Abstract: Objective: To apply the best evidence of children's peripheral venous blood specimen collection to clinical practice. Methods: From December 2020 to March 2021, based on the standard procedure of the continuous quality improvement model of evidence from the Fudan University Evidence-Based Nursing Center, we applied the best evidence of peripheral venous blood specimen collection to the clinical practice. A total of 26 nurses, 208 and 289 children from the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of a third-level children's hospital in Beijing were recruited. The quality was evaluated by the qualification rate blood samples. The effects were examined by investigating the knowledge of nurses about best evidence and their compliance with the best evidence before and after the application of the evidence. Results: After the evidence application, nurses' awareness of 5 indicators including the timing of children's fisting, fixation by two persons and positioning, usage of cuffs, and the order of blood specimen collection, was increased. The compliance with five aspects including identity confirmation, hand hygiene, usage of cuffs, order of blood specimen collection, and wearing the disposable gloves, was also improved. The qualification rate of blood samples was increased. All these differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). There were no significant differences regarding the success rate of blood sampling collection (P>0.05). Conclusion: The application of the best evidence for peripheral venous blood specimens collection in children can increase nurses' awareness and compliance with evidence-related knowledge, improve the quality of clinical care, and increase the qualification rate of blood specimens. The study provides a reliable basis for diagnosis and treatment of children. The evidence application does not affect the success rate of puncture and can decrease the suffering of patients.

Key words: children; blood samples; evidence-based nursing practice; quality improvement