Objective: To apply the WHO Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) and validate its applicability for operating room nursing staffing in China, providing a reference for nursing human resource evaluation in China. Methods: Using operating rooms from two tertiary general hospitals and two tertiary specialty hospitals in Beijing as data collection units, we collected required data from WISN, calculated and analyzed it using the WISN software tool. Based on the actual number of staff in the operating rooms of sample medical institutions, the results calculated by the WISN were verified by applying the number of staff configured according to the traditional bed-to-nurse ratio of 1:3 and converting the actual overtime hours into equivalent staff numbers. Results: The staffing demand derived from WISN analysis showed an error rate of 0.7% to 2.9% compared with actual workforce conditions. The WISN demand gap ranged from -19 to +3 nurses, while overtime hours conversion revealed a demand difference of -18 to +2 nurses. The stress ratio between the three hospitals was <1. Conclusion: WISN is suitable for Chinese operating room nursing specialties, accurately reflecting staffing needs and nurse workloads, providing managers with more objective and clinically relevant surgical nursing human resource allocation plans.

Objective: To investigate the current status of operating room nursing staff allocation and workload across China, providing a basis for optimizing operating room nursing resource allocation and improving care quality. Methods: Using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, we selected 94 hospitals from 27 provinces across 7 geographic regions. Questionnaires were administered to 4259 operating room nurses, with workload assessed using the NASA Task Load Index, and categorized using latent profile analysis. Results: The bed-to-nurse ratio in tertiary hospital operating rooms was 1:2.81, while in secondary hospitals it was 1:2.47. Significant differences in workload were observed among nurses based on gender, professional title, position, and specialty qualifications (P<0.05). Latent profile analysis categorized nurses' workload into three dimensions: balanced load type (6.08%), frustration-dominated load type (30.22%) and high-level load type (63.70%). Conclusion: China's operating room nursing workforce faces systemic staffing shortages, with nurses experiencing consistently high workloads that vary significantly different. Most practitioners endure physically and mentally demanding work conditions. To safeguard both healthcare professionals' well-being and patient safety, it is recommended to develop tailored staffing strategies and workload management approaches that address the specific characteristics of this occupational group.

Objective: To analyze the application effects of parallel operating rooms assisted by AI technology in nursing human resource allocation, to provide data support for improving the efficiency and quality of nursing human management in operating rooms. Methods: We selected 230 nurses working in the operating room in a tertiary grade A general hospital in Shenyang by purposive sampling method. From January to June 2024, the traditional human resource management was adopted; from January to June 2025, a management method for parallel operating rooms assisted by AI technology was implemented, with interventions carried out through modules such as intelligent scheduling, performance management, and skills training. Indicators compared before and after implementing parallel operating rooms included the nursing human resource utilization rate, surgery coordination completion rate, operating room operational efficiency, surgical response time, patients' waiting time before entering the operating room, nursing staff training outcomes and nursing staff satisfaction. Results: It demonstrated significant improvements in the nursing human resource utilization rate, surgery coordination completion rate, operating room operational efficiency, nursing staff practical skills, theoretical knowledge scores and their satisfaction after implementing parallel operating rooms; the surgical response time and patients' waiting time before entering the operating room were also significantly shortened, all showing statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The parallel operating room assisted by AI technology can significantly enhance the efficiency and quality of nursing human resource management in the operating room, optimize the allocation of human resources, and improve the overall effectiveness of nursing human resource management in this setting.

The scientific allocation and effective management of nursing human resource in the operating room serve as core elements for ensuring surgical safety and efficiency, yet they face significant challenges due to dynamically changing supply and demand and the interaction of multiple factors. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of nursing human resource allocation models in the operating room, covering the development from classical methods such as linear programming to the application of intelligent algorithms. It focuses on analyzing key influencing factors, including staff competency, environmental processes, and management mechanisms, and delves into practical challenges such as the global nursing staff shortage and imbalanced resource distribution. Additionally, it examines innovative practices in technology empowerment and management models, while outlining future research directions.

