This paper reviewed the development of rehabilitation nursing of cardiovascular disease at home and abroad. It analyzed the hot spots and issues in the research area of cardiovascular rehabilitation nursing, focusing on the experimental studies. It provided useful information for the future researches and clinical nursing practice in cardiovascular disease rehabilitation nursing in China.

Objective: To explore the effects of WeChat carrier-based 5E rehabilitation management on sodium intake behavior in elderly patients with stable chronic heart failure. Methods: A total of 100 patients with stable chronic heart failure who had been discharged from hospital from August 2018 to August 2020 were included. They were randomly divided into two groups, 50 in the control group and 50 in the experiment group. The control group received nursing care as usual, while the experimental group received WeChat carrier-based 5E rehabilitation management intervention. The observation indexes of the two groups were compared after intervention. Results: The rate of good sodium control and satisfaction scores to nursing care in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The rate of re-admission of the experiment group due to worsening heart failure within six months after discharge was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of WeChat carrier-based 5E rehabilitation management can significantly improve the behavior of sodium control and reduce the risk of re-hospitalization in elderly patients with stable chronic heart failure. It can improve the satisfaction of the patients as well.

Objective: To investigate the association between job stress and the severity of coronary artery disease in young and middle-aged patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 419 young and middle-aged patients who was performed coronary angiography in a hospital in Beijing from January to December 2020 were included. They were divided into CHD group and control group by convenient sampling method. Gensini score was used to evaluate the severity of coronary artery disease. The general information questionnaire and the Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ) were performed. Spearman correlation and logistic regression was used to analyze the association between job stress and severity of coronary artery disease. Results: There were statistically significant differences in effort, ERI and overcommitment among different coronary artery disease groups (P<0.05). Effort, ERI and overcommitment were positively correlated with Gensini score. Effort, ERI and overcommitment were the independent risk factors for the severity of coronary artery disease, and ERI had the greatest effect. Conclusion: Job stress is positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease. The effort, ERI and overcommitment can predict the severity of coronary artery disease.

Objective: To explore the completion rate of phase I cardiac rehabilitation program and influencing factors in patients after emergency PCI. Methods: The medical records of 104 patients, who participated in cardiac rehabilitation after emergency PCI from January 2020 to June 2021, were analyzed. Self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of cardiac rehabilitation completion after emergency PCI. Results: The average completion rate of cardiac rehabilitation of the patients was 72.74%. Nutrition level, anxiety level, cardiac function level, risk stratification were the influencing factors for the completion rate of cardiac rehabilitation, which could explain 41.50% of the total variation. Conclusion: The completion of stage I cardiac rehabilitation in emergency PCI patients needs to be improved. Clinical doctors and nurses should pay more attention to the patients and provide enough support to patients with risk factors, so as to promote patients to complete cardiac rehabilitation with high quality.

Objective: To explore the effect of application of LEARNS Model in health education for outpatients with Heart Failure. Methods: Totally 100 outpatients with heart failure were randomly divided into intervention group and control group using random number table from June 2019 to October 2020. The intervention group consisted of 50 cases and control group consisted of 50 cases. The nursing intervention lasted 3 months. The intervention group received health education based on LEARNS Model, while the control group received routine health education during outpatient follow-up. The Atlanta Heart Failure Knowledge Test-V2 (AHFKT-V2), the European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior Scale (EHFScBS) were applied and heart failure related indicators were evaluated at the beginning and end of nursing intervention respectively. Results: At the end of intervention, the scores of AHFKT-V2, EHFScBS and B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The number of NYHA I of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Health education based on LEARNS Model can significantly improve the disease-related knowledge, self-care behavior, NYHA grade and BNP of outpatients with heart failure.

