Disaster nursing is an important part of emergency medical rescue. Disaster nursing should be both goal oriented and problem oriented. A nursing team with higher professional level and comprehensive quality should be built through strengthened discipline construction and training practice. The development of disaster nursing should be expanded in health education and international disaster medical rescue.

To summarize the development of the disaster nursing in China after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The changes of the disaster nursing before and after Wenchuan earthquake were analyzed respectively. The Chinese disaster nursing was underdeveloped because of the immature rescue system, the insufficiency of disaster nurses, and the inadequate attention to the disaster nursing study before 2008. But it developed well now because of the targeted efforts during the decade after Wenchuan earthquake. And constructing the rescue system according to the international standards, the systematic construction of disaster nursing discipline, the popularization of disaster knowledge and the development of disaster nursing research would be the important tasks in the future.

Emergency medical rescue is an important part of the disaster crisis response. However, Chinese medical emergency rescue started relatively late. The shortage of rescue equipment, the imperfect rescue system, and the construction of specialized rescue teams needed to be improved. As a large tertiary general hospital, our hospital had established a national emergency medical rescue team consisting of emergency management personnel, medical team and auxiliary team, and equipped with emergency equipment that integrated communication, medical care and security. First-aid preplans, implementation of modular equipment management, and integrated medical and nursing training models have made disaster crisis response management more scientific and standardized, and improved disaster crisis response capabilities.

This paper makes a retrospective analysis of the United States emergency medicine through the background of emergency management of USA during the past half century, to find the path of the emergency medicine about its establishment, development and change, to clarify the complicated relationship between emergency medicine with adjacent subjects and secondary subjects, and to provide some advices to the development of pre-hospital and disaster medicine in China.

China is a vast country with frequent occurrences of disasters, which brings threats to people's survival and health. In the process of disaster relief, nurses play indispensable roles and their competence of disaster rescue depends heavily on disaster nursing education. However, the disaster nursing education in China needs to be greatly enhanced because of its later start. In this article, we compared curriculum setting, education forms, content, teaching methods, examination and qualification certification between China and foreign countries to identify deficiencies of disaster nursing education in China. Moreover, targeted suggestions were proposed to provide reference for future development in this area.

China is a country with frequent disasters. Nurses are the largest force in the first-line disaster rescue team and play an important role in disaster prevention, reduction and post-disaster rescue. However, a number of disaster rescue nurses have developed acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and other psychological problems during or after disaster rescue. Therefore, scholars recommend that "self-psychological adjustment" is supposed to become one of the core competences of disaster rescue nurses. To date, education/training on "self-psychological adjustment" of disaster rescue nurses fails to meet the actual needs. The improvement of psychological resilience is the basis of "self-psychological adjustment" of disaster rescue nurses, as well as one of the effective methods to prevent psychological crisis. When disaster rescue nurses have psychological crisis, "emotional stabilization technology", "relaxation training" and "stress reduction & critical incident stress debriefing" are convenient and effective interventions. In addition, the government also is expected to build a social support system of professional psychological crisis intervention.

Objective: To explore the application of the hierarchical psychological nursing through the clinical practice of hierarchical psychological nursing for post-earthquake victims. Methods: Established the "mental health workshop" and trained "mental health nurses." Hierarchical psychological nursing was carried out for 25 cases of Jiuzhaigou earthquake victims. Results: After psychological intervention and psychological support, the adverse psychological reactions of 25 victims were relieved, and had no acute stress disorder occurred, their sleeping status got improved. Conclusion: The intervention of mental health nurses' hierarchical psychological nursing played an positive role in the post-disaster psychological crisis intervention and is worth popularizing.

Objective: To explore the level and influencing factors of stride time variability under dual task walking among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 192 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were selected. Data were collected by general information questionnaire, fear of falling assessment, Timed "Up and Go" Test, Five Times Sit to Stand Test and portable gait analyzer. Results: The stride time variability under dual task walking among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes was 7.3%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the dual task interference, velocity and fear of falling were influencing factors of stride time variability, explaining a total of 54.7% of the variance. Conclusion: The level of stride time variability under dual task walking among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes was relatively high. Guiding patients to exercise, especially dual task training, and relieving fear of falling were beneficial to reduce the level of stride time variability under dual task walking, which can improve patients' safety condition and quality of life.

Objecetive: To investigate the perception and experience of patients with breast cancer on chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Methods: Totally 18 breast cancer patients were offered semi-structured and indepth interviews, repectively, and data collected was then analyzed using Colaizzi's methods. Results: Four themes were extracted, including a lack of the perception about alopecia, psychological and spiritual burden, coping strategies of alopecia and personal growth. Conclusion: Medical staff should enhance patient educationon chemotherapy-induced alopecia, promote knowledge popularization and information acquisition among patients with alopecia so as to help with their effective responding to alopecia and relieve them both physically and mentally. In addition, communication between patients and nursing staff should also be conducted during intervals between chemotherapies, as well asestablishing impactful and targeted pre- and post-hospital interventions, which also deserves further exploration.