As medical technologies advance and multi-campus hospitals expand, the Operating Room (OR) nursing workforce faces persistent challenges of limited headcount, skill-mix imbalance, and mismatch of competency and role. Framed by the dual constraints of cost and quality, this paper reviews nursing human resource optimized allocation in operating rooms, model construction and application of scientific scheduling, linkage between nursing manpower pool dispatch and scientific scheduling under the background of multi-campus hospital, with the aim of providing theoretical reference and practical insights for optimizing OR nursing human resource allocation in China.

Objective: To classify the developmental trajectory of Fear of Progression (FoP) after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease and to identify the influencing factors, providing a reference for healthcare professionals to develop effective intervention strategies. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 258 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent PCI in the cardiology department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Binzhou from April to December 2024. The Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) was employed to assess the FoP of the participants on the second day after surgery and at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after discharge. The latent growth mixture modeling and unordered multinomial Logistic regression were utilized for data analysis. Results: Three trajectories of FoP after PCI in patients with coronary artery disease were identified: a high fear of rising then falling group (31.0%), a medium fear of slow decline group (45.7%), and a low fear of stabilization group (23.3%), respectively. Occupational status, family history of coronary artery disease, mode of intervention, social support, and disease perception were influential factors for the potential categories of FoP trajectory after PCI in patients with coronary artery disease (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Heterogeneity exists in the developmental trajectory of FoP after PCI in patients with coronary artery disease. Healthcare professionals need to develop targeted interventions based on the influencing factors of different categories to reduce patients' FoP levels.

Objective: To develop an interventional programme to enhance death preparedness in patients with advanced cancer and to conduct an initial evaluation of its effectiveness, in order to provide a basis for improving the quality of hospice care. Methods: Based on the Outlook Intervention Theory Framework, an interventional programme for death preparedness in advanced cancer patients was developed using literature analysis, semi-structured interviews, and the Delphi method. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 30 patients from the oncology department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Wuhan, from November 2024 to April 2025. The patients were randomly assigned to the control group and the experimental group according to the random number table method. Patients in the control group received routine health education, while patients in the experimental group received an end-of-life readiness intervention on the basis of the routine health education. The two groups were compared in terms of death preparedness, sense of meaning in life, and quality of life scores. Results: The interventional programme consisted of four parts: life story review, forgiveness and relief, legacy and farewell, and confronting the meaning of death. After the intervention, the scores of death preparedness, sense of meaning in life, and quality of life of patients in the experimental group were 82.84±12.61, 44.89±5.78, and 80.56±12.18, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (69.87±10.42, 39.41±5.34, 70.45±10.46) (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of death preparedness interventional programme for patients with advanced cancer helps to improve their level of death preparedness, optimize end-of-life care services, and thereby enhance the quality of hospice care.

Objective: To explore the potential classification characteristics and influencing factors of fatigue in patients with chronic liver failure, providing a basis for developing personalized nursing interventions. Methods: Using convenience sampling, 262 patients with chronic liver failure admitted to a tertiary grade A hospital in Jiangsu province from January to December 2024 were recruited. Assessments were conducted using the General Information Questionnaire, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Distress Disclosure Index (DDI), and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002). Latent profile analysis was employed to classify fatigue types, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors. Results: Patient fatigue could be categorized into three groups: low fatigue (29.01%), high physical fatigue with reduced activity (30.53%), and decreased motivation with high mental fatigue (40.46%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, sleep quality, anxiety level, depression level, social support, distress disclosure, and nutritional risk were the main factors influencing fatigue classification. Conclusion: Fatigue in chronic liver failure patients exhibits heterogeneity and can be classified into three distinct characteristic groups. Clinical nursing interventions should be tailored according to patients' specific characteristics.

Objective: To identify distinct latent classes and potential predictors of chronic pain trajectories following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), to provide a basis for formulating individualized intervention strategies. Methods: Patients undergoing TKA were recruited via convenience sampling from a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai from May to December 2020. The knee pain was assessed using Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score at admission, and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Latent profile mixed models and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify pain trajectories and their predictors. Results: A total of 336 patients who underwent TKA were included. Four distinct chronic pain trajectories were identified: moderate-to-severe pain with low improvement (5.4%); moderate-to-severe pain with high improvement (11.9%); moderate-to-severe pain with moderate improvement (80.7%); mild pain with no change (2.1%). Gender, preoperative Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire score, postoperative widespread pain, postoperative acute pain, and preoperative pain catastrophizing score were predictors of trajectories membership (P<0.05). Conclusion: Chronic postsurgical pain trajectories following TKA exhibit significant heterogeneity. The identified predictors can assist healthcare providers in early identification of high-risk patients and enable personalized interventions.

