This paper reviewed the risk factors of nurses' occupational exposure and summarized the research progress on the prevention and control of nurses' occupational exposure risks. The aims are to improve nurses' attention to occupational exposure risks, enhance their awareness of occupational safety, and provide a reference for nursing managers to prevent and control occupational exposure risks.

Objective: To establish standardized and unified monitoring and protection indicators of common occupational exposure for nursing staff. Methods: Through the method of literature review, the sharp instrument injury and antineoplastic drug exposure were included as the common occupational exposure, which occurred frequently and caused great harm in the occupational exposure of nursing staff. The name, definition and calculation method of the indicators were defined through group discussion. After two rounds of expert written consultation and expert on-site discussion, 6 indicators were finally determined. Then small sample pilot study was performed. Results: A total of 6 indicators of occupational exposure monitoring and protection for nursing staff were finally determined, including 5 indicators related to sharp instrument injury exposure and 1 indicator related to antineoplastic drug exposure. After trial, two indicators, "incidence of sharp instrument injury" and "allocation rate of intravenous anti-tumor drugs in open environment", were finally selected for online collection. Conclusion: The indicators constructed in this study focus on the characteristics of nursing staff's occupational exposure and protection work, which are both scientific and practical. It is expected to enhance the understanding of the current situation of nursing staff's occupational exposure and formulating effective management strategies. It is also helpful for nursing managers to pay more attention to nursing staff's occupational exposure risks, and enhance the nurses' own occupational safety awareness. It is of positive significance to promote the improvement of clinical nursing quality.

Most antineoplastic drugs have strong cytotoxicity, which have different degrees of occupational hazards to exposed persons while inhibiting or killing tumor cells. This paper described in detail the risk assessment process of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs, and put forward constructive suggestions on its safety management. It is expected to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the establishment of occupational protection guidelines and standards for antineoplastic drugs in the future.

Objective: To search the evidence of nurses' needlestick injury prevention and management and summarize evidence. Methods: Based on the 6S pyramid model, we searched guideline websites and databases for evidence on the prevention and management of needlestick injuries in nursing, including decision support, guidelines, expert consensuses, systematic reviews, and evidence summaries from January 1, 2012 to December 1, 2022. Independent literature screening, quality appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis were conducted by two researchers. A third-party adjudication was performed when discrepancies happened. Results: A total of 15 articles were included, consisting of one decision support, three guidelines, three expert consensuses, four evidence summaries, one evidence-based practice, and three systematic reviews. Finally, 39 pieces of evidence were generated. Conclusion: This study summarized the evidence of prevention and management of needlestick injuries in nursing, which can provide an evidence base for standardizing nurses' use of sharp medical devices and reducing the risk behavior of occupational exposure.

Objective: To analyze the contents and structure of China's "Internet + nursing service" policy text at the provincial level from the perspective of policy tools, and to provide reference for the optimization and improvement of subsequent related policies. Methods: The two-dimensional analysis framework of "policy tools-development process" was developed. The content analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the policy text of "Internet + nursing service" in each province. Results: A total of 13 policy texts were included, percentage of documents issued by relevant ministries and commissions alone (61.5%) was significantly higher than that of documents jointly issued by multiple ministries and commissions (38.5%). A total of 169 text codes were generated, of which supply-based policy tools, environment-based policy tools, and demand-based policy tools accounted for 19.5%, 62.1% and 18.3% respectively; policy exploration stage, pilot stage and promotion stage accounted for 6.5%, 50.3% and 43.2% respectively. Conclusion: The internal structure of the three types of policy tools in each province is not balanced. The environmental policy tools are used too frequently. There are differences in the policy focus in each stage and there is a lack of coordination between departments. There is still space for policy optimization in the later stage.

