关键词: 新生儿；呼吸机相关性肺炎；预防；证据总结；循证护理学

Abstract: Objective: To search, evaluate and summarize the relevant evidence on the prevention and management of Ventilators Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in children in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and to provide implications for clinical practice. Methods: Evidence on neonatal VAP prevention and management was systematically searched from Chinese and English databases, guideline websites and related association websites. Searching was from January 2013 to August 2023. Literature quality evaluation, evidence extraction and summary were performed independently by researchers. Results: A total of 14 articles were included, consisting of 23 pieces of evidence. The evidence were summarized in risk factor identification, oral care, endotracheal suction, head elevation, ventilator management, medication use, holistic care. Conclusion: The evidence summarized in this study is comprehensive and practical, allowing healthcare professionals to follow the evidence to provide prevention and management strategies for VAP in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation in NICU, thereby reducing the occurrence of VAP.

Key words: newborn; Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia; prevention; evidence summary; evidence-based nursing