Objective: To explore the differences and influencing factors of the development trajectories of self-efficacy among elderly patients with fragile fractures based on the latent growth mixture model. Methods: A total of 266 elderly patients with fragile fractures who received treatment in a hospital in Jiangxi province from March 2021 to March 2024 were recruited using convenience sampling. The Osteoporosis Self-efficacy Scale was used to assess the patients' self-efficacy level before treatment and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after treatment. The latent growth mixture model was applied to identify the optimal number of trajectory categories and characterize the classes. Multinomial Logistic regression were used to identify the independent influencing factors of trajectory differences. Results: The development trajectories of self-efficacy was divided into 4 categories: 36 cases (13.53%) in the low efficacy-maintaining type, 87 cases (32.71%) in the low efficacy-improving type, 78 cases (29.32%) in the moderate efficacy-improving type, and 65 cases (24.44%) in the high efficacy-improving type. Age, educational level, income, fracture site, treatment method, use of anti-osteoporosis drugs, cognitive function, depression, anxiety, and social support level were all independent influencing factors for the differences in self-efficacy development trajectories (P<0.05). Conclusion: There is certain heterogeneity in the development trajectories of self-efficacy among elderly patients with fragile fractures. Medical staff should formulate personalized nursing measures based on the influencing factors to ensure the improvement of patients' self-efficacy.

Objective: To develop a questionnaire on self-care health belief for patients with lymphedema, and to test its reliability and validity, in order to provide an effective tool for clinical nurses to evaluate the level of self-care health beliefs in patients with lymphedema. Methods: Based on the Health Belief Model, combined with relevant literature and guidelines at home and abroad, an initial questionnaire was formed through expert consultation and pre-survey. A total of 151 patients with lymphedema from a tertiary grade A hospital in Beijing were selected for investigation by convenient sampling to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire in July, 2021. Results: The final questionnaire contained 26 items which can be categorized into 6 dimensions. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.923, the half-folded reliability was 0.878, the test-retest reliability was 0.931, the content validity index was 0.925, and the content validity index of each item ranged from 0.830 to 1.000. Conclusion: This questionnaire has good reliability and validity to evaluate the self-care health beliefs of patients with lymphedema, so as to provide a reference for management plans for those patients in the future.

Objective: To develop an intelligent decision support system for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing and evaluate its application effect, so as to provide a reference for the intelligent development of TCM nursing. Methods: Based on the Clinical Nursing Information System, a knowledge base for TCM nursing was developed, which included 5 modules: nursing assessment, syndrome identification and typing, syndrome-based nursing care, efficacy evaluation and data analysis. Comparisons were made before and after system implementation regarding TCM nursing efficacy evaluation, satisfaction with the implementation of TCM nursing programs, quality management, nursing documentation time, and nurse satisfaction with the user experience. Results: After the application of the system, both TCM nursing efficacy and satisfaction with the implementation of TCM nursing program were significantly improved (P<0.001); the quality management was improved (all P<0.001); nursing documentation time was significantly reduced (P<0.001); nurse satisfaction with the user experience was significantly improved (P<0.001). Conclusion: The knowledge base-based intelligent decision support system for TCM nursing can improve the efficacy of TCM nursing and documentation quality, reduce recording time, and gain recognition from nurses, demonstrating good application value.