Objective: To explore the effects of the staged comprehensive exercise training program on patients with chronic heart failure. Methods: 60 patients with chronic heart failure were recruited and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group with 30 in each group. The control group was given regular exercise instruction, and the experimental group was given the phased comprehensive exercise training program. The effects on cardiac function, somatic symptoms, quality of life and prognostic outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results: After implementing the phased comprehensive exercise training program, the average left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The average scores of somatic symptoms and quality of life in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The mortality rates of the two groups shown no statistically significant difference, while the re-hospitalization rate caused by heart failure in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The periodic comprehensive exercise training program for patients with chronic heart failure can effectively improve their exercise tolerance and relieve physical symptoms to not only bring better cardiac function and life but also positive prognosis.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Liverpool Oral Rehabilitation Questionnaire 3 (LORQv3). Methods: The Chinese version of LORQv3 questionnaire was translated strictly following the Brislin questionnaire translation-back model. The reliability and validity of LORQv3 were analyzed in 257 patients with denture restoration. Results: The LORQv3 was revised according to Chinese culture. The questionnaire consists of 39 items, which were divided into 2 parts. The first part had 16 scoring items, involving oral function, facial appearance and social interaction. The second part had 23 description items, which were not included in the total score, involving social contact and patients' satisfaction with dentures. The I-CVI and S-CVI of LORQv3 was 0.83-1.00 and 0.978, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between LORQv3 and the total score of the Chinese Oral Health Impact Profile was 0.827 (P<0.001).The internal consistency coefficients of LORQv3 ranged from 0.786 to 0.886, the reliability of the split were 0.648 to 0.856, and the reliability of retest was 0.949. Conclusion: The Chinese version of LORQv3 had good reliability and validity, and can be used in Chinese patients with denture restoration.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of 3-Minute Diagnostic Interview for CAM-defined Delirium (3D-CAM) for delirium assessment in ICU patients and its applicability. Methods: We selected 150 ICU patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from September to October 2019 as the research participants by convenience sampling method, and chose DSM-V as the gold standard to test the validity of 3D-CAM in delirium assessment of ICU patients. Two nurses independently evaluated 55 randomly selected patients with 3D-CAM, and using the inter-evaluator reliability to test their reliability. Results: Delirium was diagnosed with a positive rate of 41.3% by DSM-V, while by 3D-CAM, the positive rate was 38.0%, the Kappa was 0.736 (P<0.01). Compared with gold standard, the sensitivity of 3D-CAM was 87.7% (95%CI 75.5%-94.5%), specificity was 87.1% (95%CI 78.2%-92.9%), PPV was 80.6% (95%CI 68.3%-89.2%), NPV was 92.0% (95%CI 83.8%-96.5%). The reliability study included 55 patients, and the overall consistency of Kappa among raters was 0.845 (P<0.001), the consistent Kappa values of the four diagnostic features (acute onset or fluctuation change, inattention, confusion of thinking and change of consciousness level) were 0.777, 0.809, 0.791 and 0.829 (P<0.001). Conclusion: 3D-CAM has good reliability and validity in delirium assessment of ICU patients. It is characterized by no need for special training, quick assessment and high sensitivity, and is suitable for medical staff with non-psychiatric background.

Objective: To investigate the palliative care quality perceived by patients, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods: Totally 300 patients with palliative care were included by convenience sampling. The short form of the Questionnaire Quality from the Patient's Perspective for Palliative Care, the Social Relationship Quality Scale and the 13 items Sense of Coherence Scale were used. Results: The scores of palliative care quality perceived by patients were 3.15±0.47 in Medical-technical competence, 3.12±0.42 in Physical-technical conditions, 3.07±0.38 in Identity-oriented approach, and 2.97±0.33 in Sociocultural atmosphere. Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that age and social relationship quality and psychological congruence were the related factors of patients' perceived quality of palliative care (P<0.05). Conclusion: The quality of palliative care in China needs to be improved, and the care quality perceived by patients is related with psychological, social and demographic characteristics. It is suggested that to improve the quality of palliative care, the medical staff should not only pay attention to the mental health, but also the social health of patients and a friendly social network.

Objective: To preliminarily evaluate the effects of the virtual simulation experiment teaching method of pressure steam sterilization in improving the knowledge and skills of pressure steam sterilization for nursing students. Methods: We conducted a self-controlled before and after trial, in which we enrolled 30 nursing interns from June 3, 2019 to June 2, 2020 to receive the virtual simulation experiment teaching of pressure steam sterilization. We compared their theoretical and operational performance before and after the intervention in the mid-term assessment (2 weeks) and final assessment (4 weeks), and collected their evaluations of the virtual simulation experiment teaching system of pressure steam sterilization. Results: The theoretical and operational scores in the mid-term assessment and the final assessment were higher than that before the intervention (P<0.05). About 97.7% of the students believe that the virtual simulation experiment teaching system can boost their interest in learning, and 93.3% of the students think that the virtual simulation experiment teaching is conducive to cultivating clinical thinking ability. Conclusion: The virtual simulation experiment teaching of pressure steam sterilization can effectively improve the theoretical knowledge level and operation skill level of pressure steam sterilization for nursing interns.

