for SNs was developed and applied. A self-designed satisfaction questionnaire was used to investigate the satisfaction of specialized nursing team leaders and SNs with the system, and compare the core competence of SNs and nursing management time consumption before and after the application of the system. Results: The grade evaluation management system for SNs included five modules: selection and enrollment management, information file management, continuing education, assessment and evaluation, and promotion management. The total satisfaction scores of specialist nursing team leaders and the SNs were 97.50±1.16 and 96.78±1.82 respectively. The total scores of the core competence evaluation of the SNs before and after the system applied were 53.84±2.52 and 57.11±2.02. Except for the practical ability of ethics and law, the other core competences of SNs were significantly improved (P<0.05). The per capita time spent in the assessment and evaluation of SNs, the review time of specialized nursing team leaders were significantly shortened (P<0.05). Conclusion: The developed grade evaluation management system for SNs has good practicability, standardizes the management, simplifies and optimizes the management process, improves the efficiency of management and core competence of SNs, can support the high quality development of the specialty nursing.

Thriving at work can produce positive personal growth to nurses, promote organizational development, and play significant implications for promoting research on nurses' positive mental health. This article reviews the concept, origin, and theoretical models of thriving at work, and summarizes the research tool, current research status, significance, and influencing factors of thriving at work among nurses, in order to provide reference for research on nurses' thriving at work.

Frailty in the elderly has become one of the serious global public health problems, hindering the realization of healthy aging. There is an urgent need for early identification and effective intervention of frailty to improve the health status of the elderly and reduce the burden of disease at the individual and health system levels. At present, the rise of medical big data provides ideas for the development of new frailty tools. This paper summarizes the electronic frailty assessment tools developed based on medical big data and their research status, and analyzes their advantages and limitations, to provide reference for clinical research and practice.

Objective: The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) robots to the home self-management of pregnancy with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) aims to provide good self-management support for GDM pregnant women, improve their self-management capabilities, and ensure the health of mothers and infants. Methods: 80 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM from July 2021 to February 2022 were enrolled in the study with 40 in the control group and 40 in the observation group. Both groups received follow-up management from the outpatient doctors and nurse, while the observation group also used the hospital patented AI robots for home self-management. Compare the intervention effects between the two groups. Results: In the observation group, Fasting Blood Glucose, 2 hour Postprandial Blood Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c, weight control rate and self-control ability were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). In terms of adverse pregnancy outcomes, however, the incidence of cesarean section, gestational hypertension, Large for Gestational Age and neonatal hypoglycemia was lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of AI robots helps to strengthen the self-management ability of GDM women, effectively control blood glucose and body quality to improve maternal and infant outcomes.

Objective: To construct an Enterostomy Therapist-led cutaneous ureterostomy specialist studio and analyze its practical application effect. Methods: The specialist studio was set up in 2015 and focused on the management of patients with ureteral ostomy during first, second visiting and follow-up, including the management of peristomal skin assessment, guidewire-free guided ureteral diversion stenting replacement, "Internet+" nursing services and so on. Results: In the past 6 years, the number of ureteral stent replacements increased by 354.5%, the number of complications handled increased by 301.8%, the number of health education increased by 374.9%, the number of consultations increased by 693.3%, and the number of ostomy bag replacement increased by 329.8%; Since the launch of the "Internet+" project, it has received more than 500 online consultations and completed more than 90 home visits, effectively decreasing the occurrence of ostomy complications (P<0.05) and improving the follow-up compliance (P<0.05). A total of 7 training courses for ostomy alliance were held, 14 projects related to ureteral skin ostomy have been approved at the provincial and departmental levels, and 17 papers were published in the core journals. Conclusion: Cutaneous ureterostomy specialist studio meets the needs of patients, with good economic benefits and social value. It is conducive to the sinking of ostomy nursing resources and the development of scientific research and academia, and it is an innovation of advanced nursing practice with promotion value.

This study summarized the current evidence on the characteristics and influential factors of fertility preservation decision-making in male patients with cancer. It was aimed to improve the awareness of medical staff on fertility preservation of male patients with cancer in clinical practice, therefore provide reference for supportive measures on fertility preservation decision-making, and prevent decision conflict and regret among patients.

Pediatric Advance Care Planning is an important part of palliative care for children. Due to the lack of decision-making ability, complex social situation, and common family participation in decision-making in terminally period children, there is a strong demand for developing pediatric Advance Care Planning suitable for Chinese cultural background and medical needs. Family-centered clinical intervention models and dialogue tools for pediatric Advance Care Planning have been developed abroad, which have been shown to be conducive to protecting children's right to independent decision-making, enhancing medical decision-making compliance, and assisting families to make joint decisions and alleviate family grief. This paper reviews the current development status of family-centered pediatric Advance Care Planning, expounds its feasibility, analyzes its development resistance and proposes relevant practice strategies, in order to promote the development of pediatric Advance Care Planning in China.

