Objective: To examine the current status and trends of nursing human resource allocation in general hospitals in Gansu province and to forecast the number of registered nurses in the recent 3 years, providing evidence for optimizing regional nursing workforce allocation. Methods: Based on data from the Gansu Provincial Health Statistics Yearbook from 2017 to 2024 and raw nursing-sensitive quality indicator data reported by 97 general hospitals in Gansu province to the National Nursing Quality Data Platform in 2024, this study described the current status and temporal trends of nursing human resource allocation in general hospitals in Gansu province. A combined grey model, principal component analysis, and back-propagation neural network model was used to forecast the number of registered nurses in general hospitals in Gansu province from 2025 to 2027. Results: From 2017 to 2024, the number of registered nurses in general hospitals in Gansu province increased continuously, and the physician-nurse ratio, bed-nurse ratio, and health technician-nurse ratio improved overall. A total of 49 tertiary general hospitals and 48 secondary general hospitals were included in the analysis. Compared with secondary hospitals, tertiary hospitals had a higher bed-nurse ratio, a higher proportion of nurses with a bachelor's degree or above, a higher proportion of nurses with the title of supervisor nurse or above, and a lower nurse turnover rate. Significant differences were observed across cities/prefectures in the bed-nurse ratio, the proportion of nurses with a bachelor's degree or above, and the proportion of nurses with the title of supervisor nurse or above. The predicted numbers of registered nurses in general hospitals in Gansu province were 51,908 in 2025, 52,759 in 2026, and 53,486 in 2027. Conclusion: The supply of nursing human resources in general hospitals in Gansu province has continued to expand. However, disparities remain in both internal workforce structure and external distribution. The equity and suitability of nursing workforce allocation still need to be improved. Future efforts should focus on optimizing the nursing workforce structure, strengthening support for secondary hospitals and under-resourced areas, and improving the overall quality of nursing human resource allocation.

Objective: To analyze the structural characteristics and deficiencies of nursing human resource allocation in Jilin province, to provide evidence for the optimal allocation of nursing human resources during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. Methods: Public data were extracted from the 2021–2025 China Health Statistics Yearbooks and Jilin Statistical Yearbooks. Data from a survey of nursing human resources in medical institutions, organized through the provincial nursing quality-control system in 2021-2025, were also used. Descriptive analyses were conducted at the regional and institutional levels. Results: In 2024, the number of nurses per 10,000 population in various regions of Jilin Province ranged from 38.03 to 52.14. The number of beds per nurse was between 0.90 and 2.30, and the number of dischargedpatient cases per nurse ranged from 24.50 to 43.67. Among 212 medical institutions surveyed from 2021 to 2025, the proportion of nurses with a bachelor's degree or above increased from 47.62% to 56.72%, and the proportion with intermediate or senior professional titles increased from 30.48% to 42.11%. Median open beds increased from 255 (140, 536) to 283 (149, 537), whereas median ward nurses changed from 80 (40, 183) to 78 (38, 172), and the ward bed-to-nurse ratio changed from 1?:?0.32 to 1?:?0.30. Conclusion: Nursing human resources in Jilin province show structural differences in regional distribution and ward staffing relative to open beds. Alongside continued improvements in nurses' educational and professional-title composition, joint monitoring of nursing workforce and quality indicators should be strengthened, and staffing should be optimized according to service workload and nursing-care needs.

Objective: To analyze the coupling and coordination relationship between nursing human resource allocation and population aging levels in Beijing, as well as its spatiotemporal evolution, and provide a basis for the precise allocation of geriatric care resources. Methods: Based on the data from 16 districts in Beijing from 2015 to 2024, a two-system evaluation system of nursing human resource allocation and population aging levels was constructed, and the coupling coordination degree model, kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation, and spatiotemporal geographically weighted regression were used for analysis. Results: From 2015 to 2024, the average coupling coordination degree of the city increased from 0.423 to 0.542, with the coordination level improving from nearly disordered to barely coordinated. The kernel density curve shifted toward higher values, though regional disparities persisted. The global Moran's Index rose from 0.496 to 0.789, showing a significant positive correlation, with the central urban area forming high-high clustering, while Tongzhou district and Daxing district exhibited low-high outliers. Resident population density, per capita health expenditure budget, and urbanization rate all positively influenced the coupling coordination degree, whereas the proportion of non-local permanent residents had a negative impact. Conclusion: The coordination relationship between the two systems in Beijing generally improved, but inter-district disparities remain notable. Nursing human resource allocation should be guided by the demand for population aging care, with a focus on differentiated and dynamic adjustments, prioritizing the enhancement of primary care, geriatric care, and home-based nursing services in areas with low coordination and rapid population influx.

