Objective: To conduct a scope review on the application of mHealth in the continuing care of enterostomy patients and summarize the intervention forms, content elements, outcome indicators, and effects of mobile health to provide reference for future research in this field. Methods: Based on the methodological framework of scope review guidelines issued by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data and VIP databases from their inception to February 2024 Then the included literature were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of 18 articles were included. The intervention forms of mHealth included mobile apps, WeChat mini-programs, remote conferences, and website platforms. The content elements mainly referred to health education, health monitoring, psychological nursing, professional staff support, and peer support. The outcome indicators contained knowledge, attitude and behavior related to stoma, complication outcomes, quality of life, severity of symptoms, patient experience and resource utilization. Conclusion: The application of mHealth in continuing care for patients with colostomy is feasible with positive influences. Future research should pay more attention to peer education, the friendliness of human-machine interaction, and patient privacy protection. Based on theoretical frameworks and intelligent information technology, remote education and health management to further improve the quality of life for colostomy patients remain to be explored.

Objective: To construct and promote the three-way linkage and continuous care model for chronic diseases, and to provide a basis for the formulation of relevant policies for chronic disease prevention and control. Methods: Based on WHO's innovative nursing model for chronic diseases, a three-way linkage and continuous nursing model of "hospital, community and family" was constructed with "hospital, community and family" as the three interfaces and "information, management and relationship" as the core elements. Innovative promotion mechanisms such as "high-quality nursing resources radiating to the grassroots, case management, Internet + nursing services, and chronic health science popularization" have been put forward to break the operation barriers of the model. Based on "structure-process-outcome", an evaluation index system for the quality of continuous care for stroke patients was established to provide an evaluation tool for the effective implementation of standardized continuous care for chronic diseases. Results: Through the operation of the model, it guided the formulation of policies such as the sinking of high quality nursing resources, multi-point practice of nurses, construction of community nursing centers and popularization of science into the evaluation of professional titles, optimized the allocation of medical resources and enhanced the ability of community nursing service. It also improved the health outcome and self-management ability of chronic disease patients. Conclusion: The construction and operation of the "hospital-community-family" three-way linkage and continuous care model for chronic diseases plays an important role in guiding the formulation of chronic disease policies, optimizing the allocation of medical resources, improving community nursing capacity and improving the health outcomes of patients, etc. The government, hospitals, communities, families and patients need to work together to truly achieve continuous and whole-process care for patients after discharge.

Objective: To establish risk stratification screening indicators for transitional care in patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF), and to provide the basis for risk stratification assessment of transitional care for patients with CHF after discharge. Methods: With the biological-psycho-social medical model as the theoretical framework, literature analysis, research group discussion and Delphi method were used to construct the risk stratification screening indicators for transitional care in patients with CHF. The weight and risk rating of each indicator were determined by the analytic hierarchy process and ABC classification, and a pre-survey was carried out. Results: A total of 2 rounds of expert letter consultation were completed, the positive degree of experts was 88.89% and 100.00%, and the expert authority coefficient was 0.92 and 0.93, respectively. The coordination coefficient of indicators at all levels in the second round of expert letter consultation was 0.377 and 0.130, respectively (all P<0.05). A total of 1 indicator was modified in the pre-survey. Finally, 3 primary indicators (physiological factors of disease, psychosocial factors and treatment factors) and 18 secondary indicators were determined. Conclusion: The risk stratification screening index for transitional care of patients with CHF established in this study is scientific and reliable, which can effectively identify patients with different risk in transitional care, to provide the basis for the implementation of hierarchical transitional care.

Objective: To construct the traditional Chinese medicine four-in-one chronic disease management model of "prevention and treatment" guided by the theory of preventive treatment, so as to provide a referece for the promotion of traditional Chinese medicine non-pharmacological therapy. Methods: We built a characteristic diagnosis and treatment center for non-pharmacological therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, developed an information management platform for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases of traditional Chinese medicine, formulated standardized plans on chronic diseases of non-pharmacological therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, and constructed a model for chronic diseases management of traditional Chinese medicine. The model was implemented by "online+offline" interaction and a "clinic+inpatient" linkage network, as well as the centralized management mode supplemented by satellite mode. Results: The patient's medical treatment satisfaction rate was 97.63%. The number of outpatient receptions increased year by year. By 2023, the service volume reached an average of 640000 person-times per year, and 178456 health records of patients with chronic diseases were established. Conclusion: The four-in-one traditional Chinese medicine chronic disease management model of "prevention and rehabilitation" provides patients with comprehensive and personalized medical services, improves patients' medical experience, and enhances patients' satisfaction rate.