Objective: To explore the illness experience of Maintenance Hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease. Methods: Through the interpretative phenomenological method, 14 Maintenance Hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease from a tertiary grade A hospital in Nanjing from August 2021 to January 2022, were interviewed in depth, and data were collated and analyzed by Colaizzi method. Results: A total of 4 themes were summarized and analyzed: out of control body state; limited daily activities; negative psychological state; discover the positive meaning of disease pain. Conclusion: The illness experience of Maintenance Hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease is complex and varied. Medical staff should assess the illness status timely, and establish targeted interventions to improve patients' physical and mental health as well as quality of life.

Objective: To translate the Benefit Finding Scale for Children (BFSC) and test its psychometric properties among Chinese children with cancer. Methods: According to the Brislin model to translate and back-translate the original English version, the Chinese version of the scale was determined after cultural adjustment and pretesting on the scale. A convenience sample of 161 children aged 8-18 years old with various cancers was recruited in Beijing and Hebei province to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale from October 2021 to February 2022. Results: There were 10 items in the Chinese version of BFSC. Factor analysis identified one factor, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 55.804%. The item-level content validity index of the Chinese version of BFSC was 0.86-1.00, the scale-level content validity index was 0.942, the Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was 0.909, and the split-half reliability was 0.879. Conclusion: The Chinese version of BFSC appears to be a reliable and valid instrument to evaluate benefit finding among children with cancer in the context of Chinese culture.

Objective: To develop and test the Psychometric Properties Evaluation of the Birth Trauma Perception Scale for Women During Vaginal Delivery. Methods: The primary scale was developed by literature review, semi-structured interviews and expert letter consultations. A total of 240 women with vaginal delivery were recruited by convenience sampling from two hospitals in Nanchang city, Jiangxi Province. The final scale was formed after reliability and validity testing. Results: There were 31 items in the scale. A total of 4 factors were extracted by the exploratory factor analysis, and the 4 factors were respectively named as medical support trauma perception, labor pain trauma perception, family support trauma perception, and labor outcome trauma perception. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 69.907%. The average Content Validity Index of the scale was 0.970, and the Item Content Validity Index ranged from 0.860 to 1.000. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.969, and the Cronbach's α coefficient of each dimension ranged from 0.781 to 0.972. The retest reliability coefficient of scale was 0.965 (P<0.05), and the retest reliability coefficient of each dimension ranged from 0.838 to 0.980 (all P<0.05). The half-reliability of the scale was 0.978, and the half-reliability of each dimension ranged from 0.813 to 0.981. Conclusion: The Psychometric Properties Evaluation of the Birth Trauma Perception Scale for Women During Vaginal Delivery has good reliability and validity, and can be used as a measurement tool of birth trauma perception.

Objective: To explore barriers to the implementation of a nursing clinical decision support system in a tertiary general hospital in Shanghai from the perspectives of nursing staff. Methods: Theoretically guided by the Human, Organization and Technology-Fit (HOT-fit) framework, an interview outline was formulated. Totally 18 nurses from the pilot wards participated in the in-depth interviews, of which the data were analyzed by means of thematic analysis. Results: Barriers to the system implementation can be attributed to four aspects: human, technology, organization, and net benefit. The human aspect includes nurses' difficulty adapting to the system and their negative attitude towards the system. Lack of user-friendly interface design, poor information linkage and ineffective technical support usually lead to technological barriers. The organization aspect refers to inadequate user training and inconsistency in system implementation. Nurses' increased workload and not benefiting from the decision support system further intensify the net benefit barriers. Conclusion: The promotion of a nursing clinical decision support system calls for joint efforts from end users, technical staff and organizers, including regarding the new system in a rational way, improving system usability, fostering inter-disciplinary collaboration and offering administration support.