Objective: To investigate the matching status between nursing workforce supply and patients' care demands in primary medical institutions across Chongqing, and to analyze urban-rural disparities and relevant influencing factors, to provide a reference for optimizing the allocation of regional grass-roots nursing human resources. Methods: In May 2026, stratified cluster sampling was conducted. Primary medical institutions in Chongqing were stratified by institution type, and randomly selected using the institution as the cluster unit. Patients visiting during the survey period were consecutively recruited. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire and the Community Nursing Demand Scale for Patients with Chronic Diseases. The entropy weight method was adopted to assign weights and develop a nursing workforce supply index. A coupling coordination model and supply-demand matching index were applied to assess the balance between workforce supply and patient needs. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with the degree of supply-demand mismatch. Results: Valid data from 708 primary medical institutions and 984 patients were included. Nursing supply was significantly higher in urban primary facilities than in rural counterparts (P<0.001). Rural patients reported greater needs for disease management and health promotion (P<0.05). The supply-demand matching index stood at 0.253 for urban areas and 0.166 for rural areas, both indicating supply lag; coupling coordination degrees were 0.533 and 0.490, respectively, with rural regions on the verge of coordination imbalance. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that the presence of an independent nursing management department, having dedicated staff to manage nursing quality, the number of licensed nurses, and the number of nurses with intermediate professional titles were critical protective factors for narrowing the supply-demand deviation (all P<0.001). Conclusion: There exists a prominent urban-rural divide and an overall shortage of nursing workforce in primary medical institutions of Chongqing, with far more severe supply-demand conflicts in rural areas. Nursing management efficiency and workforce talent structure constitute core determinants of supply-demand matching. Targeted preferential policies differentiated by urban and rural contexts are recommended. Authorities should strengthen the construction of standardized nursing management systems and optimize the structure of nursing talent echelon.

Objective: To analyze the current status and equity of nursing human resource allocation in Jiangxi province, and to provide evidence for optimizing regional allocation of nursing resources. Methods: Based on the data from the China Health Statistics Yearbook and the Jiangxi Statistical Yearbook (2019–2024), this study employed descriptive analysis to examine the status of nursing human resource allocation in Jiangxi province from 2018 to 2023. The Gini coefficient was used to assess the overall equity of nursing human resource allocation, and the Theil index was further applied to decompose the overall disparity into between-group and within-group differences across three regions (northern, central, and southern Jiangxi). Results: The number of registered nurses in Jiangxi province increased from 110,828 in 2018 to 169,354 in 2023. However, the number of registered nurses per 1,000 population in 2023 was 3.75, which remained lower than the national average. The urban-rural disparity in nursing resources decreased from 2.96 nurses per 1,000 population in 2018 to 2.41 nurses per 1,000 population in 2023, but nursing resource supply in rural areas remained relatively inadequate. Equity analysis showed that the Gini coefficient for population-based allocation decreased from 0.12 in 2018 to 0.06 in 2023, indicating continuous improvement in equity, whereas the Gini coefficient for geographic area-based allocation declined from 0.27 to 0.23, suggesting persistent spatial disparities. The Theil index decomposition revealed that intra-regional disparities were the primary source of inequality in nursing resource allocation, with the intra-regional contribution accounting for 72.07% in 2023. Conclusion: The allocation of nursing human resources in Jiangxi province has improved, but challenges such as insufficient total supply and uneven distribution persist. Further efforts are needed to optimize the allocation structure and enhance nursing service capacity, particularly in primary and rural areas.