By searching, combing, analyzing and summarizing the domestic and foreign literature related to medication reconciliation in nursing, this paper elaborates the connotation and basic steps of medication reconciliation. The research perspectives of medication reconciliation were introduced from the three aspects of admission transition period, hospitalization period and hospital-family transition period to discuss and explore its guiding significance for medication discrepancy management and propose the future development direction so as to provide reference for medical and nursing staff to implement medication reconciliation.

The increasing population aging has posed a huge challenge to the healthcare worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has pointed out the concept of "healthy aging" and the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) model. Currently, ICOPE has been practiced in several countries, including China (Beijing), yet with fewer reports on it. This paper systematically analyses the current status of the implementation of the WHO ICOPE model at home and abroad and puts forward relevant insights into the practice of ICOPE in China, with a view to providing a reference for the introduction and promotion of ICOPE in China in the future.

Objective: To investigate the construction of diabetes nursing specialty and the current status of diabetes care quality management in non-endocrine care units in secondary and above hospital in Hunan province. Methods: Two-stage stratified random sampling was used to conduct a survey of 137 secondary and above general hospitals in Hunan province from August 15 to October 15, 2023. Results: Among the 137 hospitals surveyed, 58.39% of the hospitals had established diabetes care teams, 43.80% had set up diabetes education or diabetes care clinics, and 48.91% had implemented hospital-wide blood glucose management. The number of diabetes specialist nurses in the hospital was a factor influencing the construction of diabetes specialties (P<0.05). The score for diabetes care quality management in non-endocrinology departments was (87.20±11.36) points. The dimension with the highest score was insulin injection, and the lowest was health education. The score for diabetes care quality in hospitals that had established diabetes care teams was higher than that in hospitals without such teams (P<0.05). Conclusion: The construction of diabetes care specialties is in its initial stage. The overall level of diabetes care quality management in non-endocrinology departments is good, but there is still a need to pay attention to the management of operational details. In the future, it is necessary to accelerate the speed of constructing diabetes care specialties in hospitals, strengthen the training, management and utilization of diabetes specialist nurses, and promote the high-quality development of diabetes care in hospitals.

Objective: To explore the effects of improving the home-based symptoms self-monitoring ability in elderly patients with Heart Failure (HF) through optimizing the health education programs based on symptoms management theory, aiming to provide reference for home-care of such patients. Methods: Totally 115 elderly patients with HF admitted to the cardiology department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Jiangsu province from April to September 2023 were recruited as the research participants. The patients were randomly divided into an observation group (n=58) and a control group (n=57) using a random number table method. The control group received routine health education, while the observation group implemented an intervention plan based on symptoms management theory to optimize the health education programs on the basis of routine health education. The mastery of physical perception and self-monitoring symptoms of HF was compared between two groups of patients at three time points: relief of acute HF symptoms, discharge, and 3 months after discharge. The readmission of two groups of patients due to acute HF was followed up for 3 months after discharge. Results: The two groups of patients showed comparability in various indicators after the relief of acute HF symptoms. The mastery of self-monitoring symptoms content in the observation group before discharge was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). The physical perception and self-monitoring symptoms and readmission rate of HF in the observation group after 3 months of discharge were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Implementing forward discharge guidance and optimizing the health education programs based on symptoms management theory can help improve the home-based symptoms self-monitoring ability in elderly patients with HF and reduce the recurrence rate of acute HF.

Objective: To construct and implement the perioperative resilience management program for the primary caregiver of children with refractory epilepsy, and evaluate its effectiveness, to make up a standard and scientific practice. Methods: The literature analysis, group discussion and expert consultation methods were used to construct the perioperative resilience management program for the primary caregiver of children with refractory epilepsy based on cognitive behavior therapy. The primary caregivers of children with refractory epilepsy from Oct 2022 to Sep 2023 were enrolled in this study using convenient sampling method, who were divided into the control group and the observation group based on the date of surgery for the patient, with 80 cases in each group. In order to avoid inter-group interference, the two groups were alternated into the study every 2 months. In the control group, routine resilience nursing was conducted. The observation group was treated with perioperative resilience management program. The intervention duration for both groups is from admission of the patient to one month after discharge. The differences in negative emotions, resilience, care burden and life satisfaction between the two groups were compared. Results: On the day of subsequent visit, the scores of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Zarit Burden Interview were lower than those of the control group. The scores of various dimensions of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Life Satisfaction Index A were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Perioperative resilience management program for the primary caregiver of children with refractory epilepsy based on cognitive behavior therapy can improve resilience of primary caregivers.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the medication management experience of family caregivers of aged patients with polypharmacy to provide a reference for developing individualized support strategies for family caregivers to participate in medication management. Methods: We searched both Chinese and English databases to include eligible literatures whose quality was later evaluated. The retrieval time limit was from the inception to 26th, December 2023. The results were summarized using the meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Results: A total of 11 articles were included from which 39 research topics were extracted and summarized into 13 new categories. The new categories were grouped into 4 integrated findings: the tasks and participation types of family caregivers; influencing factors of family caregivers' participation in medication management; the challenges and needs of family caregivers; the effective strategies adopted by family caregivers in the process of medication management. Conclusion: The experience of family caregivers participating in medication management is complex and diverse. Medical staff should respect the different participation types caregivers in medication management practice and provide professional and individualized guidance for them to improve their participation experience, and provide medication management support services for elderly patients with polypharmacy and their caregivers.