Objective: To know the prevalence of pressure ulcer in hospitalized patients and hospital acquired pressure ulcer in China through Meta-analysis. Methods: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, Pubmed and Web of Science were searched for Meta analysis. The subgroups analysis of gender, age, ulcer stage, department, pressure ulcer area, regional, level of hospitals and year were conducted. Results: A total of 20 studies were included. The total sample size for the study was 422 523 cases and 4 019 cases of pressure ulcers. Of these, 17 reported 709 cases of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of pressure ulcer in hospitalized patients was 1.67% and 0.68% in hospital-acquired pressure ulcers in China. In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of pressure ulcers in men was 1.19%, which was higher than that of female patients with 0.69%; The highest prevalence of pressure ulcer was 5.33% in patients over 80 years old; The prevalence of stage I and II pressure ulcers were 0.59% and 0.50%, which was higher than other ulcer staging group. The prevalence of pressure ulcer in ICU patients was the highest with 18.76%; The prevalence of sacrococcygeal pressure ulcer was the highest with 0.70%, and followed by heel with 0.13%, iliac with 0.10% and greater trochanter with 0.10% (only one article); The prevalence of pressure ulcer in south China was the highest with 3.98% and lowest in north China was 0.56% (only one article); The prevalence rate of pressure sores in secondary hospitals was higher than that in tertiary hospitals, with 2.55% (only one article) to 1.70%. Grouped by the year of publication, the prevalence of pressure sores in hospitalized patients in China is on an upward trend. Conclusions: The current prevalence of pressure ulcer in different populations is different. Men, the aged, ICU patients, patients in south China and secondary hospitals are more likely to get the pressure ulcer. To prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers, those in stage I and II need more care. Sacrococcygeal, heel, iliac crest and the greater trochanter site are a key site for pressure ulcers, and need more attention. The annual rate of pressure ulcers need to be investigated to get complete prevalence of pressure ulcer, and to provide reference for clinical nursing.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Motor Imagery on walking function in stroke patients. Methods: A computerized search was performed on the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, EBSCO, CBMdisc, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Database, and relevant references were also traced, for Randomized Controlled Trails (RCTs) studying the effects of Motor Imagery on walking function. Two reviewers independently searched databases, extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using Revman 5.3. Results: Seven RCTs and 259 patients were included in our Meta-analysis. The Meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional rehabilitation, Motor Imagery could improve Stride Length [MD=9.88,95% CI (0.46,19.30), P=0.04], Fug-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) score [MD=2.24, 95% CI=(0.90, 3.58), P=0.001], Functional Ambulation Category Scale (FAC) score [MD=0.58, 95% CI (0.28, 0.88), P<0.001]. But Motor Imagery could not increase 10MWS [MD=4.24, 95% CI (-3.23, 11.71), P=0.27], average step length of paretic side [MD=-3.20, 95% CI (-10.33, 3.93), P=0.38] and average step length of non-paretic side [MD=1.36, 95% CI (-3.00, 5.71), P=0.54]. Conclusion: Motor Imagery is effective to improve Stride Length, FMA-LE and FAC scores. While it cannot increase 10MWS, average step length of paretic side and non-paretic side. Multicenter and large sample RCTs are still needed to confirm the effects of Motor Imagery on walking function in stroke patients.

In this article, the authors summarized the present research situation at home and abroad from the aspects of curriculum, teachers, educational objects, educational programs, evaluation methods and tools, and the implementation effects. Thus, it could provide reference for the development of physician-nurse collaboration simulation-based learning in our country.

From 2016 to 2017, simulation teaching based on multi-disciplinary cooperation was delivered to masters of nursing specialist in clinical thinking training course. The simulation cases were adapted from clinical real cases of hemorrhage after cesarean section, and the cases reflected the cooperation of the doctors and nurses in maternity, ICU, pediatric departments to train the clinical thinking of students. Through two years of teaching practice, a perfect situational simulation script and video were formed. Students summarized seven professional questions from cases after simulated teaching reflection. Simulation teaching based on multi-disciplinary cooperation is benefit for the development of the clinical thinking for masters of nursing specialist.

Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of inpatients involvement in medication safety behavior. Methods: A total of 615 inpatients taking medications were investigated with general questionnaire and inpatients involvement in medication safety behavior scale to determine the influencing factors of inpatients involvement in medication safety behavior. The univariate analysis and stepwise multiple regression were used. Results: The mean score of inpatients involvement in medication safety behavior was 89.64±15.90. In each dimension, scores from high to low were as follows: participation in decision making (4.02±0.77), caring participation (3.94±0.74) and demands participation (3.62±0.92). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the importance of conscious participation, self-evaluation of medical staff attitude, degree of education, marital status and payment category entered the model gradually (P<0.05). Conclusion: Inpatients involvement in medication safety behavior needs to be improved urgently. It is necessary to strengthen the inpatients' awareness of "patients involved in patient safety and medication safety". Meanwhile, Medical staff should give appropriate understanding, support and correct guidance for inpatients, and implement targeted interventions to achieve safe drug use by patients.

Discipline construction is a key factor in the development of hospitals, and the development of scientific research is associated with the development of discipline construction. The nursing research is important for the development of nursing science, and personnel training is the core of the construction of discipline and scientific research. The research nurse position was set up, and a management model of research nurse including the process of "selection, training, using, and evaluation" has been established from 2017. The management model of research nurses was introduced to provide reference for the further development of research nurses.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of arranging senior nurses from tertiary hospital in communities and their suitable roles to serve in health alliance. Methods: Based on the platform of innovative health alliance of Anhui medical reform office, the effect of senior nurses' work was evaluated in the process of the management of "three people and four diseases" in the community. Individualized interventions were implemented by senior diabetes nurse in the community nursing clinic, and integrated care mode of diabetes "treatment-care, three sections, four linkage and five circles combination" was established. Home visits were provided by senior nurses together with the family doctor team. And the patients' satisfaction, fasting glucose, and senior nurse's self-value experience were compared before and after the intervention 3 months later. Results: Patients' satisfaction, fasting glucose, and senior nurse's self-value experience were significantly improved after intervention. Conclusion: Arranging senior nurses to serve in communities is worth considering in hierarchical diagnosis system and developing the community nurse practitioner.

This paper introduces the concept, function and working content of Epilepsy Specialist Nurse (ESN), expounds the current situation, certification qualification and challenges of foreign ESN, and provides reference for the implementation of epileptic special nursing in China.

Objective: To explore the effects of bundle intervention strategies to patients with Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI). Methods: Retrospectively analysis method was applied. A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis method was performed to set up the cluster intervention strategy. The compliance rate of the bundle intervention strategy of 60 patients with CAUTI was analyzed before and after intervention. Results: The infection rates of the control group and intervention group were 3.32/1,000 catheter days and 1.48/1 000 catheter days respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The compliance rate of bundle intervention strategy of the intervention group was >95%. Conclusion: Bundle intervention strategy can be performed in ICU to reduce the incidence of CAUTI.

This article introduces the concept of mobile health and its roles in health education of coronary heart disease. It elaborates the application progress of mobile health in health education for patients with coronary heart disease at home and abroad, putting forward some suggestions for exploring the health education model of coronary heart disease which is suitable for China's national conditions, so as to make clear directions for further researches on mobile health in health education of coronary heart disease.

Electronic Nursing DocumentationInput system based on quality control concept of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS), which will improve uniformity, integrality, continuity and quality of clinical electronic nursing documentation through structuring information items in nursing records, creating database for information input decision, inserting remindingfunctions and auto-generating nursing tasks. In clinical practice, the new system ensured the quality of electronic nursing documentation, and instructed nurses effectively in clinical decisions to reduce nursing mistakes.

Objective: To analyze the practice of cognitive function training in general hospital and its effect on maintaining cognitive function of patients with cognitive impairment and delaying the disease progression. Methods: A total of 45 patients under cognitive function training in a tertiary grade A hospital of Beijing from March 2017 to September 2017 were selected and divided into the control group (n=23) and the intervention group (n=22). In the control group, patients received standardized drug treatment and the rehabilitation training manual for patients with cognitive impairment. Besides, patients in the intervention group were trained by the nurses in the cognitive function training. Results: After 6 months training, the scores of MMSE and MoCA in the control group lower than those in the intervention group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of nurse-led cognitive function training clinic is significant to maintain the cognitive function of the patients, promote the systematization and standardization of patients’ cognitive impairment management. It could realize the whole outpatient-inpatient-home process management model to improve the professional identity of the nurses and special nursing development.

Objective: To explore the application effect of personal hemodialysis report in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: Fifty-five patients with hemodialysis were recruited and assigned into a control group from July to December 2016, while fifty-seven patients with hemodialysis were recruited and assigned into an intervention group from January to June 2017. The personal hemodialysis report was applied for patients in intervention group. The hemodialysis incident rates and participation in hemodialysis treatment of patients were investigated and evaluated. Results: The hemodialysis incident rates in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The participation in hemodialysis treatment of patients in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of personal hemodialysis report can effectively reduce hemodialysis incident rate, promote participation in hemodialysis treatment and medical experience of patients.