Objective: To systematically assess the stratified allocation status of nursing human resources in Tianjin and to project demand trends for the 15th Five-Year Plan period, thereby providing support for the rational development of regional nursing workforce planning. Methods: Based on the data such as the number of registered nurses and actual open beds in Tianjin from 2015 to 2025, the Grey Model, and supply-demand gap analysis were used to conduct stratified evaluations and quantify workforce shortages across tertiary hospitals, secondary hospitals, and primary healthcare facilities. Results: By the end of 2025, Tianjin had 54,700 registered nurses, with 3.99 registered nurses per 1,000 population and a physician-to-nurse ratio of 1?:?0.90. The nurse-to-bed ratio was 1?:?0.70 in tertiary hospitals (1?:?0.54 in tertiary Traditional Chinese Medicine institutions) and 1?:?0.57 in secondary hospitals. The physician-to-nurse ratio in primary healthcare facilities was 1?:?0.56. Based on national and Tianjin nursing development planning standards, the total stratified supply-demand gap in 2025 amounted to approximately 17,028 nurses, with primary institutions accounting for the largest share (43.11%). The Grey Model predicted that registered nurses would reach 71,211 in Tianjin by 2030, and the projected supply per 1,000 population would be 5.36 (C=0.103 and 0.120, all P=1.000, excellent accuracy). Conclusion: Tianjin faces both an overall shortage and structural imbalances in its nursing workforce, with particularly critical deficits in tertiary Traditional Chinese Medicine institutions and primary healthcare facilities. We recommend implementing tiered precision allocation strategies, with priority given to strengthening the primary care nursing workforce, and ensuring dynamic matching between nursing manpower and residents' health needs.

Objective: To identify factors restricting operating room nursing quality in secondary hospitals and to assess nurses' training needs, thereby providing a reference for the development of quality improvement and training strategies. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study design was utilized. Using purposive sampling, 14 operating room nurses from 10 secondary hospitals in Guangdong province were selected for semi-structured interviews from June to November 2025. Traditional content analysis was conducted using NVivo 15 software to extract themes from the interview data. Results: Three major themes and eight sub-themes affecting operating room nursing quality in secondary hospital were identified, including training system development (mentor-led teaching mode, assessment and evaluation criteria, specialized surgical training); nurses' patient safety competency (safety awareness, work attitude and responsibility, clinical practical ability); human resource operation status (human resource allocation, surgical workload). Nurses' training needs were explored across three dimensions, including instructional design, teaching resources, and teaching content. Conclusion: Multiple factors affect the nursing quality of operating room in secondary hospitals. Targeted strategies should be adopted to strengthen safety culture construction and optimize human resource allocation. Meanwhile, diversified training needs of nurses should be fully addressed to empower professional teaching, standardize clinical teaching and assessment criteria, and ultimately improve the overall quality of nursing services.

Objective: To analyze the developmental trajectory subtypes of fear of falling and their influencing factors in patients after spinal fracture surgery, and to develop individualized nursing strategies for each subtype, with the aim of improving prognosis. Methods: A total of 360 patients with spinal fractures who underwent surgical treatment at a tertiary grade A hospital in Nanchang from March 2023 to March 2025 were enrolled. Fear of falling was assessed using the short version of the Falls Efficacy Scale International on the day of discharge and at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. A latent variable mixed growth model was applied to identify and name the optimal number of trajectory subtypes. At discharge, general clinical data were collected simultaneously, and the Fried Frailty Phenotype, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Orthopedic Patient Functional Exercise Adherence Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) were administered for assessment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors influencing the assignment to each trajectory subtype. Results: A total of 331 patients completed all follow-ups in this study. The developmental trajectories of fear of falling were identified as four subtypes: low fear-stable (82 cases, 24.77%), moderate fear-slowly rising (64 cases, 19.34%), moderate fear-rapidly decreasing (121 cases, 36.56%), and high fear-stable (64 cases, 19.34%). Age, number of fractured vertebrae, the presence or absence of postoperative complications, the presence or absence of comorbid chronic diseases, the presence or absence of history of falls in the past 6 months, BBS score, functional exercise adherence score, and SSRS score were all influencing factors for the assignment to fear of falling trajectory subtypes (all P<0.05). Conclusion: There are four developmental trajectories of fear of falling in patients after spinal fracture surgery. Clinical nursing interventions should be tailored to the influencing factors specific to each trajectory subtype, so as to effectively reduce the level of fear of falling, and promote postoperative functional rehabilitation.