Implementation research provides theoretical and methodological support for the translation and implementation of evidence. Numerous misconceptions in outcome evaluation within implementation research have been observed. This study explored the connection between implementation research and traditional health intervention studies to elucidate the distinctions between implementation indicators and those of health intervention outcomes. It also scrutinized the design requirements and demands for outcome evaluation in intricate nursing practice contexts. After introducing classic frameworks for implementation outcome evaluation, the study merged prevalent research paradigms from implementation research. This integration facilitates an analysis of focus areas in implementation outcome evaluations from varied ontological standpoints, thereby offering nursing professionals a valuable reference for accurate comprehension of these evaluations and fostering enhanced nursing practices.

Objective: To examine the relationships among frailty, social support, and self-efficacy in disabled older individuals and their family caregivers with the objective of providing a foundation for the development of empowerment intervention plans tailored for clinical and community workers. Methods: Based on the actor-partner interdependence model, a convenience sample of 402 disabled older adults-caregiver dyads from 10 communities in Shanghai were surveyed using a general information questionnaire, the Tilburg Frailty Indicator, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. Correlational analyses were conducted and an actor-partner interdependence model was established. Results: The incidence of frailty among the disabled older adults was 92.8%, significantly higher than the 52.5% incidence among caregivers (P<0.05). The social support scores were (32.69±11.55) for the older adults and (35.54±8.42) for the caregivers. The general self-efficacy scores were (23.50±5.63) and (26.14±7.23) for older adults and their caregivers respectively. Regarding the subject effect, both social support and self-efficacy in disabled older adults and their caregivers had negative impacts on their own frailty levels. As for the object effect, the social support level and self efficacy among disabled older adults moderately influenced the caregiver's frailty, while the caregiver's social support and self-efficacy similarly had negative impacts on disabled older adutls. Significant subject-object effects were observed. Conclusion: The study shows bidirectional interactions among social support, self-efficacy, and frailty in disabled older adults and their caregivers, suggesting that disabled older adults and their caregivers should be considered as a whole. The implementation of dual health empowerment is vital to enhance self-efficacy and social support for both parties to decelerate the progression of frailty.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of chronic disease management with tertiary grade A hospital nurses providing service at community health service centers, so as to provide reference for promoting the sinking of high-quality nursing resources. Methods: A tertiary grade A hospital in Hefei selected nurses to work in four community service centers affiliated with a medical consortium. A "1+1+1+N" management team model was implemented for chronic disease management, and specialist nursing clinics were opened to standardize the management of patients with hypertension, diabetes and stroke. Totally 513 patients who were first filed after the opening of specialist nursing clinics were selected, and the blood pressure control, blood glucose control, quality of life, self-management behavior, self-efficacy and patient satisfaction rates were compared before and after the implementation. Results: After the involvement of tertiary grade A hospital nurses, improvements were observed in blood pressure and blood glucose control rates, quality of life, self-management behaviors, self-efficacy and patient satisfaction, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The practice of tertiary grade A hospital nurses providing chronic disease management service in community health service centers can enhance the quality of chronic disease management, improve patients' quality of life and self-efficacy.

Objective: To construct a self-management program for patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery based on the individual and family self-magement theory and evaluate its application effects, so as to provide reference for improving patients' symptoms. Methods: Using literature review, group discussion, semi-structured interviews and expert correspondence, a self-management program for patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery was constructed. Patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery in a tertiary hospital in Tianjin from January 2021 to August 2023 were selected by convenience sampling, and the patients were divided into a control group (48 cases) and an intervention group (48 cases) according to the order of admission. Those in the control group received routine nursing care, while those in the intervention group were with self-management program for 3 months. The incidence of symptoms of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS), self-management ability and quality of life were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Results: The incidence of LARS in the intervention group was lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), the scores of self-management was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the score of quality of life was lower that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The self-management program for patients with rectal cancer after sphincter-preserving surgery can alleviate the symptoms of LARS, improve the self-management ability and quality of life of patients.

