This article elaborates the training strategies of scientific research thinking from the perspective of Evidence-Based Practice. With a view to provide suggestions for nurses, nursing managers and medical institutions, so as to enhance nurses' ability of scientific research and Evidence-Based Practice, improve clinical nursing practice and ultimately promote the development of nursing discipline.

On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign guidelines/consensus from experts on the prevention and control of Multidrug-Resistant Organism healthcare-associated infection, this study objectively evaluates the practical application of the recommended measures. This paper is aimed at providing basis for Chinese clinical medical staff to choose the prevention and control strategy of Multidrug-Resistant Organism healthcare-associated infection.

Objective: To retrieve and analyze the best evidences for early mobilization after liver resection and summarize the best available evidences. Methods: Databases and websites including the PubMed, Cochrane Library, BMJ Best Practice, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Guidelines International Network (GIN), the New Zealand Guidelines Group (NZGG) and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) were searched to collect evidences for early mobilization after liver resection such as guidelines, consensus, evidence summaries, systematic reviews and original studies closely related to the theme. Results: Totally nine articles were enrolled including two guidelines, three expert consensus, three systematic reviews and one randomized controlled trial, and five items of best evidence were summarized. Conclusion: All the evidences included in the study show that it is safe and beneficial to carry out early mobilization after liver resection and local guidelines with high quality have been established in China. Therefore, it is suggested that clinical stuff should apply theories to practice by implementing the best practices summarized to accelerate recovery of patients and improve the quality of clinical nursing.

Objective: To retrieve, assess and summarize the best available evidence on standardized physical restraint for adult patients in intensive care unit. Methods: We searched the NICE Guidance, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO), Guidelines International Network (GIN), National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), Pubmed, UpToDate, BMJ best practice, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data and OVID. The literature including guidelines, evidence summary, recommended practice and systematic review between 2008-2018 were collected. Results: Eight references were enrolled including two guidelines, one evidence summary and five systematic reviews. Four areas including 23 items of evidence were summarized, including decision-making, implementation, education and management. Conclusion: Healthcare organizations and clinical staff should make relevant policy for implementing physical restraint and carry out standardized intervention to ensure patients' safety as well as decreasing the rate of physical restraint applications.

Objective: To search evidence-based nursing practices relevant to Bakri balloons in prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage caused by placental previa at present and their effectiveness, and apply those practices to clinical nursing. Methods: Evidence-based methods were adopted to figure out the best evidence, which was then combined with the medical team members' clinical experience and patients' requirement to make review standards and clinical nursing norms of Bakri balloons and risk warning processes of postpartum hemorrhage. All medical staff were trained about the best practice as well as the above mentioned standards, norms and processes to ensure their application to Bakri balloons usage management. Indicators collected before and after the application of Bakri balloons, including the success rate of hemostasis, incidence of relevant complications (such as genital tract infection, balloons knockout and displacement, and hemorrhage after extubation), hospital stay and hemorrhage within 24 hours were compared and analyzed. Results: The success rate of hemostasis increased from 84.0% to 100.0% since the implementation of the evidence-based practice, with the incidence of complications decreased from 24.0% to 4.0%, which was significantly lower than before (P<0.05). Meanwhile, patients's hospital stays and the amount of hemorrhage within 24 hours both decreased after the implementation of the evidence-based practice with the differences being statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bakri balloons were significantly useful in controlling hemorrhage caused by placenta previa, and application of evidence-based practices to women after their operations can obviously improve the success rate of hemostasis, reduce the incidence of complications and hemorrhage within 24 hours, and shorten their hospital stays.

Objective: To obtain effective nutritional screening for patients with head and neck cancer before operations through implementing evidence-based nursing. Methods: Guidelines and evidences summarized from The European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) on nutritional screening of patients with cancer were applied in the head and neck surgery unit of a certain tertiary Grade A hospital according to the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-based Practice (JHNEBP) model. Results: Evidence-based nursing created positive effects on nutritional nursing management in patients with head and neck cancer before their operations yet with room for improvement. Conclusion: The quality of nutritional nursing management could be refined by carrying out evidence-based nursing in nutritional screening for patients with head and neck cancer before their operations.