Objective: To investigate the current status of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) regarding nursing quality management indicators among nurses in tertiary hospitals, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for developing targeted intervention strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 22 to 31, 2024. A total of 104 tertiary hospitals in 9 provinces, autonomous regions, and munipalities across eastern, central, western, and northeastern China were selected by convenience sampling, and 22069 clinical nurses in these hospitals were enrolled as participants. Data were collected using a self-designed general information questionnaire, nurses' personal participation in quality control questionnaire, and nurses' KAP questionnaire on nursing quality management indicators. Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify factors influencing the KAP level. Results: A total of 22,069 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective response rate of 97.97%. The total score of KAP regarding nursing quality management indicators was 185.70±16.00, with the knowledge dimension scoring 73.14±10.65, the attitude dimension scoring 65.67±7.23, and the practice dimension scoring 46.89±4.66. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, region (central, western, and northeastern regions), department (surgical department), and familiarity with quality control indicators were influencing factors for the total KAP score. For the three dimensions, region, gender, familiarity with quality control indicators, participation in departmental quality control, age, and professional title were influencing factors for the knowledge dimension (P<0.05); region, gender, and familiarity with quality control indicators were influencing factors for the attitude dimension (P<0.05); and region, familiarity with quality control indicators, and years of working experience were influencing factors for the practice dimension (P<0.05). Conclusion: The KAP level of nursing quality management indicators among nurses in tertiary hospitals was at a moderately high level. It is recommended that nursing managers actively encourage young nurses to participate in departmental quality control, emphasize competency development and mentorship across different professional title levels, continuously optimize stratified training systems, and deepen cross-regional exchange and cooperation, so as to further enhance the KAP level of the nursing workforce regarding quality management.

Objective: To describe the trajectory of recurrence risk perception in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke within 6 months after onset and analyze its influencing factors, in order to provide evidence for the formulation of personalized intervention measures. Methods: A total of 153 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were recruited in two tertiary grade A hospitals in Guangzhou from February 2023 to February 2024 through convenience sampling. Participants were assessed using a general information questionnaire, the Stroke Recurrence Risk Perception Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form, and the Stroke Knowledge Questionnaire before discharge, and at 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge. The generalized estimating equation was employed to analyse the trajectory of recurrence risk perception and its influencing factors. Results: The total scores of the Stroke Recurrence Risk Perception Scale at the four time points were 45.93±4.40, 46.82±4.14, 47.49±4.18, and 48.00±3.90, respectively, indicating a moderately high level. The level of recurrence risk perception showed an upward trend over time (β=0.670, P<0.05). Gender, health knowledge level, activities of daily living before discharge, and affected upper limb muscle strength before discharge were independent influencing factors (P<0.05). Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the level of recurrence risk perception in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke in the early stage after onset, and develop targeted intervention strategies based on the influencing factors to prevent stroke recurrence.