Objective: To search, evaluate and summarize the relevant evidence on the prevention and management of Ventilators Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in children in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and to provide implications for clinical practice. Methods: Evidence on neonatal VAP prevention and management was systematically searched from Chinese and English databases, guideline websites and related association websites. Searching was from January 2013 to August 2023. Literature quality evaluation, evidence extraction and summary were performed independently by researchers. Results: A total of 14 articles were included, consisting of 23 pieces of evidence. The evidence were summarized in risk factor identification, oral care, endotracheal suction, head elevation, ventilator management, medication use, holistic care. Conclusion: The evidence summarized in this study is comprehensive and practical, allowing healthcare professionals to follow the evidence to provide prevention and management strategies for VAP in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation in NICU, thereby reducing the occurrence of VAP.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and digital technology, digital technology has gradually been applied to the full course management of chronic disease patients, and chronic disease management has become digitalized. This article focused on "Internet +" chronic disease management, systematically sorted out the policies and research, developed the multidisciplinary and full-cycle model of chronic disease management, and analyzed the challenges and and coping strategies faced by "Internet+" chronic disease management, to provide reference for the development of the "Internet +" chronic disease health management model.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of home-based Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing technology needs of elderly patients with chronic diseases and to predict their needs, so as to provide reference for clinical decision-making. Methods: From February to June 2024, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1026 elderly patients with chronic diseases in outpatient and inpatient departments of 9 TCM hospitals in Zhejiang province by using the self-made questionnaire on the needs of home TCM nursing technology for elderly patients with chronic diseases. The extreme gradient lifting algorithm is used to predict the demand, and the importance of the variables in the model is explained by the Shapley Additive Explanations. Results: The demand rate of home-based TCM nursing technology for elderly patients with chronic diseases was 70.27%, of which scraping (52.63%), moxibustion (51.85%), cupping (48.73%), ear point sticking (47.37%) ranked in the forefront. Overall importance ranking, TCM nursing technology cognition and attitude, specific symptoms of discomfort, per capita monthly family income, education level and other characteristics were identified as significant predictors. The AUC value of the model in the training set is 0.95-0.99, and the AUC value in the test set is 0.80-0.89, and the performance of the model is good. Conclusion: The demand for home traditional TCM nursing technology in elderly patients with chronic diseases is extensive and affected by many factors. In the future, the promotion and publicity of TCM nursing technology should be strengthened to improve public awareness. At the same time, we will increase personnel training, provide corresponding TCM nursing technical support for common discomfort symptoms of patients, and meet the personalized needs of elderly patients with chronic diseases.

Objective: To investigate the current status of long-term care services for elderly population at institutional and home-based service. Methods: A cross-sectional study method was performed to observe and record all the elderly beneficiaries of Long-Term Care insurance who accepted institutional and home care services from 1 June 2023 for 1 month in Qingdao. Descriptive statistics method were applied to analyze Barthel Index, care issues and care services. Correlation analyse was conducted between the care workload and Barthel Index. Results: A total of 635 cases of disabled elderly were included, including 436 cases of institutional care and 199 cases of home care. There were 218 (34.3%) males and 417 (65.7%) females. Institutional care services covered medical care, daily living care, functional maintenance, assistive services and health education. The nursing workload was negatively correlated with Barthel Index (r=-0.782, P<0.001). Home care focused on simple and easy-to-use medical care measures and health education services. The workload was not correlated with Barthel Index (r=0.113, P=0.702). Conclusion: There are differences in the care service content and care workload provided to the disabled elderly between institutional care and home care. The psychological care services are insufficient, especially in the case of home care. Institutional and home care should provide high-quality medical and daily living care, pay attention to the psychological condition of the elderly, and accurately match the diversified health care needs of the elderly in order to enhance the quality and level of long-term care services.

Objective: To develop MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Acute Leukemia Module and assess its reliability and validity. Methods: A preliminary scale was developed through literature review, semi-structured interviews, Delphi expert consultation, and patient pre-surveys. A clinical investigation involving 235 adult patients with Acute Leukemia was conducted to assess its reliability and validity. Results: MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Acute Leukemia Module consists of 25 items, including 19 symptom items and 6 items assessing the interference of symptoms with daily life. The content validity results indicate that both the I-CVI and S-CVI are greater than 0.8. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the revised model suitability indexes were χ2/df=2.230, RMSEA=0.072, GFI=0.976, CFI=0.955, IFI=0.956, NFI=0.923, TLI=0.915. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Acute Leukemia Module is 0.941, while the Cronbach's α coefficient for the Acute Leukemia Module is 0.707. Conclusion: MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Acute Leukemia Module developed in this study has demonstrated good reliability, and validity. It is an accurate and objective tool for assessing symptoms of Acute Leukemia patients.