Our hospital set up a case management model based on the experiences of case management in Taiwan. Through the establishment of case management and standardized case manager training program, we set up a quality management model for patients and their families. We provided continuous whole care services and promoted the patients and their families to participate in health and disease self-management, in order to reduce the medical expenses and improve the quality of life. It is expected to provide information for the further development of case management through sharing the practice and effectiveness of case management.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of hospital-community-family graded referral care model among patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) at different risk levels discharged from hospital. Methods: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) were used to evaluate risk stratification of ACS. Hospital-community-family graded referral care model was applied to continuous cardiac rehabilitation management in 50 ACS patients at different risk levels. Before discharge and 3 months, 6 months and 1 years after discharge, the laboratory indicators, cardiac function and patient's self-efficacy were evaluated respectively. Results: The low density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting blood glucose and self-efficacy were improved with the prolongation of follow-up time, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, the change of cardiac function index was not significant, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The hospital-community-family graded referral care model based on GRACE risk stratification can effectively improve the clinical recovery of ACS patients and enhance patients' self-efficacy.

Objective: To establish and evaluate the sub-specialist nursing model in the Neurosurgery Department. Methods: The sub-specialist nursing model included the establishment of sub-specialty nursing organization structure, the implementation of guarantee program, the training of sub-specialty nurses, the meticulous management of clinical nursing standards, carrying out sub-specialty nursing characteristic technology and expanding professional radiation field. Results: The comprehensive clinical ability of the nurses in sub-specialist nursing group was improved, (P<0.001); the number of scientific research projects, published papers and national utility model patents of nurses have been increased, the patient satisfaction with nursing care increased significantly (P<0.001), and the education level and professional qualification of nurses also improved significantly after the implementation of the sub-specialist nursing model in the Department of Neurosurgery. Conclusion: The sub-specialty nursing model in Neurosurgery Department is benefit for the development of comprehensive clinical ability of nurses, and the professional level of nursing care, and the model also is beneficial to improve the patient satisfaction and the connotation of quality care. In addition, it contributes to training the clinical nurse specialist, widening the career development, and enhancing the professional competitiveness of nurses.

This paper reviewed the drug compliance assessment methods, including blood drug concentration measurement, electronic monitoring method and self-report method. The Basel assessment scale and the ITAS assessment scale in self-report method are the most widely used assessment tools. Comprehensive approach which combines the two research methods (e.g. the combination of blood drug concentration monitoring and questionnaire survey) can improve the sensitivity of assessment and is also used by more people. Compared with other chronic disease patients, the body's immune rejection of transplanted organs among organ transplant patients needs higher medication adherence. The assessment methods which could better reflect the organ transplant patients' medication compliance need further research.

It was aimed to set up a wound & stoma nursing management center in our city with the outpatient clinic in our hospital serving as a platform, through which health management archives of patients with stoma and chronic wound in the whole city could be constructed and integrated. And by offering standardized training and certifica-tion to relative liaison officers, organizing a multi-disciplinary collaboration team, and implementing extended care and care combing both center services and home services to patients, the wound & stoma nursing management center provided continuous profes-sional services for patients with wound & stoma in the city, improving the quality of special nursing care.

With the development of chest pain center, the requirements for the first-aid treatment of patients with acute chest pain have been increased. Nurses play an important role in the first-aid treatment of acute chest pain patients, while problems like lacking nursing triage standard and proper nursing triage tools of acute chest pain has caused issues to the emergency care of patients with acute chest pain. The current status of triage of acute chest pain and the triage tools were analyzed and compared. The dilemma of nurses when doing the acute chest pain triage work were suggested. It is expected to provide the information for building the nursing triage standard or triage tools.

Objectives: To establish the obstetric management based on the workload distribution characteristics, and to provide references for obstetric safety quality management. Methods: The obstetrics management model was improved to solve the outstanding management problem in the obstetric department. Results: The management model based on the workload distribution characteristics effectively alleviated the problem of human resource shortage and the busy work during the transition period, and improved the nursing ability to the critically ill pregnant women. Conclusion: The management model based on the workload distribution characteristics is effective for better nursing quality and maternal and child safety in obstetric department.

Drug therapy may cause serious consequence due to patients' non-compliance, medication errors, or improper drug. In recent years, research on the concept of medication literacy has been gradually increased. The concept of medication literacy, the relationship of medication literacy and health literacy, the measurements, influencing factors, and intervention of medication literacy were reviewed in this paper, to provide guidance for decreasing the unsafe using of drugs in China and improving the quality of medication literacy among residents.

In this paper, the authors reviewed the research progress of family resilience from the concept, measurements and intervention strategies, to provide theoretical basis for further nursing intervention study on family resilience in China.