Objective: To examine the effects of a graded prevention program for breast cancer patients with Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN). Methods: A total of 145 breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy in the breast surgery department of a tertiary hospital in Wuhan from July 2020 to July 2021 were recruited and assigned to the experimental group (n=72) and the control group (n=73) according to their admission dates. Patients in the experimental group was given a graded prevention program, while patients in the control group received routine prevention measures. The incidence of CIPN, grade of CIPN, and the symptom severity of CIPN were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence, grade and severity of CIPN-related symptoms of patients in the experimental were lower than those of patients in the control group during chemotherapy and one month after the chemotherapy (P<0.05). Conclusion: The graded prevention program for breast cancer patients with CIPN can reduce the incidence and grade of CIPN, and can effectively improve the CIPN-related symptoms in breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy, and then help to improve their life quality.

Objective: To investigate the effects of pre-rehabilitation before hospitalization in older patients with posterior long-segment lumbar surgery. Methods: According to the admission date, eighty-one older patients who received posterior long-segment lumbar surgery from January 2020 to June 2021 were assigned to the control group (n=40) and the interventional group (n=41). Patients in the control group received routine preoperative preparation, while patients in the interventional group received pre-rehabilitation intervention before hospitalization besides the preoperative preparation. The results of a 6-Minute Walk Test, serum albumin, anxiety, back function, pain, and incidences of some common postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results: After the intervention, it was showed that the main effect difference and the time main effect difference of the 6-Minute Walk Test, serum albumin, anxiety, back function and pain of patients in the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was an interaction between the intervention factor and the time factor (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative constipation in the interventional group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). There were no differences regarding the occurrence of postoperative Venous Thromboembolism, incision infection and lung infection between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Pre-rehabilitation before hospitalization can effectively improve the physiological and psychological functions of older patients with posterior long-segment lumbar surgery during the perioperative period, and reduce the dysfunction and pain of back.

Objective: To construct the nursing risk assessment index system for psychiatric patients, providing a more comprehensive and convenient evaluation tool for clinical practice. Methods: By retrieving the literature and the existing general scales of various risks, a preliminary scale for the risk assessment of psychiatric patients was formed. The Delphi method was used to evaluate the items of the scale, and the analytic hierarchy process was applied to determine the weight score of each index. Results: After three rounds of expert consultation, the final psychiatric nursing risk assessment index system included 2 first-level indicators, 7 second-level indicators and 86 third-level indicators. Conclusion: The study constructs the evaluation index system for the nursing risk of psychiatric patients, and obtain the expert consensus. It has laid a solid foundation for a more comprehensive assessment of patient risks and providing targeted high-quality nursing services.

Objective: To design and evaluate the application effect of a checklist for the prevention of risk with Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injury (MARSI) for infant recipients of liver transplantation. Methods: The checklist for prevention of MARSI risk for infant recipients of liver transplantation was developed based on literature review and expert consultation, and its effect on the incidence of MARSI was evaluated based on 6-month clinical application. Results: The checklist for the prevention of MARSI risk for infant recipients of liver transplantation included 4 check time points and 19 items. The incidence of MARSI of the participants decreased from 49.1% to 19.2% after the application of the checklist (P<0.05). Conclusion: This checklist for prevention of MARSI risk is scientific and practical, its application can decrease the incidence of MARSI and improve the quality of nursing care in the operating room, which is worthy of clinical application.

This article reviews risk screening tools for elderly patients in the emergency department and analyze the realistic factors affecting the application of risk assessment tools, with the aim of providing a reference for researchers to choose different tools and expand new ideas for the care and treatment of elderly patients in the emergency department in China.

Objective: To systematically synthesize the caring experience of family caregivers of children with asthma to understand the inner needs of caregivers. Methods: We searched Chinese and English databases to collect qualitative studies on the experience of family caregivers of asthmatic children from the inception of databases to June 2022. The literature quality was appraised by the JBI critical appraisal tool for qualitative research (2020 edition). Findings of included studies were synthesized using Meta-aggregation. Results: A total of 21 Chinese and English papers were included. We extracted 88 research findings which were collated into 11 themes and further classified into 3 categories: family relations and work life change due to multiple stressors from caring children with asthma; multiple challenges in asthma management; accepting and responding proactively. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should pay high attention to the physical and mental health of caregivers of children with asthma, explore the challenges encountered in their caring process, and constantly seek optimal solutions. In addition, healthcare professionals should offer emotional and social support to promote the positive experience of caregivers and ultimately improve the overall quality of life.