Objective: To investigate the current status and clinical outcomes of enteral nutrition support in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) patients, in order to provide a basis for improving the quality of critical care. Methods: A total of 330 children admitted to the intensive care unit of a tertiary grade A children's hospital in Shanghai from July 2022 to January 2023 were recruited by continuous sampling method. The study investigated the intake of early enteral nutrition, energy, protein and the clinical outcome of the children. Results: Among the 330 cases, 275 cases (83.3%) had early enteral nutrition and 55 cases (16.7%) had delayed nutrition. There were 125 cases (37.9%) with unreasonable energy intake. Protein intake was insufficient in 155 cases (47.0%). There were 6 cases (1.8%) of retropyloric feeding, 210 cases (63.6%) of enteral nutrition interruption, and 77 cases (23.3%) of enteral nutrition complications. There were significant differences in weight gain, mechanical ventilation time, multiple organ dysfunction, PICU hospitalization time and hospitalization cost between early enteral nutrition group and delayed enteral nutrition group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in weight gain, multiple organ dysfunction and hospitalization time in PICU between rational energy intake group and irrational energy intake group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in mechanical ventilation time and hospitalization time of PICU between reasonable protein intake group and insufficient protein intake group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients in PICU have low retropyloric feeding rate, high incidence of nutritional disruption and nutritional complications, and high unreasonable rate of energy and protein intake. The early enteral nutrition, reasonable energy and protein intake of patients have better clinical outcomes such as hospitalization time in PICU. It is necessary to standardize the management of enteral nutrition support to improve the quality of care for PICU patients.

Objective: To investigate the current status of nurse-physician communication in ICU, and to analyze demand matching strategies thereby providing a reference for improving nurse-physician communication. Methods: Mixed research methods were employed. A questionnaire survey was conducted including 435 ICU medical staffs from 15 hospitals by convenience sampling method. We interviewed 6 physicians and 11 nurses from 5 hospitals by purposive sampling approach. Results: The total score of nurse-physician communication was 73.46±11.38. Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis showed that communication training experience, communication openness, accuracy and understanding ability were influencing factors of the satisfaction of nurse-physician communication. The interview results suggested that demand matching countermeasures of nurse-physician communication as follows: capability requirements matching strategy (strengthening skill training and cognition); opportunity demand matching strategy (building an organizational culture and creating a communication environment); internal motivation matching strategy (stimulating a sense of professional gain). Conclusion: There is still room for improvement in nurse-physician communication in ICUs in China. Managers can start from three aspects: ability, opportunity and motivation. Managers should pay more attention to training medical staff in communication and professional ability, optimizing the organizational culture and communication environment, and enhancing the sense of professional satisfaction and professional value.

This review summarized the development of infection control nurse training programs from the aspects of training forms, contents and methods, assessment and qualification. The training programs for infection control nurses in China are still at the early stage, which need to be improved. It is expected to enhance the training programs of infection control for nurses based on the previous experience to create a scientific and standardized training system that is suitable for our country.

Objective: To summarize the evidence of preventive care of ocular complications in patients with mechanical ventilation in prone position, so as to provide reference for the nursing practice. Methods: Literature on the preventive care of ocular complications in patients with mechanical ventilation in prone position in domestic and foreign databases and professional websites were systematically searched from October 10, 2013 to June 22, 2024. The quality of the included literature was evaluated, and evidence was extracted and integrated. Results: A total of 12 literature was included, including 1 clinical decision, 3 guidelines, 4 expert consensus, 1 recommended practice, 1 evidence summary, and 2 systematic reviews. Finally, a total of 21 pieces of evidence were formed, including 5 aspects of organization and management, risk assessment, eye care, posture management, and infection prevention and control. Conclusion: The evidence summary for preventive care for ocular complications in patients with mechanical ventilation in prone position can provide evidence-based basis for medical staff in intensive care unit.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the experience of psychosocial adaptation in patients with permanent colostomy at home after surgery, and to provide basis and guidance for clinical medical staff. Methods: The qualitative studies on psychosocial adaptation of enterostomy patients were searched in Chinese and English databases, and the search time was from the establishment of the databases to November 17, 2023, using JBI The Evidence-Based Health Care Center's Qualitative Research Evaluation Tool (2016 Edition) evaluated the quality of the included literature, and the results were synthesized using the Meta-integration method. Results: A total of 10 articles were included, and 40 research results were extracted, which were summarized into 9 new categories and integrated into 3 results: complex emotional reactions, difficult psychological adaptation, and achieving psychosocial adaptation. Conclusion: Patients with permanent colostomy often experience psychosocial maladjustment after surgery, and clinical medical staff should provide personalized psychological intervention and effective health education for the psychosocial problems of patients.

