关键词: 机械通气；肠内营养；呕吐；证据总结；循证护理

Abstract: Objective: To summarize the evidence for the prevention and management of enteral nutrition-related vomitting in patients with mechanical ventilation, so as to provide guidance for clinical nursing practice. Methods: Based on the methods of evidence-based nursing, clinical questions about the prevention and management of enteral nutrition-related vomitting in patients with mechanical ventilation were raised. According to the 6S evidence pyramid model, literatures on the prevention and management of enteral nutrition-related vomitting in hospitalized patients were retrieved from relevant websites and databases both at home and abroad from their inception to June 5, 2024. Two researchers with evidence-based nursing research background independently evaluated the quality of the literatures and extracted evidence to sort them out and analyze them. Results: A total of 16 articles were included, containing 5 guidelines, 4 expert consensus, 4 evidence summaries, 3 systematic reviews. We summarized 26 pieces of evidence which were then classified into 3 themes, namely, risk assessment and risk factor identification, prevention and treatment, and monitoring and management of enteral nutrition-associated vomitting in patients with mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: This study summarizes the evidence for the prevention and management of enteral nutrition-associated vomitting in mechanically ventilated patients so that nurses can follow the evidence and select personalized prevention and management plans combined with clinical situations to promote evidence-based nursing practice of those patients.

Key words: mechanical ventilation; enteral nutrition; vomiting; evidence summary; evidence-based nursing