Objective: To analyze the presentation characteristics and quality of nursing health-education content in comprehensive health science popularization short videos on several platforms, so as to provide evidence for the standardized development and management of nursing science popularization. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A search of Douyin and Xiaohongshu was performed from March 1 to 10, 2026. Using quota sampling stratified by platform and clinical specialty, 480 health science popularization short videos were included. The videos were coded for categories of nursing health education content and evaluated in terms of content completeness, actionability, risk communication, continuity-of-care orientation, and expression of physician-nurse collaboration. Results: At least one category of nursing health education content was identified in 52.1% of the videos. The content focused mainly on functional training and care guidance during rehabilitation, daily monitoring and self-care for chronic conditions, etc. The overall proportion of videos containing nursing health education content differed significantly across clinical specialties (P<0.05). Quality evaluation indicated relatively good content completeness and actionability, whereas risk communication, continuity-of-care orientation, and expression of physician-nurse collaboration remained insufficient. Conclusion: Health science popularization short videos have become an important medium for disseminating nursing-related health education. However, there remains room for improvement in systematic content provision, risk management, continuity of care, and interprofessional collaboration. Nursing health popularization content systems, collaborative production mechanisms, and quality evaluation processes should be further strengthened to facilitate the translation of nursing knowledge into safe and sustained health practices.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of applying the Thinking, Problem, Keypoints, Case, Experiment, Expansion (TPKCEE) teaching model in geriatric nursing courses in higher vocational colleges. This study aims to optimize the smart teaching system of geriatric nursing and provide references for curriculum teaching reform. Methods:?A total of 134 students from two classes of Grade 2023 vocational nursing students were recruited using a convenience sampling method, with 67 students in each group. The control group received traditional teaching methods, while the intervention group was taught using the TPKCEE teaching model within a 5G+ smart classroom. Comparisons were made between the two groups in terms of theoretical and practical examination scores, critical thinking ability, attitudes toward older adults, and career motivation in geriatric nursing. Textual analysis was conducted on the reflective journals of students in the interventional group. Results: Scores of all dimensions and total scores of critical thinking ability in the theoretical and practical assessments of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The total score and positive dimension score on the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Older People Scale, as well as the value subscale score and expectation subscale score on the Student Career Choice Motivation Questionnaire for Elderly Nursing, were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P<0.001). Reflective diary analysis revealed that nursing students in the intervention group experienced positive internal changes in learning interest, occupational cognition and professional sense of belonging, and their original stereotyped perceptions of the elderly were reshaped. Conclusion: The application of the TPKCEE teaching model within the 5G+ smart classroom for geriatric nursing in higher vocational nursing education can enhance students' learning initiative, improve their comprehensive abilities, cultivate a positive attitude toward the older adults, and increase their career motivation in geriatric nursing.

Objective: To systematically review qualitative studies on the home care experiences of caregivers of children with tracheostomy, and to provide a reference for developing targeted intervention strategies. Methods: A computer-based search was conducted in domestic and international databases for qualitative studies on the home care experience of caregivers of children with tracheostomy. The search period was from database inception to February 20, 2026. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. The Meta-synthesis approach was used to synthesize the findings. Results: A total of 14 studies were included. Forty-three research findings were extracted, which were grouped into 9 new categories and further synthesized into 3 integrated results: multidimensional impacts under the heavy burden of home care; difficulties and challenges in the care process; newly derived meaning and role growth from the caregiving experience. Conclusion: Caregivers of children with tracheostomy face multidimensional caregiving challenges, but also experience role growth. Future support systems should be constructed from three aspects: psychological support, specialized training and resource integration, so as to improve their care competence and quality of life.

Objective: To retrieve, evaluate and synthesize evidence on airway management for tracheostomy patients during the hospital-to-home transition, in order to provide a basis for clinical practice. Methods: Based on the "5S" evidence hierarchy model, a systematic search was conducted in Chinese and English databases for literature on tracheostomy airway management from their inception to August 1, 2025. Researchers independently performed quality assessment, evidence extraction, and evidence synthesis. Results: A total of 17 articles were included: 3 clinical decisions, 1 guideline, 1 evidence summary, 4 expert consensus, 1 standard, 4 systematic reviews, 2 randomized controlled trials and 1 cohort study. The evidence was synthesized into 6 themes: transitional care implementation assurance, predischarge assessment and preparation, airway management training and education, home maintenance and management, emergency response and external support, and transitional follow-up, covering a total of 31 pieces of evidence. Conclusion: The evidence is scientifically sound and practically applicable, providing a basis for airway management practice during the hospital-to-home transition.

Objective: To synthesize the characteristics of dietary behavior changes among patients with type 2 diabetes and provide a reference for developing stage-specific dietary interventions. Methods: Qualitative studies on dietary behavior changes among patients with type 2 diabetes were searched in Chinese and English databases from database inception to April 30, 2026. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research, and the findings were synthesized using the meta-aggregation approach. Results: Eighteen studies were included. A total of 64 findings were extracted and grouped into 10 categories, which were further synthesized into three synthesized findings: initiation, ambivalence, and maintenance of dietary behavior changes. Conclusion: Dietary behavior changes in patients with type 2 diabetes follow a staged process. Identification of patients' current stage and provision of tailored support are recommended to facilitate dietary behavior change and enhance long-term adherence.