Objective: To investigate the status quo of readiness for hospital discharge of patients with colorectal cancer following Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and to explore its influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a hospital. A self-designed general information questionnaire, the Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale and the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale were delivered to 130 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients following Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Results: The total score of readiness for hospital discharge was 149.86±33.65. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the quality of discharge education, discharge to a rehabilitative institution were influencing factors of readiness for hospital discharge. Conclusion: The level of CRC patients' readiness for hospital discharge needs to be improved. Medical staff should improve the quality of discharge guidance and pay more attention to patients transferred to rehabilitation institutions when they leave hospitals.

Objective: To explore the effect of group art behavior therapy on depression and anxiety among hospitalized epileptic patients. Methods: Seventy-eight hospitalized patients during April to September 2017 in the epilepsy ward of the neurology department in our hospital were recruited. The patients admitted to the hospital from April to June 2017 were included in the control group, and those patients from July to September 2017 were included in the experimental group. Each group had 39 patients. Patients in the experimental group received group art behavior therapy treatment besides routine treatment, while those in the control group received routine treatment only. The patients' anxiety and depression levels on admission and two weeks after treatment were evaluated by Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD 24). Results: After the group art behavior therapy treatment, the HAMA score, HAMD 24 score of the patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than the scores on admission and also lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The group art behavior therapy treatment could improve the depression and anxiety level among hospitalized epileptic patients.

Objective: To explore the reasons of delayed colonoscopy in patients after intestinal polypectomy, and to provide reference for further effective intervention. Methods: A descriptive qualitative research method was adopted. Purposive sampling was used and semi structured interviews were conducted with 13 patients who were not check colonoscopy on time. The data were analyzed by content analysis method. Results: The reasons for not checking colonoscopy on time were summarized into 4 themes, lack of knowledge about polyps, depend on personal experience too much unwilling to recheck colonoscopy and poor in family and social supports. Conclusion: The patients with intestinal polypectomy were with poor compliance of periodic check. Correct and comprehensive understanding of intestinal polyps, more supports from families and society, and efficient postoperation management are necessary to improve the compliance of checking colonoscopy.

Objective: To translate the Short Health Scale (SHS) for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) formulated by Dr. Henrik from Swedish into Chinese, test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version, and evaluate its feasibility in China. Methods: The Chinese version of SHS for IBD was developed and the reliability, validity and known-groups validity of the scale were evaluated among 154 patients with IBD. Results: The Cronbach 'alpha coefficient of the Chinese version was 0.887 and 0.914 in the patients with Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), respectively, the retest reliability of each item was more than 0.7. Each item of the scale showed good correlation with the similar dimension of the 22-item IBD quality-of-life questionnaire (IBDQOL-22) and the Chinese version of the Rating Form of IBD Patient Concerns (RFIPC), and was moderately correlated with the disease activity index. The patients with CD and UC were divided into the active group and the remission group respectively. Except for the item of conditions consciously felt by patients with CD, comparison of the rest items between the two groups showed difference with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: The Chinese version of the SHS for patients with IBD has good reliability, validity and known-groups validity, and can be used for the evaluation of the health related quality of life of patients with IBD.