Objective: To comprehensively describe the hope experience of parents of children with cancer through Meta synthesis of qualitative studies. Methods: The Chinese and English databases were comprehensively searched to collect qualitative studies relevant to the hope experience of parents of children with cancer from database establishment to December 2021. The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the quality evaluation standard of qualitative research (2016 Edition) of JBI evidence-based health care center in Australia. The findings were integrated through the pooled integration method. Results: A total of 12 articles were included. Thirty-seven research topics were extracted and summarized into 11 new categories, which were grouped into 4 integrated findings: the process and way of hope existence; the source of hope; the positive role of hope; obstacles of hope maintenance. Conclusion: During care of cancer children, it is very important to maintain parents' hope. The sources of hope are diversified, and the parents' hope experience of children can be strengthened through multiple ways. We should pay attention to the corresponding needs of parents of children and improve the hope level and quality of care.

Objective: To search and obtain relevant evidence on the prevention and management of post-stroke aspiration pneumonia at home and abroad, and summarize the evidence. Methods: We systematically searched all evidences related to the prevention and management of post-stroke aspiration pneumonia, including clinical guidelines, expert consensus, evidence summary, systematic evaluation, randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Four researchers trained in systematic evidence-based knowledge evaluated the quality of the studies, selected studies that met the inclusion criteria with professional judgment, and extracted the evidence. Results: Totally 18 literature were included, including 1 guideline, 2 expert consensus, 6 systematic reviews, 1 evidence summary, and 8 original studies. The evidence related to post-stroke aspiration pneumonia was extracted and sorted into 6 aspects, a total of 30 pieces of evidence. The 6 aspects were establishment of multidisciplinary team, screening and rehabilitation training of dysphagia, aspiration prevention, drug prevention, oral hygiene, and nutritional support. Conclusion: This study summarized the best evidence for the prevention and management of post-stroke aspiration pneumonia, which is scientific and practical to a certain degree, and can provide evidence-based basis for clinical medical staff to carry out targeted evidence application.

Objective: To construct a generalizable and standardized training program for geriatric nursing professionals and evaluate its effects. Methods: From November 2016 to November 2019, study was conducted in five cities in Liaoning province. Based on the principle of voluntary registration and participation, 20 nurses were selected from hospitals and nursing schools in each city. The included nurses were trained by nursing experts and were qualified as training teachers after passing inspection, and then 20 nurses from hospitals and nursing homes were selected as their trainees to receive the training. A self-designed questionnaire was used to assess the trainees' theoretical knowledge before and after training, and the KJ method was used to qualitatively analyze the trainees' real experience in the training process and summarize the topics. Results: The theoretical knowledge scores of the trainees in training were significantly improved after the training (P<0.005). A total of four major themes were refined by KJ method: strengthening humanistic care and taking caring of the physical and mental health of the aged; encourage the aged to take care of themselves and realize self-worth; enhance the concept of nursing service and promote professional recognition; learn nursing knowledge and applying it in practice. Conclusion: The training program for geriatric care professionals based on Train-the-Trainer training model can significantly improve the theoretical knowledge of nurses, promote the professional recognition of nurses, which is worthy of further promotion.

Objective: To construct a work checklist to provide theoretical reference and a tool for the managers and front-line healthcare providers to plan and carry out the medical work and quality control in mobile cabin hospitals. Methods: Through literature review, a work checklist for healthcare workers in mobile cabin hospitals was formed according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory, combined with field practice summary, and group discussion. Later a total of 20 experts were consulted using the Delphi method to modify and improve the checklist to finally construct the work list. Results: The positive degrees of experts in both rounds of consultation were 100.0% with the authority coefficients of experts being 0.920 and 0.930, the coordination coefficients being 0.208 and 0.133, respectively (P<0.001). The work checklist for healthcare workers in mobile cabin hospitals included 5 primary indicators and 30 secondary indicators. Conclusion: The work checklist for healthcare workers in mobile cabin hospitals is scientific, reliable and practical, providing an effective tool to support the medical staff to carry out their work in a safe and orderly manner.