Postoperative pulmonary complications are prevalent after lung cancer surgery, severely impacting patient recovery. Traditional pulmonary rehabilitation faces challenges such as lack of out-of-hospital supervision, sharp decline in adherence, and insufficient personalization. AI-driven respiratory training provides a new pathway to address these issues. This review summarizes the application of AI-driven respiratory training systems in perioperative rehabilitation management for lung cancer patients. It highlights its value in personalized assessment and regimen design, real-time monitoring and feedback. Furthermore, the review analyzes the transformation of the nurse's role from a "reactive executor" to a "data-driven decision-maker" and proposes multi-dimensional strategies to address challenges in legal liability, data governance, and policy support, aiming to provide references for the development of "smart nursing" models.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the wholecycle rehabilitation management programme for elderly patients with hip fracture based on Timing Theory, aiming to provide a reference for optimizing the continuous rehabilitation management system. Methods: A total of 300 elderly patients with hip fracture admitted from June 2024 to June 2025 were divided into an observation group and a control group by admission time, with 150 cases in each group. The control group received routine orthopedic nursing, and the observation group additionally received the full-cycle rehabilitation management programme based on Timing Theory. Average length of stay, unplanned readmission within 31 days after discharge, surgery-related complications within 3 months after surgery, and readiness for hospital discharge were compared. Results: The mean length of hospital stay in the observation group was (7.96±0.98) days, compared with (14.89±1.23) days in the control group, and the observation group had a significantly shorter stay (P<0.001). The rates of unplanned readmission, and inadequate discharge readiness in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and all differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no statistical differenece in rate of surgery-related complications between the two groups (P>0.05).?Conclusion: The wholecycle rehabilitation management programme based on the Timing Theory can effectively shorten the length of hospital stay and improve the outcome of elderly hip fracture patients, demonstrating considerable clinical applicability and promotion value.

Objective: To construct a theoretical training curriculum program for geriatric rehabilitation nurse specialists based on clinical needs, providing evidence for enhancing their knowledge and technical skills in elderly rehabilitation care. Methods: From March to July 2025, based on the National Nurse Training Guidelines for Specialized Nursing Fields, an initial draft of the curriculum was developed through a literature review and semi-structured interviews. The Delphi method was then employed to screen and select curriculum items at all levels, ultimately establishing the training curriculum in theory. Results: A total of 13 experts completed 2 rounds of expert consultation. The effective response rates of the two rounds of expert consultation were 100.0% and 86.7%, respectively. The expert authority coefficients were 0.922 and 0.955. In addition, Kendall's coefficient of concordance ranged from 0.412 to 0.440 in the second round of expert consultation (P<0.05), and the coefficient of variation of all the indicators ranged from 0 to 0.224. The constructed curriculum comprised five modules: geriatric rehabilitation nursing-related theoretical knowledge, practical skills in geriatric rehabilitation nursing, nursing for common geriatric diseases, nursing management, and nursing innovation and research, including 5 first-level items, 16 second-level items, and 68 third-level items, totaling 168 teaching hours. Conclusion: The theoretical training curriculum program for geriatric rehabilitation nurse specialists constructed in this study demonstrates scientific rigor and practical applicability, providing a reference basis for the standardized theoretical training of geriatric rehabilitation nursing specialists.