Objective: To investigate the implementation of Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) dysfunction surveillance in Beijing hemodialysis centers. Methods: Through a self-designed questionnaire, the basic situation of 123 hemodialysis centers in medical institutions at all levels in Beijing and the implementation of surveillance of AVF dysfunction were investigated, and the results were analyzed. Results: In the implementation of AVF dysfunction surveillance by Beijing hemodialysis centers, in addition to the implementation rate of patient education of 92.68%, the implementation rate of other items related to procedures and systems, personnel and surveillance methods and contents were all below 70.00%. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between the hemodialysis centers of tertiary and non-tertiary hospitals in vascular access group (χ2=10.593, P=0.001), physical examination (χ2=5.752, P=0.016) and patient education (χ2=7.102, P=0.008). Conclusion: There is still much room for improvement in the monitoring procedures and systems, personnel, surveillance methods and contents of AVF dysfunction in Beijing hemodialysis centers. In order to improve the management level of vascular access as a whole, relevant regulations should be established based on the best evidence and medical resources should be optimized and adjusted.

Objective: To explore the effect of internet-based continuous care on glucose control, blood lipid and other metabolic indexes as well as psychological and behavioral influences in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 210 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to the Endocrinology Department of a grade A class 3 hospital in Hefei from January to June 2020 were collected. Patients were randomly and equally divided into control group (n=105) and intervention group (n=105). Patients in the control group followed routine in-hospital and out-of-hospital management according to the traditional clinical pathway. On the basis of routine management, patients in the intervention group received internet-based continuous care following the hospital-department-community-home management approach. The two management methods lasted for a total of three months, and the metabolic indexes such as blood glucose and lipids levels before and after the intervention, as well as self-management behaviors and the incidence of emotional disorders were assessed and compared between two groups. Results: There was one patient failed to complete the activities in the intervention group. At baseline, there was no statistically significant differences between patients in both groups, in terms of their basic characteristics and study variables (P>0.05). After the intervention, metabolic indexes including blood glucose, lipid level and body mass index in the intervention group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). The score of self-management behaviors of patients in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of severe mood disorder in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: internet-based continuous care can significantly improve the metabolic indicators of patients with type 2 diabetes, such as blood sugar and lipid levels, enhance patients' diabetes self-management behaviors and effectively reduce the occurrence of negative emotions.

Objective: To explore the effects of dual task training in elderly patients with Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment (VaMCI). Methods: From March 2019 to February 2020, 71 elderly patients with VaMCI were selected from 3 tertiary grade A general hospitals and divided into the experimental group (35 cases) and the control group (36 cases). Health education was given to the two groups respectively. The experimental group received three months of dual-task training on the basis of health education. Before the intervention, 3 months after the intervention and 1 month after the intervention, wearable gait analyzer was used to measure the stride time, stride length, step speed and stride frequency of the study subjects under natural walking and dual task walking. The Timed Up & Go Test was used to evaluate the balance function of the study subjects. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group improved the stride time, stride length, step speed and stride frequency under natural walking and dual task walking at 3 months of intervention and 1 month after intervention, and the time consumption of Timed Up & Go Test was reduced, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Dual task training can effectively improve the gait and balance function of the elderly with VaMCI.

Objective: To construct an optimized insulin injection training program for non-diabetic nurse specialists in a medical alliance, and to evaluate training effects. Methods: We used Miller Pyramid Model to design the training program. We also used Kirkpatrick Model to evaluate the training effects. Totally 426 non-diabetic nurse specialists in the medical alliance were selected as the training subjects. Training effects were evaluated and tracked before and after the training. Results: The training satisfaction of non-diabetic nurse specialists in the medical alliance was high. There were significant differences in the scores of knowledge, attitude and practice, injection skills, self-evaluation, head nurses' evaluation, and the number of wrong key rotation points of insulin injection before and after the training (P<0.05). Conclusion: The training of non-diabetic nurse specialists in the medical alliance can effectively optimize their insulin injection skill level.