Objective: To identify symptom clusters in elderly patients with chronic heart failure, explore the relationships among symptoms within these clusters, and identify the bridge symptoms. Methods: Convenience sampling was employed to select 252 elderly patients with chronic heart failure from two hospitals in Wenzhou. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Heart Failure. Symptom clusters were identified through exploratory factor analysis, and network analysis was used to identify the bridge symptoms among these clusters. Results: We identified 4 symptom clusters: respiratory sleep disorder, peripheral edema, dizziness and fatigue, and oropharyngeal discomfort. The top four bridge symptoms were swelling in the legs or arms (rS=0.559, rE=3.756), difficulty breathing when lying flat (rS=0.408, rE=4.556), loss of appetite (rS=0.396, rE=3.999), and dry mouth (rS=0.363, rE=2.199). The symptom expected to have the greatest impact was waking up with shortness of breath at night (rE=4.750, rS=0.202). Conclusion: Swelling in the legs or arms serves as the core bridge symptom in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Waking up with shortness of breath at night, difficulty breathing when lying flat, loss of appetite, and dry mouth act as bridge symptoms connecting symptom clusters. Targeted interventions for these bridge symptoms, based on their bridging roles among different symptom clusters, have the potential to enhance the effectiveness of symptom management to a certain degree.

Objective: To systematically search and evaluate the risk prediction models for central venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections, to provide reference for constructing a high-quality risk prediction model for central venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections. Methods: We searched for relevant literature on central venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections from Chinese and English databases from their inception to December 11, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction, using PROBAST tool to evaluate the risk of bias and applicability of included studies. Results: A total of 16 articles were included, involving 15 risk prediction models for central venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections. The AUC or C index of 15 models ranges from 0.67 to 0.930; 5 models received internal validation and 8 models external validation. Quality evaluation of the 16 articles showed high bias risk and low applicability risk. The predictive factors with higher frequency of occurrence included: parenteral nutrition (TPN), diabetes, duration of central venous catheterization, ICU patient or hospital history, number of lumens, use of antibiotics, femoral vein insertion, and malignant tumors. Conclusion: The existing risk prediction models for central venous Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections have good predictive performance to determine the predictive factors which possess certain guiding significance for clinical practice, but the risk of bias is high. Further validation of future response models is needed to provide a basis for developing effective prevention strategies.

The current hospital quality improvement measures, focusing on patient experience, have garnered significant attention. Patient journey mapping, which tracks the interactions between patients and healthcare institutions from the patient's perspective, helps to comprehensively understand the patient's experience throughout the care process. This article reviews the definition and evolution of patient journey mapping and related definitions, common presentation formats and construction methods, as well as the progress in their application to improve patient experience. It explores its role in optimizing care processes, improving the care environment, enhancing doctor-patient communication, and assisting special populations. Additionally, it provides outlooks for using patient journey maps to improve nursing services, offering a reference for its application in the field of clinical healthcare.

Objective: To develop a volume management nursing protocol in patients with Cardio-Renal Syndrome (CRS), to provide a scientific basis for preventing and managing volume overload and related complications. Methods: Based on the "6S" evidence resource model, a systematic literature search of domestic and foreign databases related to CRS volume management was conducted with the searching period from January 2015 to January 2024. Evidence extraction and content analysis were performed to draft the initial nursing protocol. The initial draft was then further validated and revised through expert meetings to form the final protocol. Results: A total of 13 experts participated in the demonstration meeting, and its authority coefficient was 0.84. Six themes were formulated in the nursing protocol on volume management for CRS, including admission assessment, condition monitoring and management, dynamic volume assessment and management, nutritional support care, health education, and discharge follow-up, with a total of 21 specific implementation contents. Conclusion: The constructed nursing protocol comprehensively summarizes the key points of CRS volume management, which is scientific and feasible. It can provide guidance for medical staff to carry out CRS volume management.