Objective: To explore the effects of early rehabilitation care based on the symptom management model in children with moderate to severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and to provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods: A total of 85 children with moderate to severe TBI admitted to the neurosurgery department of a tertiary grade A children's hospital in Jiangxi province from January 2024 to December 2025 were conveniently selected. Children were assigned to the control group (42 cases) or the intervention group (43 cases) according to their admission orders. The control group received routine care, while the children in the intervention group received early rehabilitation care based on the symptom management model. The initiation time of rehabilitation intervention, length of hospital stay, motor function, muscle tone, and parental care ability were compared between the two groups. Results: The initiation time of rehabilitation intervention in the intervention group was significantly earlier than that of the control group [(36.47±8.62) h vs (89.34±15.76) h], and the length of hospital stay was shorter (all P<0.05). At 14 days after the intervention, the intervention group had higher Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores and lower Modified Ashworth Scale scores than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The overall complication rate in the intervention group (23.3%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (61.9%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Early rehabilitation nursing for children with moderate to severe TBI can improve motor function and shorten the length of hospital stay, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective: To explore the effects of Sucking-Swallowing-Breathing (SSwB) rhythm rehabilitation training on feeding outcomes in extremely preterm infants and to provide references for clinical feeding care of extremely preterm infants. Methods: Preterm infants with extremely low gestational age admitted to the NICU of a tertiary grade A general hospital in Jiangsu province from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected by convenience sampling and divided into an observation group and a control group, with 43 cases in each group. The control group received routine feeding nursing care, while the observation group received sequential and systematic rehabilitation training based on SSwB rhythm on the basis of routine care. The feeding outcomes of infants in the two groups were compared. Results: The time to achieve full oral feeding in the observation group was (54.22±3.52) days, which was shorter than (60.55±4.24) days in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The feeding efficiency of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.001). At 2 weeks after intervention and when full oral feeding was achieved, the coordination scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.001), and the incidence of adverse physiological events during feeding in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: SSwB-based sequential systematic rehabilitation training can effectively improve feeding coordination and tolerance, shorten feeding transition time, reduce adverse events, and promote growth and development in extremely preterm infants. It is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective: To develop a post-discharge, hospital-community collaborative closed-loop management model for patients with Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (LEASO) based on multidimensional dynamic risk stratification and evaluate its effects, aiming to optimize postoperative continuity of care strategies. Methods: Using a non-simultaneous pre-post control design, 60 LEASO patients discharged from a tertiary grade A hospital in Nanjing from May to July 2025 were selected as the control group using consecutive sampling. Another 60 LEASO patients discharged from August to October 2025 were selected as the observation group. The control group received routine post-discharge follow-up, while the observation group received targeted closed-loop management based on multi-dimensional risk stratification. The intervention duration is 3 months. The effectiveness outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results: After intervention, the nursing care quality of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). At the 3-month follow-up after discharge, the self-management behaviors of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.05). The unplanned revisit rate of the observation group (4%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (16.67%) (P<0.05). Conclusion: The PDSA-based closed-loop management model integrating multi-dimensional dynamic risk stratification effectively improves out-of-hospital care for ASO patients, as reflected in enhanced self-management behaviors and fewer unplanned revisits. These findings inform chronic disease management across multiple campuses.

Objective: To develop an "Internet+" quality evaluation indicator system for palliative care services for cancer patients in the community, with the aim of providing a comprehensive and systematic scientific basis for the management of "Internet+" palliative care services. Methods: From December 2024 to June 2025, using the SERVQUAL model as a theoretical framework, we developed an evaluation index system for the quality of "Internet+" palliative care services for community cancer patients through literature reviews, group discussions, and the Delphi method. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was then employed to determine the weights of indicators at each level. Results: The response rates for both rounds of the expert questionnaire were 100%. The expert authority coefficients were 0.853 and 0.863, respectively, and the Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.156 and 0.203, respectively (P<0.01). The final "Internet+" palliative care services quality evaluation index system for community cancer patients comprised 5 first-level indicators, 12 second-level indicators, and 69 third-level indicators. Conclusion: The "Internet+" palliative care services, quality evaluation index system developed for cancer patients in the community is scientifically sound and reliable, and thus can serve as a reference for evaluating the quality of "Internet+" palliative care services.

Objective: To explore facilitators and barriers to blood glucose management in community-dwelling patients with Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia (IAH) and propose improvement strategies, so as to provide a theoretical basis for intervention studies to improve patients' glucose management. Methods: A mixed methods research based on protection motivation theory was used. From January 2024 to August 2025, a survey was conducted among 259 IAH patients from seven community health centers in Changshu, Jiangsu province, using convenience sampling. Binary Logistic regression identified influencing factors. Semi-structured interviews with 19 patients were analyzed. Results: Health literacy and decision dilemma were influencing factors (P<0.05). Three themes (information sources, threat appraisal, coping appraisal) revealed facilitators and barriers. Integration yielded eight facilitators and nine barriers across these themes. Conclusion: Despite multiple barriers, significant facilitators exist. To improve management, information source quality and professional competence should be enhanced, and decision support should be provided to reduce decision dilemmas and improve threat and coping appraisals.