Objective: To review the risk prediction tools for Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment (PSCI), and to provide references for clinical nursing practice and further research. Methods: Following the JBI scope review methodology framework, 9 Chinese and English databases were searched from the establishment of the database to August 31, 2022. Results: A total of 25 studies were included, of which 7 studies used neuropsychological assessment tool at the acute phase of stroke and 19 studies established predictive model based on risk factors. The prevalence of PSCI at 3-6 months ranged from 31.4% to 65.3%, and the predictive discrimination was 0.732 to 0.969. Conclusion: Due to the high incidence and heavy disease burden, the early warning of PSCI require further attention. The PSCI risk prediction tool is in the development stage, and the clinical application needs further validation and improvement.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of implementing subcutaneous emphysema nursing management scheme for patients with subcutaneous emphysema after thoracoscopic lung surgery. Methods: The total of 39 patients with at least grade 2 subcutaneous emphysema after thoracoscopic lung surgery in a tertiary grade A cancer hospital in Beijing were included by convenient sampling method from January 2017 to August 2022. Totally 13 patients were divided into control group and accepted routine nursing care, while 26 patients were divided into experiment group and accepted subcutaneous emphysema nursing management scheme. The absorption time of subcutaneous emphysema, the period with chest tube and the satisfaction score of patients were compared between the two groups. Results: The differences of subcutaneous emphysema absorption time and satisfaction score between the experiment group and the control group were statistically significant respectively (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the period of wearing chest tube between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The application of subcutaneous emphysema nursing management scheme to patients with grade 2 or above subcutaneous emphysema can shorten the absorption time of subcutaneous emphysema and improve patients' satisfaction. The nursing management scheme can be recommended for patients with subcutaneous emphysema after thoracoscopic lung surgery.

Objective: To construct a family-based dignity therapy intervention program, so as to help professionals better maintain the dignity of advanced cancer patients. Methods: Using the localized dignity model as the theoretical framework, the first version of the family-based dignity therapy intervention program was formulated, and the final intervention program was determined by expert consultation. Results: The effective recovery rate of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires was 100%, and the expert authority coefficient was 0.838. The final version of intervention program included the following parts: intervention object, intervention form, intervention timing, intervention site, intervention content, implementation process, intervention technology, therapist qualification. Conclusion: The family-based dignity therapy intervention program is scientific and reliable, providing a novel method of family psychotherapeutic intervention in palliative care.

Against the background of an increasingly obvious population aging trend, social frailty as one of the important dimensions of frailty, plays an important role in regulating and predicting related adverse health outcomes. This article summarizes and analyzes the assessment content, assessment methods and application of commonly used social frailty assessment tools at home and abroad, aiming to provide reference for medical staff to select the appropriate social frailty assessment tools.

Social connectedness is a key driving force for health and well-being of older adults. A high level of social connectedness can promote physical and mental health of older adults. This paper reviewed the concept, assessment tools, research status, influencing factors and interventions of social connectedness of older adults, aiming to raise researchers' attention to social connectedness of older adults and provide references for further studies.

The elderly are at risk of cognitive impairment, and early control of risk factors and rational use of protective factors can effectively prevent or delay the deterioration of cognitive function. This paper reviews the research progress on risk prediction models for cognitive impairment in the elderly, and summarizes, analyzes and compares related studies from the aspects of model construction methods, basic information and prediction performance, so as to provide reference for the construction and application of risk prediction models for cognitive impairment in the elderly.

Wounds are one of prominent health problems in the world, especially chronic wounds, which last for a long time, consume a lot of medical expenses and nursing time, increase the economic and care burden, and also affect the quality of life of patients. Topical Oxygen Therapy (TOT) is a new technique for wound treatment that has attracted much attention in recent years. In the treatment of chronic wounds such as diabetes foot ulcers, lower limb ulcers, wounds that are difficult to heal after trauma or surgery, beneficial effects have been obtained, which has become a hot spot in the treatment of chronic wounds. The conception and mechanism of TOT, indications and operation essentials, care time and effectiveness in different types of wounds are reviewed, in order to provide reference for the application of the technique in clinical nursing in China.

Advance Care Planning provides an opportunity for patients at the end of life to express their wishes and preferences, help them participate in treatment decision-making, and reduce the decision-making burden of family members. This paper provides an overview of the development, importance and necessity, strategies, challenges and countermeasures of implementing Advance Care Planning among adolescents, and provides reference for clinical, communities and families to promote hospice care and Advance Care Planning in adolescents.

As one of the effective methods for treating end-stage heart failure, heart transplantation can prolong the survival time and improve the quality of life of patients with heart failure. However, negative psychosocial problems often occur during the waiting period for heart transplantation. This review of foreign psychosocial assessment tools for heart transplantation candidates provides reference for the development of psychosocial assessment tools for heart transplantation candidates in China, and to improve the medical and psychosocial outcomes of patients after heart transplantation.