Objective: To identify the self-management trajectories of older patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) and to analyze the predictive factors of different trajectories. Methods: A convenience sampling was used to recruit 213 older patients with CHF who were hospitalized in a cardiology ward of a tertiary grade A hospital in Yinchuan from December 2021 to June 2022. The first questionnaire survey was conducted during hospitalization, and follow-up surveys were conducted 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after discharge. A latent class growth model was used to identify different categories of patients' self-management behavior change. Multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the predictors of trajectory categories. Results: Totally 173 patients completed the all follow-up surveys. Three self-management trajectories of older patients with CHF were identified, namely "low level-declining" (29.5%), "moderate level-maintaining" (39.9%), and "high level-increasing" (30.6%). The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that social support, self-efficacy, personal monthly income, place of residence, and gender were factors influencing the trajectory of self-management in older patients with CHF (P<0.05). Conclusion: Older patients with CHF shows different trajectories of self-management. Targeted measures should be developed based on the characteristics of patients' self-management trajectories to help patients maintain good self-management behaviors.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety of implementing a progressive early activity plan based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health(ICF) concept for ICU mechanically ventilated patients, so as to provide a reference plan for early activity of ICU mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: Totally sixty eight mechanically ventilated patients admitted to the intensive care department of a tertiary grade A comprehensive hospital in Hunan province from January to November 2022 were recruited and randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group. The control group carried out routine nursing care and functional exercises for ICU mechanically ventilated patients, while the intervention group received a progressive early activity plan based on the ICF concept, which included physical function training, daily activity training, and environmental sound and light control. The mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay time, muscle strength, incidence of lower limb deep vein thrombosis, delirium, ICU acquired weakness, adverse events, and potential incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups of patients. Results: The intervention group had less mechanical ventilation time and ICU hospitalization time than the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of delirium and ICU acquired weakness in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The intervention group had higher muscle strength than the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (P>0.05). The potential incidence of adverse events in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The progressive early activity program based on the ICF concept is an effective and safe intervention program that can shorten the mechanical ventilation time and ICU hospitalization time of ICU patients, prevent delirium and ICU acquired weakness, and improve patient muscle strength. At the same time, ICU medical staff need to pay attention to the prevention of potential adverse events during early activity of mechanically ventilated patients to ensure the safety of early activity implementation.

Objective: To search, evaluate and summarize the evidence of prevention and control of catheter infection in maintenance hemodialysis, and provide reference for clinical practice. Methods: The databases and other related websites were systematically searched for the evidence about prevention of catheter-related infection in maintenance hemodialysis patients, including guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summary and so on. The search period was from January 1, 2018 to March 15, 2024. Results: A total of 16 articles were included, including 10 guidelines, 3 expert consensus, 1 standard, 1 standard operating procedure and 1 evidence summary. We summarized 32 items of best evidence for prevention and control of catheter infection in maintenance hemodialysis, including three aspects: organization management, catheter installation and catheter maintenance. Conclusion: This study summarized the evidence around the key links of organization management and infection prevention and control, and provided evidence-based basis for the prevention and control of catheter infection in maintenance hemodialysis.

Objective: To construct and assess the effectiveness of a thirst symptom management program for patients with Chronic Heart Failure, offering a potential reference for clinical thirst care. Methods: Based on symptom management theory, we built a protocol for managing thirst based on a comprehensive review of existing literature and expert consultation. Patients from cardiology and CCU wards of a tertiary hospital in Nantong city from November 2023 to February 2024 were selected by convenience sampling method as research subjects, and randomly divided into either control group or intervention group using the random number table method, with 43 patients in each group. While the control group received routine treatment and care, the intervention group participated a one-week intensive thirst management program in addition to the standard care. Results: The newly developed thirsty management program comprised three components: thirst experience, thirst management strategy, management effect and 10 contents, 37 specific contents. A total of 39 patients in each group completed this study. On the 7th day and 28th day of the intervention, the intervention group experienced significantly lower levels of thirst intensity (2.69±1.52 and 1.85±0.99), distress (15.87±4.99 and 14.87±5.12), and duration (3.49±1.32 and 2.72±1.12) compared to the control group. Improvement in moistness of oral mucosal in the lips and tongue were also more pronounced in intervention group, with statistically significant (P<0.05). None of the two groups occurred cardiac death within 28 days after discharge. The readmission rate within 28 days after discharge in the intervention group was lower than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The thirst symptom management program for patients with Chronic Heart Failure is a scientific, reliable, comprehensive, and actionable, and is effective in improving thirst symptoms in clinical applications.

Objective: To analyze the current situation of nursing post management in China and provide suggestions for its further development. Methods: Fully consided the economic development level, level characteristics, and regional conditions of each region, we conducted an online questionnaire survey in 162 hospitals nationwide and field research in 6 hospitals to review the nursing position setting and human resource allocation in some hospitals in China. Results: The average total number of registered nurses in the surveyed hospitals was 946.26, of which 55.61 (5.88%) were nursing management personnel. Most hospitals had 5 levels of nursing job setting (69.14%), which were basically divided into three major categories: nursing management, clinical nursing, and other positions, with significant variation in the latter two areas. Medical institutions mainly relied on the bed-to-nurse ratio required by national policy documents and actual clinical work to allocate nursing personnel. Conclusion: The classification of nursing positions in different regions is basically the same yet with differences in the hierarchical management system. The arrangement of nursing positions in various categories is unreasonable, and the connotation of post settings needs to be deepened with a patient-centered approach.There is a relative shortage of nursing manpower in some departments, and a more scientific method of manpower allocation needs to be explored.

