Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effects of six different oral care methods on the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis after chemotherapy in children with cancer, and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis after chemotherapy and to improve the long-term quality of life of children with cancer. Methods: Randomized controlled trials on the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis after chemotherapy in children with cancer were searched in Chinese and English databases from the time of establishment to May 31, 2023, and were independently searched and data extracted by two researchers. Network Meta-analysis was performed using ADDIS1.16.1 software. Results: A total of 21 articles were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that chlorhexidine solution was the best choice to reduce the incidence of oral mucositis after chemotherapy in children with cancer. Low-dose laser therapy has the best effect on reducing the incidence of oral mucositis, the incidence of severe oral mucositis and the healing time of oral mucositis after chemotherapy in children with cancer. Honey is the most effective in shortening the healing time of oral mucositis after chemotherapy in children with cancer. Conclusion: Different oral care methods have their own advantages in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis. In clinical practice, it is necessary to select the prevention and treatment plan according to the different stages of oral mucositis after chemotherapy in children with cancer, so as to effectively prevent and quickly cure the oral mucositis.

Key words: cancer; children; chemotherapy; oral mucositis; network Meta-analysis