Objective: To explore the effects of a training program in nurses specialized in pediatric rehabilitation. Methods: From July to September 2021, a total of 78 pediatric rehabilitation nurses participated in the training. The theoretical training (1 month) covered four modules: pediatric rehabilitation knowledge, skills, research, and nursing management and humanistic quality. The clinical practice (1.5 months) focused on 14 specialized skills. Before and after the training, nurse's competency was compared. The scores of theoretical examination, satisfaction with the training, and evaluation of the practice base were analyzed. Results: All nurses successfully completed the training program. After the training, the score of nurse's competencies was higher than that before the training (P<0.001). The total score of theoretical examination was 243.46±8.79. The satisfaction percentage with the training was 91.8%. The score of nurses evaluation on practice base was 97.56±2.59. Conclusion: The training program can improve the rehabilitation ability of nurses and provide backbone for the development of pediatric nursing rehabilitation in China.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of nursing interruption during the device inspection and assembly operations. Methods: Through the monitoring records of the operation room and table, the interruption incidents occurred in November 2021 were reviewed, and the frequency, source, type and outcome of the interruption events were analyzed. Results: A total of 886 nursing interruption events were observed, with a total time of 14.91 hours. Mainly came from apparatus and utensils (n=227, 25.6%), environment (n=225, 25.4%) and colleagues (n=149, 16.8%). Meanwhile, the interruption events were mainly distributed as intrusiveness (n=498, 56.2%) and distraction (n=257, 29.0%). There were 759 negative results (85.7%) and 127 positive results (14.3%). Conclusion: The interrupt incident of nursing staff of surgical instrument group in inspection package sterilization area of Central Sterile Supply Department is high. Nursing managers need to figure out the characteristics of interruption events and improve the regional workflow to reduce the occurrence of the interruption events.

Objective: To construct a quality control index system of disinfection supply with Chinese characteristics, and promote the quality control of disinfection supply to be more scientific, standard, homogeneous and refined. Methods: Taking Donabedian's three-dimensional quality theory of "structure-process-result" as the index system framework, the quality control index system of disinfection supply in China was constructed by Delphi method. Results: The index system of disinfection supply quality control included 3 first-level indicators, 7 second-level indicators and 12 third-level indicators. Each index had its definition, calculation formula and interpretation. Conclusion: The disinfection supply quality control index system constructed in this study can guide all localities to gradually carry out disinfection supply quality management evaluation, and improve the scientific and refined level of centralized management of Central Sterile Supply Department.

Objective: To analyze the application effects of continuous low negative pressure suction in postoperative patients with oral cancer. Methods: Ninety-eight postoperative patients with oral cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the study subjects, randomized into the control group (49 patients) and the experimental group (49 patients). The control group received temporary suction with disposable sputum suction tube, while the experimental group received continuous low negative pressure suction with sputum suction tube. The facial swelling situation, eating time, 24 h drainage volume, comfort level (VAS score), complications and drainage satisfaction of the two groups were observed. Results: The facial swelling situation of patients in the experimental group was better than that in the control group, and the eating time, 24 h drainage volume and VAS score were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The drainage satisfaction in the experimental group was better than the control group (P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The continuous low negative pressure suction with sputum suction tube has an ideal application effect in patients with oral cancer after surgery. It can improve the patient's drainage satisfaction and oral condition, reduce complications, shorten the eating time, reduce the 24h drainage volume, and improve the patient's comfort level. It can be further popularized in practice.