Objective: To develop a scientific, reliable and operable perioperative nursing quality evaluation standard system under the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery concept. Methods: The theoretical framework of this study is the Structure-Process-Result three-dimension quality evaluation model. The system was developed based on literature review and group discussion. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted by Delphi correspondence method. The reliability of the correspondence was verified by calculating the expert positive coefficient, coefficient of variation, expert authority coefficient, and Kendall harmony coefficient. Results: The recovery rates of the effective questionnaires were 100.0%. The authority coefficients of the experts were 0.900 and 0.892, respectively. Kendall concordant coefficients were 0.119 and 0.173, respectively (P<0.001). After two rounds of correspondence, the perioperative nursing quality evaluation standard system was finally determined. The system included 3 primary items, 17 secondary items and 48 tertiary items. Conclusion: The perioperative nursing quality evaluation standard system is scientific, reliable and widely applicable, which can be used as an objective tool for perioperative nursing quality assessment.

This paper systematically analyzes the common problems in knowledge translation research in the field of nursing in China, focusing on three key research components: evidence summary, evidence-based nursing practice, and quality improvement, which share common issues including insufficient understanding of research nature, inappropriate application of methodology, and lack of scientific theoretical guidance. The paper proposes several strategies for improvement: clarifying the relationships and definitions among the three components, emphasizing collection and evaluation of diverse evidence types, enhancing scientific rigor in context-oriented intervention selection and evaluation, and incorporating adaptive designs. Future directions suggest transitioning toward an "Evidence-based Nursing+" model, advancing evidence-based nursing practice through conceptual updates, methodological innovations, and practical reforms.

Objective: To investigate the status quo of head nurses' leadership practices and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for improving the leadership of head nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2486 nurses selected from 4 teritary hospitals in Beijing, Shanxi and Ningxia using convenience sampling during May 2024 to investigate the leadership practice and empowering behavioral of head nurses and teamwork among nurses in their departments. Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the influencing factors of head nurses' leadership practice. Results: The average score obtained utilizing the Leadership Practice Inventory was 9.17±1.39, and the score of each dimension from high to low were Model the Way, Enable Others to Act, Encourage the Heart, Challenge the Process and Inspire a Shared Vision. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that different types of hospitals, empowerment behaviors and teamwork were the main influencing factors of head nurses' leadership practices, which accounted for 77.4% of the total variation (P<0.001). Conclusion: The leadership practices of head nurses is at a relative high level, however, they need to work harder in terms of Challenging the Process and Inspiring a Shared Vision. Head nurses can improve their leadership by increasing empowerment behaviors and prompting teamwork.

As a new way of knowledge representation and organization, knowledge graph provides the possibility for the intelligent and personalized development of nursing field. This paper introduces the concept of knowledge graph and its development background, analyzes the application status of knowledge graph in nursing practice, and shows its positive role in improving nursing efficiency and optimizing clinical decision-making. At the same time, this paper also points out the challenges facing the development of knowledge graph, looks forward to the future development of knowledge graph, and provides a valuable reference for the further application of knowledge graph in the field of nursing.

In recent years, with growing demand for healthcare services, and shortages in nursing human resources, the advancement of digital-intelligent technologies has injected new momentum into the high-quality development of nursing. Although foreign countries have developed increasingly mature cultivation systems for nursing talents with digital-intelligent capability, China still faces multiple dilemmas including unclear educational objectives, underdeveloped training system, and the absence of a practical training framework. This study examines the current cultivation state of nursing talents with digital-intelligent capability domestically and internationally, analyzes the challenges in this field, and integrates societal development levels with public healthcare needs. It aims to provide future directions for the cultivation of nursing talents with digital-intelligent capability in China, thereby promoting the development of nursing discipline and ensuring the sustainable growth of professional nursing teams.

The team of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nurse specialists is growing, but the current status of training and utilization is uneven. This article reviews the current development of TCM nurse specialists from the concept of TCM nurse specialists, their training and utilization. It also reflects on the high-quality training, aiming to clarify the positioning and provide suggestions to meet the needs of the Healthy China strategy.

Objective: To explore the development of professional values and identity among senior nurses with over 30 years of nursing experience. Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 nurses with over 30 years of nursing experience coming from different levels of public and private hospitals in Zhejiang province, and thematic analysis was employed later. Results: Totally 4 themes and 10 sub-themes were extracted from the interview data. The four themes were: (1) the altruistic/egoistic value of nursing profession; (2) the formation of nursing professional values; (3) self/other-identity of professional value; (4) the inspiration of professional identity for the sustainable development of the nursing team. Conclusion: Senior nurses recognize altruism as the core professional values and have achieved their own sense of professional benefits. In order to support the realization of altruistic values, it is necessary to pay attention to challenges faced by senior nurses in their career development, so as to improve the professional environment and stabilize the nursing team.