Objective: To identify the risk factors of post-ICU cognitive impairment by meta analysis. Methods: Databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2018), Web of Science, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched to collect randomized control trials (RCTs), cohort studies and case-control studies about the risk factors of post-ICU cognitive impairment from inception to April 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using Revman 5.3. Results: Thirty-eight studies were recruited, including 10 870 cases. The hypoxemia, duration of mechanical ventilation, Charlson Comorbidity index, education level, opioid dose, delirium and duration of delirium were independent predictors of post-ICU cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Because of insufficient evidence on risk factors for post-ICU cognitive impairment and inconsistent evaluation methods of post-ICU cognitive impairment and different follow-up time, more strictly designed original studies are needed to identify the risk factors of post-ICU cognitive impairment.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of health education based on PRECEDE-PROCEED model in high-risk population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 120 high-risk individuals from the medical examination center in a tertiary hospital in Ningxia were divided into two groups. The control group (n=60) were with usual health education, and the intervention group (n=60) were with the education based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. The knowledge-attitude-practice of diabetes prevention score, body mass index (BMI), the incidence of hypertension and impaired glucose regulation and quality of life were compared before and after the intervention. Results: There were significant differences in the time-effect and inter-group effects between the total scores and each dimension scores of the knowledge-attitude-practice diabetes prevention (P<0.01), and there was an interaction effect between groups and time factors (P<0.01). There was statistically significant difference in BMI (P<0.05), the overall quality of life and most dimensions except for the body pain dimension of quality of life (P<0.05). Conclusion: The health education based on PRECEDE- PROCEED model is benefit for the improvement of knowledge-attitude-practice of type 2 diabetes prevention, the control of BMI, blood pressure and glucose, and improvement of the quality of life in high-risk population with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To explore the effects of a cognitive-behavioral intervention on common symptom clusters of patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Totally 140 patients were assigned using paired design to the control group with routine care of the Oncology Department and the experiment group with a cognitive-behavioral intervention for 5 weeks, respectively. The difference regarding gastrointestinal symptom clusters, psychological symptom clusters and energy deficiency symptom clusters of the two groups before and after interventions were compared. Besides, illness perception and quality of life were compared as secondary outcomes. Results: The difference between the two groups was statistically significant in terms of the three symptom clusters, illness perception and quality of life (P<0.05). Conclusion: The cognitive-behavioral intervention can help to relieve the common symptom clusters of patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. This intervention will also be beneficial to the clinical management over symptom clusters of patients with chronic disease.

Objective: To investigate the current status of utilization and management of mobile nurses pool in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Hebei province. Methods: Through semi-structured interviews and questionnaire investigation, totally 56 directors in nursing departments, 25 from tertiary hospitals and 31 from secondary hospitals finished the investigation. Results: Totally 21 tertiary hospitals and 10 secondary hospitals had mobile nurses pools. The directors of the 17 nursing department in either secondary or tertiary hospitals thought it is necessary to establish the mobile nurses pool. The mobile nurses selection by nursing department was the most commonly used selection method. Most hospitals had a special management system and cultivating goal for mobile nurses. Mobile nurses were divided into full-time and part-time mobile nurses and most mobile nurses were part-time. Conclusion: There is still no unified standard for establishment and management of mobile nurses pool and the secondary hospitals should learn from the tertiary hospitals.

Objective: To analyze the effects of establishment of psychological screening at admission and personalize care process. Methods: Based on the Sunshine Hospital project, we set up the post of sunshine nurse who was responsible for patients' psychological screening. Then we established the grade mental nursing system. Results: There were significant differences in the scores of SAS and SDS before and after the psychological intervention (P<0.05). The patients' satisfaction of the nursing service was 98.20%. The psychological nursing ability scores of the nurses increased from 73.25±8.75 to 89.01±5.82 after the psychological care implementation. The mental psychologist's satisfaction on the care service, psychological assessment ability and psychological care effects of Sunshine Nurse were 100%. The number of psychiatrists' consultation on inpatients increased 1.405 times in the first 6 months. Conclusion: The sunshine nurse practice is beneficial to improve the patient's medical experience, enhance the nurses' development, and achieve better social and economic benefits.

The Nursing Outcomes Classificaton system (NOC), as one of the standardized nursing language, has great significance to the development of nursing disciplines. This article described the conception and significance, production and development, effect of clinical application of the nursing outcomes classification. It is expected to provide information for the application of nursing outcomes in China's health service system.

Objective: To identify scientific, sensitive and practical nursing safety quality indicators for neurosurgery, and which will help to evaluate and monitor nursing safety quality in neurosurgery. Methods: Nursing-sensitive and safety quality indicators for neurosurgery were initially identified on the basis of literature researching and clinical data analysis. The indicators were modified using Delphi technique. Results: Fourteen nursing-sensitive safety quality indicators for neurosurgery such as incidence of fall, incidence of falling bed or chair and pressure injury were identified. Both of the positive coefficients in the two rounds of expert consultation were 100%,and the authoritative coefficient was 0.83. After two rounds of expert consultation, the coefficients of variation ranged from 0.00 to 0.22. The coordination coefficient ranged from 0.106 to 0.216. Conclusion: The nursing-sensitive safety quality indicators for neurosurgery on the basis of Delphi technique are scientific and practical,which can be applied to safety quality assessment.