Against the backdrop of population aging, dementia has become a prominent public health concern, and dementia-friendly communities serve as an effective solution to this issue. Taking the "Four Pillars" framework proposed by Alzheimer's Disease International as the analytical tool, this paper reviews the practices of building dementia-friendly communities in Macao, China from 2016 to 2025. It systematically elaborates relevant policies, organizational arrangements, cross-departmental collaboration and public education initiatives, and summarizes the characteristics and practical outcomes of local practices. Combined with the aging situation and existing deficiencies of elderly care services in Chinese mainland, this paper puts forward localized suggestions in terms of top-level design, talent cultivation, community operation and social mobilization. It aims to provide practical references for Chinese mainland to develop dementia-friendly communities, improve the elderly care system and implement the healthy aging strategy.

Objective: To develop an evidence-based educational handbook on fluid volume management for elderly patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF), thereby assisting patients in managing their fluid intake in a scientific and standardized manner. Methods: Patient needs were identified through semi-structured interviews. An educational content framework was constructed through evidence retrieval and expert consultation, upon which the handbook was designed and produced, and a specific implementation plan was formulated. Elderly patients with CHF (n=52) who were admitted to the cardiology department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Nanjing from November 20, 2025 to December 31, 2025, and their primary caregivers (n=48), were selected as the subjects of the program application. A survey was conducted to assess their initial satisfaction with the use of the handbook. Results: The educational handbook on volume management for elderly CHF patients comprises six main themes and 18 sub-themes; a comprehensive implementation plan was formulated, covering implementers, timing, procedures, the teach-back method and outcome evaluation; the handbook was preliminarily applied with an average overall satisfaction score of (4.35±0.52) points. Conclusion: The educational handbook on volume management for elderly patients with CHF is both scientifically sound and practical. It emphasizes elderly-friendly design and feasibility, and has received a high level of user acceptance; it may serve as a reference for the development of other public health education materials.

Objective: To explore the psychological experience process of family caregivers of children with cancer in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), with the aim of guiding clinical psychological nursing practice. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted from April to October 2025. Primary family caregivers of pediatric oncology patients in the PICU of a tertiary children's hospital in Beijing were recruited by purposive sampling. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were performed, and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: A total of 16 caregivers were enrolled, and 4 themes with 18 subthemes were identified: initial emotional shock (emotional breakdown, empathetic distress, fear of losing control, and despair); persistent anxiety (hypervigilance, decisional conflict, self-blame, and loss of control over the future); caregiving role dilemma (energy exhaustion, sense of caregiving deprivation, concern about being misunderstood by the child, family role conflict, and social withdrawal); and psychological resilience adaptation (emotional venting, self-comfort, resilience driven by responsibility, positive self-suggestion, and peaceful acceptance of reality). Conclusion: The psychological experience of family caregivers of children with cancer in the PICU is complex and multifaceted. Their multiple psychological distresses should be addressed to reduce the risk of traumatic stress, alleviate stage-specific pressures and dilemmas, and tap into their growth potential within adversity, so as to promote positive psychological growth.

Lighting constitutes a crucial component of the physical environment in the ICU, ICU patients are often exposed to a lighting environment with insufficient daytime illumination and severe light pollution at night. With the continuous advancement of the precision medicine concept, the focus of lighting environment management has gradually transitioned from meeting basic visual needs to targeted regulation of patients' physiological functions. This paper systematically reviews the literature on light environment management in adult ICUs, covering the current status, patient impacts, and management strategies, to inform further research and clinical practice.

Family decision-makers play a significant role in health decision-making regarding patients' treatment, care, and rehabilitation support. We integrate the connotation of family decision-makers and explore the differences among similar concepts, and summarize the current situation of patient groups, decision-making situation characteristics and main topics in the research. Furthermore, future research directions are proposed based on identifying limitations in existing studies. This paper aims to offer references and insights for both theoretical research and practical work in related fields, and to enhance the health of family members and the advancement of public health goals.

This paper introduces Japan's Diagnosis Procedure Combination system and its nursing "additional reimbursement" mechanism, elaborating on the nursing intensity evaluation method centered on the "nursing care necessity" and its closed-loop application. By comparing the differences between Chinese and Japanese models of nursing service pricing and medical insurance payment, and synthesizing domestic research progress, this paper explores the feasibility, challenges, and policy implications of localized implementation in China. It aims to provide a systematic reference for quantifying the value of nursing care and establishing a compensation pathway based on nursing intensity in China.