Abstract: The scientific allocation and effective management of nursing human resource in the operating room serve as core elements for ensuring surgical safety and efficiency, yet they face significant challenges due to dynamically changing supply and demand and the interaction of multiple factors. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of nursing human resource allocation models in the operating room, covering the development from classical methods such as linear programming to the application of intelligent algorithms. It focuses on analyzing key influencing factors, including staff competency, environmental processes, and management mechanisms, and delves into practical challenges such as the global nursing staff shortage and imbalanced resource distribution. Additionally, it examines innovative practices in technology empowerment and management models, while outlining future research directions.

Key words: operating room nursing; human resource allocation; optimization model; management model innovation; informatized management