Objective: To explore the effect of mind map based on case analysis in emergency nursing teaching among undergraduate nursing interns. Methods: By using the random sampling method, 30 undergraduate nursing interns of a tertiary grade A hospital in Changsha in 2017 were selected as the small-scope teaching pilot. Mind map based on case analysis was adopted to carry out 3 sessions of intensive training in emergency nursing teaching. Theoretical assessment, teaching quality satisfaction and reflective diary were used to evaluate the teaching effect. Results: After intensive training, theoretical examination scores of undergraduate nursing interns were significantly higher than those before training (P<0.01). Satisfaction scores of teaching process, teaching method, teaching effect and teaching content were 24.60±0.81, 24.57±0.82, 24.53±0.73, 24.33±0.99, respectively. Four main points were extracted, including easy to understand, helpful to master knowledge systematically, a sense of accomplishment, great challenge. Conclusion: In emergency nursing teaching among undergraduate nursing interns, mind map based on case analysis is helpful to improve theoretical achievements, promote satisfaction of teaching quality and the teaching effect.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of continuous nutritionnursing on the nutritional status of elderly bedridden patients at home. Methods: The 120 elderly bedridden patients who were discharged from our hospital from January to December 2016 were divided into two groups by hospitalization time. According to the order of discharge time, the odd number was the experimental group (n=58) and the even number was the control group (n=55). In the control group, the patients and their caregivers were given routine continuous nursing services, such as diet education guidance and telephone follow-up.In the experimental group, the patients and their caregivers were given continuous nutrition care.Continuous intervention last for 6 months.At the time of discharge, 3 months and 6 months after discharge, the nutritional status of the two groups was evaluated with the micro nutrition assessment MNA (mini-nutritional assessment) scale. Results: At the time of discharge, there was no significant difference in the distribution of nutritional status between the two groups, and at 3 and 6 months after discharge, there was a significant difference in the distribution of nutritional status between the two groups (P<0.05). The incidence of malnutrition in the trial group was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion: Continuous nutrition nursing can improve the nutritional status of elderly bedridden patients.

Objective: To investigate how patients with esophageal cancer discharged from hospital after surgery are assessed regarding their supportive care needs. Methods: Totally 268 nurses from 18 tertiary Grade A hospitals in China were investigated with self-designed questionnaire. Results: About 87.7% nurses used direct inquires about recent status for supportive care needs. About 96.6% nurses believed that they would ignore some patients' needs after every assessment. Most nurses assessed patient needs only according to their clinical experience or a department's self-designed checklist and the supportive care needs of patients which most nurses think are not consistent with the actual needs of patients themselves. About 45.1% nurses believed that the existing evaluation methods could reduce supportive care quality for postoperative esophageal cancer patients. Conclusion: The present assessment methods of supportive care needs for postoperative esophageal cancer patients after discharge are subjective. There are no standardized scales targeting supportive care needs assessment for postoperative esophageal cancer patients after discharge.

With the development of mobile technology, mobile APPs entered into the medical field. This review introduced the general characteristics, available interventions, and effects of mobile APPs implementation. Through this review, we summarized the limitations of current APPs and provided evidence to improve designs to meet different needs of patients with chronic pain. We look forward to a larger scale of implementation of mobile APPs with good reliability to improve patients' quality of life.

This article introduced the development history and current status of integrated care in mechanical ventilator-dependent patients in Taiwan area, including the original background, connotation construction, implementation process and achievements. Its experience and enlightenment could provide references for the development of continuous care of chronic diseases, case management and discharge planning in Chinese mainland.

The birth of a premature infant is a huge challenge for a family. With the change of medical model, the clinical concern is not only focus on the therapeutic effect of premature infants, but also the "baby-family"relationship that we once neglected. For the Family Integrated Care (FICare) model, parents are being encouraged to participated in the nursing of premature infants in NICU, and FICare has been internationally recongnized as a measure to strengthen parenting. This paper will introduce the origin and progress of FICare model at home and abroad, and to provide evidence for further application of FICare model in China.