Objective: To develop a comprehensive care program for premature infants and evaluate its effect, and provide a reference for the home care of premature infants. Methods: The comprehensive care program for premature infants was developed based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills model through literature review, semi-structured interviews, and the Delphi method. A total of 131 premature infants admitted to the NICU pre-discharge unit of a tertiary grade A hospital in Qingdao from October 2023 to May 2024 and its primary caregivers were selected as participants by convenience sampling. They were divided into an intervention group (n=66) and a control group (n=65) based on admission time. The control group received routine care and follow-up, while the intervention group implemented the comprehensive care program. The growth and development of premature infants, exclusive breastfeeding rates, as well as main caregivers' caregiving ability, parenting sense of competence etc. at the time of discharge, 1 month after discharge, and 3 months after discharge were compared between the two groups. Results: The results of the Generalized Estimating Equations showed that the growth trends of body weight of the intervention group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). At 1 month and 3 months after discharge, the exclusive breastfeeding rate of premature infants in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the caregiving ability, parenting competence and satisfaction on care of primary caregivers in the intervention group were also higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of comprehensive care program can improve the growth and development of premature infants, enhance parents' home caregiving ability and parenting sense of competence, and improve nursing satisfaction.

Objective: To design an asthma health education board game, explore its application effect on school-age children with asthma, and provide a reference for improving the disease management effect of these children. Methods: Based on literature review, an asthma health education board game was designed using "Snakes and Ladders" as the framework. A total of 68 school-age children with asthma from the pediatric outpatient department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Huai'an from February to June 2024 were conveniently selected and randomly divided into an intervention group (n=34) and a control group (n=34). The control group received routine health education (once weekly for 8 weeks), while the intervention group received an additional weekly board game intervention. The intervention effects were evaluated through a disease knowledge questionnaire, the Asthma Medication Adherence Scale, and the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT), and a satisfaction survey was conducted. Results: After the intervention, the disease knowledge score of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). Four months after the intervention, the medication adherence (4.66±0.34) and C-ACT score (25.02±1.88) of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (3.78±0.38 and 22.25±2.12 respectively), with statistically significant differences (P<0.001). The overall satisfaction rates of the children and parents in the intervention group with the game were 89.2% and 94.1% respectively. Conclusion: The asthma health education board game can effectively improve the disease knowledge, medication adherence, and asthma control levels in school-aged children with asthma, demonstrating high acceptability and practicality.

Objective: To develop a discharge preparation service program for patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and evaluate its clinical effects, so as to provide a reference for improving post-discharge nursing quality. Methods: Through literature analysis and team discussion, a discharge preparation service program for patients after PCI was developed based on the Transition Theory. A total of 60 Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) patients after PCI admitted to the cardiology ward of a tertiary general hospital in Shanghai from January to August 2023 were conveniently selected and were divided into a control group (n=30) and an intervention group (n=30) according to the hospitalization dates. The control group received routine post-PCI management for AMI, while the intervention group received the discharge preparation service program. Results: The program comprised four phases: post-admission, during hospitalization, pre-discharge, and post-discharge, with 31 specific items. The intervention group demonstrated significantly higher scores in the discharge readiness scale (155.07±10.83) and discharge guidance quality scale (187.26±10.47) compared to the control group (141.13±10.42 and 170.12±9.59 respectively; P<0.05), and the team's theoretical knowledge and practical competencies were improved (both P<0.05). Conclusion: The developed discharge preparation service program can effectively improve the discharge readiness and the quality of discharge guidance for AMI patients after PCI, and enhances the professional capability of the team.

Objective: To explore the application effects of Hospital-to-Home (H2H) nutrition management based on the Nutrition Care Process Model (NCPM) in patients with pancreatic cancer, and to provide reference for the continuous nutrition management during hospitalization and at home for pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: A total of 143 pancreatic cancer patients in a tertiary grade A hospital in Wuhan were recruited through convenience sampling from March to September 2024 and randomly divided into an intervention group of 71 cases and a control group of 72 cases. The control group received conventional nutrition management, while the intervention group received H2H nutrition management based on the NCPM model. The nutritional indicators, compliance rate of Oral Nutritional Supplementation (ONS), hospitalization time, and quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results: After 3 months of discharge, the NRS 2002 score and PG-SGA score of the intervention group were (2.77±0.68) points and (3.75±0.92) points respectively, both lower than those of the control group (3.12±0.74) points and (4.59±1.14) points (P<0.05); the serum albumin, prealbumin, transferrin levels, and BMI of the intervention group were all higher than those of the control group (P<0.05); the ONS compliance rate of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group (92.96% vs 80.56%, P<0.05); the hospitalization time of the intervention group was shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05); the EORTC QLQ-C30 score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The H2H nutrition management based on the NCPM model can improve the nutritional status and the quality of life of pancreatic cancer patients.

