关键词: 脑卒中；吞咽障碍；预后；影响因素

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the prognosis of Post-Stroke Dysphagia (PSD) in the acute phase and its influencing factors, aiming to provide a reference for early implementation of personalized rehabilitation nursing measures. Methods: Hospitalized patients with PSD in a tertiary grade A hospital in Beijing were selected by convenience sampling method from May 2014 to April 2024. The swallowing function outcome was determined by Kubota Water Swallowing Test (WST) and Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of swallowing function prognosis. Results: A total of 541 patients were included and 38.08% of patients' swallowing function was recovered two weeks after the stroke. The results of regression analysis showed that the score of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)<15 (OR=0.157, 95%CI: 0.047-0.526) and nasogastric tube placement at admission (OR=0.002, 95%CI: 0-0.016), initial WST score of Grade 4 (OR=0.004, 95%CI: 0-0.055) and WST score of Grade 5 (OR=0.001, 95%CI: 0-0.016) were unfavorable factors for the prognosis of PSD, and the higher level of serum albumin (Alb) at admission (OR=1.275, 95%CI: 1.097-1.482) was a favorable factor. Conclusion: The prognosis of patients with PSD in the acute phase is influenced by the patients' score of GCS, the Alb level, nasogastric tube placement at admission, and the initial score of WST. Therefore, nurses should identify patients' prognosis and influencing factors at an early stage and provide them with targeted rehabilitative care measures to improve their rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life.

Key words: stroke; dysphagia; prognosis; influencing factor