The comprehensive process management model of in vitro insemination and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) for female patients was established. The satisfaction score was significantly different between the patients with comprehensive process management and those without comprehensive process management. The comprehensive process management mode can improve the patients' satisfaction. It can improve working efficiency of medical staff, and promote the standardization and systematization of IVF-ET patient management.

Objective: To explore the effects of peer support on mentality and quality of life among liver transplant recipients. Methods: A total of 77 liver transplant recipients were chosen from May 2015 to August 2017, and randomly assigned into the control group of 38 liver transplant recipients with the usual care and the intervention group of 39 liver transplant recipients with the peer support intervention. The depression, anxiety and quality of life of liver transplant recipients were measured after 3 months. Results: The level of depression, anxiety and quality of life in intervention group were significantly better than those in control group (P<0.05). The depression , anxiety and quality of life among intervention group were significantly improved after the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusions: The peer support intervention can effectively improve the depression, anxiety and quality of life among liver transplant recipients.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of maternal voice on neonates' pain caused by venipuncture (including peripheral venipuncture and femoral venipuncture) in Neonate Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: We enrolled 62 neonates, randomized them into two groups (31 neonates in each group). The children in study group listened to a record of their mother's voice during venipuncture, while those in control group did not get these interventions. The Neonatal Infant Acute Pain Assessment Scale (NIAPAS) was used to evaluate the infants' pain level before, during and after the procedure. Results: Neonates in the study group had significantly lower NIAPAS scores, behavioral and physiological scores than those of infants in the control group before and during the procedure (P<0.05). Neonates in the treatment group had significantly lower NIAPAS scores and behavioral scores after the procedure (P<0.05). Conclusion: The maternal voice could relieve neonates' pain caused by venipuncture in NICU.

This article introduces the research progress in diabetic multimorbidity management from three aspects: the related concepts, the influencing factors and the management model, in order to provide reference for the development of diabetic multimorbidity management in China.

Objective: To investigate the status of disaster preparedness of emergency nurses in tertiary grade A hospitals in Zhejiang province, and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 360 emergency nurses in 8 hospitals were enrolled in an internet survey with the Chinese version of Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool. Results: The mean score of disaster preparedness of emergency nurses was 170.82±36.92, which was at a middle level. Among the three subscales, from high to low, the scores were disaster knowledge, disaster management and disaster skills. Experience about disaster, training on rescue and disaster, age and professional title were influencing factors of disaster preparedness. Conclusion: Disaster preparedness of emergency nurses need to be improved, and disaster nursing training need to be strengthened.

Objective: To investigate the reproductive concerns and family functions of female cancer patients at childbearing age, and analyze the influencing factors of their reproductive concerns. Methods: By using convenience sampling method, 256 patients were enrolled from two tertiary grade A hospitals in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province between August 2017 and January 2018. Reproductive Concerns After Cancer (RCAC) and Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II (FACES II) were used to collect data. Results: The score of reproductive concerns was (56.58±6.52). The scores of family real cohesion, ideal cohesion and dissatisfaction of coherence were all higher than norms (P<0.05). The scores of family real adaptation and ideal adaptation had no significant difference with norms (P>0.05), and the score of dissatisfaction of adaptation was higher than norms (P<0.05). The results of regression analysis showed that the number of children, balanced family, intermediate family, gynecologic malignant tumor and fertility intention would influence their reproductive concerns, which could explain 41.1% of the total variation. Conclusion: Health care professionals should pay attention to the reproductive concerns of female cancer patients at childbearing age, provide professional information to support them, and take appropriate measures to reduce their passive emotions and improve their quality of life.

Delirium is a common cognitive dysfunction syndrome in ICU patients with high incidence, and it also can lead to a series of short-term and long-term adverse outcomes. This paper reviews the ABCDEF bundles from the perspective of intervention methods, clinical effects and unique role of nurses in the prevention and treatment of ICU delirium, and to provide reference for the prevention and management of ICU delirium.