Objective: To investigate the disease progression fear in young patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and analyze its correlation with symptom distress after radiotherapy. Methods: Totally 104 young patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who discharged from a hospital in Guangxi province during January 2020 to October 2021 were included by convenience sampling. General information questionnaire, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, The M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventory for Head & Neck were used for data collection. Results: The total score of Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form in young patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 37.48±10.12, the total score of M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory for Head & Neck was 95.00 (61.25, 147.00). The score of fear of disease progression was positively correlated with pain, fatigue, distress, feeling sad, difficulty in pronunciation or speech (P<0.05). Conclusion: The fear of disease progression in young patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma is at a high level, and it is associated with certain symptoms after radiotherapy. The disease progression fear in young patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma needs more attention in clinic, and corresponding intervention measures according to its characteristics and the related factors are expected to alleviate the fear of disease progression.

Objective: To reveiw the outcome indicators of perioperative exercise effectiveness trials for lung cancer patients in literature published from 2017 to 2021, and classify the outcomes. Methods: Totally 7 databases including CNKI, WanFang database, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched systematically based on the scoping review framework proposed by Arksey. The data extraction of the included literatures was carried out, and the extracted outcomes were classified according to the outcome framework on COMET. Results: Totally 36 literatures were included, and the outcomes were classified into 3 core domains, including physiological or clinical, life impact and resource use, and 11 outcome domains. Conclusion: The study of perioperative exercise effectiveness in patients with lung cancer involved a variety of outcome indicators, and the standardization and type integrity need to be improved. In the future, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of the outcome indicators of the revelant studies and the construction of the core outcome set of the perioperative exercise effectiveness in patients with lung cancer.

Objective: To review the scope of studies on video games in the health education for patients with malignant tumors. Methods: Based on the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute Scope Review Guide, a comprehensive search was conducted in 8 Chinese and English databases from the establishment of the database to November 1, 2021. The included studies were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of 10 English articles were included with the publication time from 2006 to 2020. A total of 8 video games included in the study were mainly based on platforms such as APPs and web pages to provide patients with health education materials. The effect evaluation of video games mainly included the acceptability, patient satisfaction, patients health outcomes. Conclusion: Video games have significant advantages in health education for patients with malignant tumors, but they also have certain limitations in clinical applications. Video games for health education are the focus of future clinical education.

Objective: To summarize the content, outcome indicators and application effects of Virtual Reality (VR) technology in patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD). Methods: A literature search was performed in Chinese and English databases from inception to May 15, 2022 to retrieve relevant studies. The framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley was used to conduct the scoping review. Two researchers independently summarized and analyzed data. Results: A total of 9 studies were included. Physical training based on non-immersive VR was the main type of VR technology intervention for MHD patients, with a frequency of 3 times per week, lasting 30-60 minutes per session of 4-24 weeks during dialysis, and intervention intensity based on the Rating of Perceived Exertion of patients with MHD. VR technology can improve the physical function and health-related quality of life of MHD patients to some extent, but whether it can improve mental health was still controversial. No adverse events and well acceptability of VR technology intervention were reported among MHD patients. Conclusion: VR technology intervention has a positive effect on MHD patients and is safe and feasible. Large sample and more high quality experiments are needed to provide evidence-based basis for formulating the best VR technology intervention plan for MHD patients.

This article expounds the research status of self-transcendence in cancer patients from the definition and significance of self-transcendence, the influence of self-transcendence on cancer outcomes, the influencing factors and intervention measures of self-transcendence, in order to provide reference for improving the level of self-transcendence of cancer patients.

This article reviews non-instrumental screening tools, including general screening tools and specific screening tools, for acquired dysphagia in ICU, and summarizes their main contents, reliability and validity, advantages and disadvantages, and application effects, in order to provide reference for relevant research and the selection of clinical screening tools for acquired dysphagia in ICU.

This paper reviews the application, prospects and challenges of wearable devices in pain management to provide a reference for the development and utilization of such devices in pain management and clinical nursing practice.