Objective: To develop an exercise intervention program for community-dwelling pre-frail older adults with diabetes, and to provide a reference for improving the frailty status of this population. Methods: The Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model was used as the theoretical foundation, and the exercise intervention program for community-dwelling pre-frail older adults with diabetes was initially constructed based on searching the relevant domestic and international literature and summarizing the evidence. The program was revised through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation to form the final intervention program from March to April 2024. Results: A total of 15 experts participated in the two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and the effective recovery rates of the questionnaires were 100.0% and 88.2%, respectively. The two rounds of expert authority coefficients were 0.841 and 0.847, respectively. The Kendall’ s harmony coefficients were 0.302 and 0.363, respectively (P<0.001). The mean value of importance of items ranged from 4.33 to 5.00 points. Finally, an exercise intervention program was formed, including 11 first-level items and 14 second-level items. Conclusion: The exercise intervention program for community-dwelling pre-frail older adults with diabetes is scientific, reasonable and operable, and can provide references for the implementation of exercise intervention for this population.

Objective: To investigate the current status of intravenous vascular access use and management in emergency departments of tertiary grade A hospitals in Beijing, analyze existing problems, and provide evidence for promoting professional and standardized management of intravenous therapy. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among nursing administrators or leaders of intravenous therapy teams in the emergency departments of 31 tertiary hospitals in Beijing in November 2024. A self-designed questionnaire was used, which included general information about the emergency department, the use, evaluation, and selection of vascular access, routine maintenance, and quality management. Results: All 31 emergency departments used peripheral venous indwelling needles, 14 emergency departments still used infusion steel needles, and 19 emergency departments adopted visualization technology for venous access placement; 25 emergency departments assessed patients' preferences for infusion tool selection, and 16 emergency departments chose venous indwelling needles when infusing vasoactive drugs; 24 emergency departments had IV therapy quality evaluation standards, and 4 emergency departments had IV therapy information management systems. Conclusion: Emergency departments have a variety of IV therapy tools and relatively comprehensive venous access assessment, but the standardization of IV therapy for vasoactive drug infusion needs to be strengthened.

Objective: To optimize the existing emergency green channel rescue process for acute ischemic stroke patients, aiming to shorten the Door-to-Needle Time (DNT). Methods: Causes of in-hospital delay in patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis were analyzed, and the emergency green channel rescue process was optimized through informatization. Using convenience sampling method, 52 patients who received intravenous thrombolysis at a tertiary grade A hospital in Beijing between November 2023 and February 2024 were selected as the control group (receiving the pre-optimization process), while 50 patients who received intravenous thrombolysis between April and June 2024 were selected as the intervention group (receiving the post-optimization process). The time for each key link, and DNT compliance rates were compared between the two groups. Results: Optimization strategies for key aspects of in-hospital emergency care were developed and process optimization was completed. After optimization, the intervention group showed significant reductions in the time from door to completion of CT/MRI, the time from door to signing informed consent, the time from completion of CT/MRI to signing informed consent and DNT compared to the control group (all P<0.05). The compliance rate for DNT 60 minutes improved from 84.62% to 98.00% (P<0.05), and the compliance rate for DNT45 minutes improved from 28.85% to 56.00% (P<0.05). Conclusion: The optimization of the in-hospital emergency care process for acute ischemic stroke patients has yielded evident effects, with a significant reduction in DNT and the time spent on some key links, as well as a notable increase in DNT compliance rate, thereby saving valuable treatment time for patients.