Objective: To explore the effects of using daily goal management to early oral feeding in patients after pancreatic surgery. Methods: We selected 60 patients undergoing elective/limited pancreatic ERAS surgery into the experimental group from Jan 1, 2019 to Dec 31, 2020 in the hospital, and using the daily goal management to guide their early oral feeding after surgery. In the control group, 60 patients undergoing the same surgery were reviewed from Jan 1, 2017 to Dec 31, 2018. The outcome indexes of postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery and the incidence of postoperative complications were evaluated in the two groups. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative gastric emptying disturbance, shortened the oral feeding time and reduced the postoperative hospital stay. There were statistical significance between the differences of the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Establishing the quantitative goal of daily rehabilitation on the basis of evidence-based medicine can stimulate patients to better achieve the goal of rapid postoperative rehabilitation and effectively implement the early oral feeding measures of ERAS, promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function and shorten the hospitalization time of postoperative patients after pancreatic surgery.

Objective: To systematic review the effects of aerobic exercise on the cognitive function in patients with cognitive impairment after stroke. Methods: The databased of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, Wangfang and CBMdisc were searched from January, 2000 to August, 2020. Literature selection and data extraction were conducted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3. Results: Sixteen trials involving 1319 patients with cognitive impairment after stroke were included. Compared with the control group, those in the group with aerobic exercise showed higher score in the Mini-Mental State Examination [MD=2.38, 95%CI (0.84,3.93) ], the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MD=3.08, 95%CI (2.31, 3.85) ] and Addenbrooke's Congnitive Examination [MD=3.91, 95%CI (1.31, 6.51) ]; and they showed higher score in Fugl-Meyer [MD=10.06, 95%CI (1.96, 18.15) ], Berg Balance Scale [MD=7.83, 95%CI (0.49, 15.17) ] and ADL [MD=8.30, 95%CI (3.68, 12.91) ]. Conclusion: The erobic exercise is benefit to improve the cognitive function, physical function, balance function and activity of daily living.

Context is one of the core factors that cause the results of evidence implementation to be variable, which also has a deep impact on the evidence, the implementation process, and the implementer/adopter. This paper introduces the concept of context and describes the development process, applicable object, measurement content, scoring method, reliability and validity, the application status quo of context assessment tools, aiming to provide a reference for Chinese scholars to select appropriate assessment tools of context in implementation research.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors during the implementation of evidence-based physical restraint project. Methods: Sixty pilot department's nurses were selected. The influencing factors of practice implementation were explored through the questionnaire of evidence-based nursing implementation belief and implementation level questionnaire and interview. Results: Barriers affecting the evidence-based practice implementation included: nurses had no systematic training of evidence-based practice; nurses' evidence-based practice ability needed to be improved and mainly based on their own working habits; the corresponding department had no detailed rules of quality control, and the facilitators included recognition of the practice significance and high attention received from department leaders, etc. Conclusion: Multiple factors affected the continuity of the project during the application process of the evidence-based physical restraint in ICU patients. Researchers should take specific strategies to promote project continuity, maximize the effects of evidence-based practice, and implement it in a clinical practice in an orderly and efficient manners.

Objective: To understand the current situation, challenge and countermeasures of the training of newly graduated nurses from the views of nursing directors in general hospitals, so as to provide reference for implementing management reform and perfecting policy. Methods: Semi-structured interview method was applied to conduct in-depth interviews with the directors of nursing departments of 9 general hospitals in China from July to August of 2020, and Colaizzi 7-step analysis was used to sort out and analyze the data. Results: According to the interview results, training management guarantee, challenges and countermeasures of training management, and the prospect of training management in the future 3 themes and 10 sub-themes were formed. Conclusion: The directors of nursing departments take various measures to meet challenges and strengthen the management of training. The construction of training teachers and evaluation system still need to be further improved and optimized, so as to further improve the training effect and build a high-quality nursing talent team.

This article introduces the concept, evaluation tools and current situation of nurses' sense of meaning in life, analyzes the factors affecting nurses' sense of meaning in life, and clarifies the strategies to improve nurses' sense of meaning in life, so as to provide reference for the practice of improving nurses' sense of meaning in life.

