关键词: 目的：比较老年与中青年维持性血液透析患者一年内跌倒发生率及影响因素差异。方法：采用横断面调查及便利抽样法，抽取江苏省13所综合医院血液净化中心维持性血液透析患者共1?230例，进行一年内跌倒发生率及影响因素调查。结果：65岁及以上老年患者349例，18～64岁中青年患者881例，老年与中青年维持性血液透析患者一年内跌倒发生率分别为23.2%和10.7%。老年患者跌倒独立影响因素为平衡与步态能力低下、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、视力或听力受损；中青年为透析龄、继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、透析中低血压、慢性疼痛、使用辅助器械。结论：老年维持性血液透析患者跌倒发生率明显高于中青年患者。中青年维持性血液透析患者跌倒独立影响因素更多且与透析关联更为密切，继发性甲旁亢是两组患者共同的独立影响因素。

Abstract: Objective: To compare the incidence rate and influencing factors of falls between elderly and middle-young maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional interview-based survey to determine one-year fall incidence rate and fall characteristics in 1230 dialysis patients from thirteen public hospitals in Jiangsu Province by using convenience sampling. Results: Among the 1230 patients, there were 349 patients aged 65 years or above, and 881 patients aged under 65 years of age. The fall incidence rate among elderly maintenance dialysis patients and middle-young patients were 23.2% and 10.7%, respectively. Whether having poor balance and gait, secondary hyperparathyroidism and poor eyesight or hearing were identified as independent fall-related factors among elderly maintenance dialysis patients. Duration of dialysis, whether having secondary hyperparathyroidism, chronic pain, intradialytic hypotension, whether using auxiliary equipment were identified as independent fall-related factors among middle-young maintenance dialysis patients. Conclusion: The fall incidence rate among elderly dialysis patients is much higher than that of middle-young patients. There are more independent fall-related factors in middle-young maintenance hemodialysis patients and they are more closely related to dialysis. The shared independent fall-related factor between two groups is whether having secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Key words: hemodialysis; fall; incidence rate; influencing factors