Objective: To systematically integrate the related factors of medication adherence in patients with osteoporosis, and to provide a basis for developing clinical interventions. Methods: Qualitative studies on medication adherence in patients with osteoporosis were retrieved from Chinese and English databases from inception to June 2, 2025. The quality of the included literature was evaluated and integrated. Results: A total of 11 studies were included. Forty-six findings were extracted and summarized into 13 categories. These were synthesized into promoting factors (perception of disease threat, active coping strategies, doctor-patient trust, family support, and preferences of patients) and hindering factors (insufficient disease awareness, medication beliefs, poor doctor-patient communication, fear of drug side effects, efficacy cognitive bias, competing priorities, daily life interference, and inadequate follow-up and environmental barriers). Conclusion: Multiple factors influence the medication adherence in patients with osteoporosis. It is recommended that medical staff should pay attention to patients' inner experiences and needs when formulating treatment plans, and enhance support systems, so as to improve patients' medication adherence.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth)-based remote interventions in improving fatigue in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and to provide evidence for fatigue management in this population. Methods: We systematically searched Chinese and English databases from inception to August 29, 2025. Two researchers independently screened studies and assessed their quality. Meta-analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 18 software. Results: Ten studies involving 761 MS patients (371 in intervention groups, 390 in control groups) were included. The Meta-analysis demonstrated that mHealth-based remote interventions yielded significantly greater immediate improvements in fatigue severity [SMD=-1.02, 95%CI(-1.92, -0.13)] and fatigue impact [SMD=-0.88, 95% CI (-1.62, -0.15)] compared to controls. Further subgroup analyses revealed that remote interventions with a duration of ≤12 weeks exerted a more pronounced immediate improvement effect on both fatigue severity [SMD=-0.59, 95%CI (-1.12, -0.06)] and fatigue impact [SMD= -0.77, 95%CI (-1.34, -0.20)] compared with the control group; Remote interventions delivered via group video conferencing demonstrated a superior immediate improvement effect on fatigue impact compared with the control group [SMD= -0.53, 95% CI (-0.93, -0.13)]. However, no statistically significant long-term effects were observed for either fatigue severity [MD=-0.21, 95% CI (-0.46, 0.05)] or fatigue impact [MD=-6.17, 95% CI (-12.48, 0.14)]. Conclusion: mHealth-based remote interventions can provide immediate relief for MS-related fatigue severity and impact. Future studies should incorporate longer follow-up assessments to enhance understanding of long-term fatigue management in MS patients.

Objective: To summarize current evidence on the non-pharmacological strategies aimed at reducing the incidence and symptoms of gout, so as to provide evidence-based practice basis for clinical guidance of nursing care for gout patients. Methods: A systematic search of Chinese and English databases was conducted for clinical decisions, guidelines, expert consensus and evidence summaries related to gout prevention and management. The search covered all literature published from the inception of databases up to July 1, 2025. Independent reviewers assessed the quality of the included studies, extracted and classified the evidence. Results: A total of 19 studies were included, compromising 15 guidelines and 4 expert consensus articles. Thirty-two pieces of evidence were ultimately synthesized and categorized into five domains: dietary management, physical activity, weight control, traditional Chinese medicine-based non-pharmacological intervention and health education. Conclusion: The evidence summarized in this study regarding non-pharmacological management of gout is both scientifically rigorous and clinically applicable. It provides a valuable foundation for healthcare professionals to implement evidence-based health education and interventions for patients with gout.

Objective: To retrieve, evaluate and summarize the evidence for oral hygiene promotion strategies during chemoradiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer, and to provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods: Using the "5S" evidence hierarchy pyramid, a systematic search was conducted in both domestic and international professional websites and databases for evidence related to strategies promoting oral hygiene in patients with head and neck cancer during radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The search covered literature from database inception to June 30, 2025. After quality appraisal and data extraction, the evidence was synthesized. Results: Seventeen articles were enrolled, consisting of ?2 clinical decisions, 3 guidelines, 4 expert consensus, 4 evidence summaries, and 4 systematic reviews. Sixteen pieces of evidence were summarized covering five aspects: forming multidisciplinary oral care team, teeth and gum cleaning, mouthwash selection and use, oral hygiene education and follow-up management. Conclusion: The synthesized evidence on oral hygiene promotion strategies for patients with head and neck cancer during chemoradiotherapy is scientific and practical, offering an evidence-based reference for personalized oral hygiene guidance by healthcare professionals.

Objective: To construct sensitive indicators for nursing quality in the Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit (AICU), and to provide a basis for evaluating the nursing quality in the AICU. Methods: Initial sensitive indicators for AICU nursing quality were established through literature review and panel discussions. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultation from August to September 2024 were used to screen and refine the indicators, ultimately determining the final sensitive indicators for AICU nursing quality. Data on hospital indicators for the AICU of a tertiary grade A hospital in Nanjing from October to December 2024 were collected to verify the feasibility of the data collection. Results: The AICU nursing quality sensitive indicators were determined, including 1 structural indicator, 5 process indicators, and 3 outcome indicators. The effective return rate of the questionnaires was 100%, and the authority coefficients were 0.936 and 0.942 respectively. The Kendall’s W coefficients were 0.212 and 0.207 respectively (P<0.05). The numerator and denominator data of all 9 AICU nursing quality sensitive indicators of the tertiary grade A hospital were successfully collected. Conclusion: The constructed AICU nursing quality sensitive indicators demonstrate reasonable reliability and reflect the specialized characteristics of AICU nursing quality.

Objective: To review the application of evidence for prevention of Oral Mucosal Pressure Injury (OMPI) in patients with orotracheal intubation, analyze the obstacles and promoting factors, to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods: Based on the JBI evidence-based health care model as the theoretical framework, the evidence introduced into clinical practice was determined, the review indicators were constructed, the obstacles and promoting factors of evidence application were analyzed, and the change strategies were formulated. Results: A total of 21 review indicators were developed. However, the implementation rate of 11 indicators was less than 60%, and the implementation rate of 4 indicators was 0. The main obstacles in evidence-based practice included the lack of assessment tools for OMPI risk insufficient prevention procedures, nurses' shortage of relevant knowledge, and inadequate equipment in the department, etc. As to the promotion factors, there were the strong management support and nurses' active participation in the process, according to which the corresponding strategies for change were formulated. Conclusion: The review indicators developed in this study based on the evidence are scientific, comprehensive, and operable. Yet there is still a big gap between the evidence and clinical practice for the prevention of OMPI in patients with orotracheal intubation. Clinical strategies for change can be implemented according to the obstacles and promoting factors to enhance the transformation of the evidence into clinical practice.

Objective: To establish a scientific evaluation system for in-hospital nursing consultation, thus providing a reference for medical institutions to conduct quality management of nursing consultations. Methods: Based on the Donabedian three-dimensional quality model, we preliminarily formulated the framework of the evaluation system using literature analysis and panel discussion. The Delphi expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process were then employed for indicator screening and weight determination. Results: The effective response rates of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires were 100.00% and 94.74%, respectively with the expert authority coefficients being 0.942 and 0.929, and Kendall's harmony coefficients being 0.148 and 0.223 (P<0.05). The final evaluation system consisted of 3 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 39 third-level indicators. Conclusion: The evaluation system for in-hospital nursing consultation constructed in this study demonstrates good scientific validity and reliability to serve as an objective, quantitative evaluation tool to standardize nursing consultation practices and improve the consultation quality.

Children with malignant tumors experience a series of symptoms during chemotherapy, which seriously affect their quality of life. The management of symptom clusters can effectively alleviate their symptom burden and improve their prognosis. This article reviews the definition, research status, assessment tools, influencing factors, and nursing interventions of chemotherapy symptom clusters in children with malignant tumors, providing a reference for formulation of targeted clinical intervention plans and improvement of the quality and efficiency of symptom management.

As an emerging collection of exercise intervention resources, the exercise intervention toolkit is characterized by comprehensive contents, flexibility, and efficacy, which remarkably enhances the quality and efficiency of clinical nursing practice. This article reviews the components, development principles, theoretical frameworks, and application contexts of the exercise intervention toolkit. It is hoped to offer references for the development of exercise intervention toolkits in clinical nursing practice in China.

The scenario of cardiac rehabilitation is shifting from hospitals to homes. As the core technology enabling this transition, remote home monitoring tools are being increasingly applied in clinical practice. This article reviews the main types, application status, advantages, and limitations of remote home monitoring tools for cardiac rehabilitation. It also conducts an in-depth analysis of their role in improving patients' clinical prognosis, enhancing rehabilitation compliance, and reducing medical costs. The purpose is to provide a basis for selecting appropriate monitoring tools and formulating individualized management plans for patients undergoing remote home-based cardiac rehabilitation.