Objective: To investigate the status quo of job involvement among healthcare-associated infection control professionals in China and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 9228 healthcare-associated infection control professionals from 3776 hospitals, 20 provinces in China by using Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and Perceived Organizational Support Scale. Results: The total score of job involvement of healthcare-associated infection control professionals was 80.72±15.02, and the average score of items was 5.05±0.94. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that age, working years in healthcare-associated infection management department, marital status, job position, professional background, whether having part-time job, working hours per week, average monthly income, economic region the hospital belongs to, characteristics of the hospital, perceived organizational support (including support for work, concerns for interests, and value identity) were the influencing factors of job involvement of healthcare-associated infection control professionals (P<0.05). Conclusion: The job involvement of healthcare-associated infection control professionals in China is relatively high. It is suggested that managers should improve the salary of healthcare-associated infection control professionals, and create a supportive working environment to enhance the perceived organizational support of healthcare-associated infection control professionals, so as to promote them to work better.

The Clinical Care Classification (CCC) system and the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International (NANDA-I) system are compared in terms of connotation, characteristics, development and application, as well as their mapping relationships. This study helps and paves the way for clinical nursing staff to deepen their understanding and integration of the two nursing terminology systems so as to lay a solid foundation for interchanging and informationization of nursing across hospitals and regions.

Objective: In order to monitor the unplanned extubation events in real time, accurately, objectively and conveniently, and further improve the nursing procedures, an unplanned extubation monitoring system with automatic extraction was developed based on the data of hospital information system, so as to realize the scientific management of patients with catheterization. Methods: Data sources and algorithms related to unplanned extubation were determined through clinical medical and nursing procedures, being corrected by adverse events information, and being further optimized through clinical investigation cases. The suspected cases in the database of unplanned extubation cases were determined after clinical confirmation. Totally 1462 inpatients were included from January 26 to 28, 2021, and the results of the monitoring system were compared with those of the adverse event reporting system to verify the performance of the monitoring system. Results: For the monitoring system, the detection rate of unplanned extubation events was 50%, which was higher than that of adverse events reports in the same period (P=0.016). The realization of automatic monitoring of UEX makes the statistics can be analyzed by different levels, different wards and different periods. Conclusion: The unplanned extubation monitoring system based on the analysis of hospital information data can realize sensitive and objective monitoring of unplanned extubation events automaticly and timely, which is helpful to optimize the nursing process.

This article summarizes the origin and development history, service process, content and characteristics, application effects and development problems of Group Care Global (GCG) of maternal and infant health care, and analyzes the problems encountered in the development of GCG of maternal and infant health in China. The purpose of this article is to provide a reference for constructing a GCG of Centering-Based maternal and infant health care model that is in line with China's national health care system conditions.

Estimating life expectancy is a fundamental component in the management of patients with advanced cancer. Accurate and reliable estimation can not only help medical staffs decide whether they should change treatment timing to offer the most appropriate care, but also help patients and their families make early plans and arrangements, which is conducive to ensure a comfortable, peaceful and dignified death for patients. This review aims to summarize the progress in the prognostic factors and assessment tools of life expectancy in patients with advanced cancer and provide a reference for their clinical use and related researches in hospice care.

The concept, incidence, related risk factors and risk prediction models for ICU readmissions were reviewed in this article. It is expected to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment as well as nursing to reduce the ICU readmissions rate.

This paper reviews the drainage nursing of patients with postoperative Pancreatic Fistula, including strengthening the monitoring of drainage fluid, paying attention to the drainage of high-risk groups and formulating comprehensive management strategies. It provides reference for the nursing work related to drainage after Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Radiotherapy Induced Cardiac Disease (RIHD) is one of the main causes of non-cancerous death in patients with thoracic malignant tumor receiving radiotherapy, which poses a great threat to the prognosis, quality of life and life of patients. Many studies at home and abroad have found that a variety of factors were related to the occurrence of RIHD. This paper reviews the research progress of influencing factors and preventive measures of RIHD in thoracic tumors, so as to provide basis for improving the safety of radiotherapy for thoracic tumors and provide reference for further exploring effective intervention measures.

This paper introduces the connotation and application of self-quantification in hypertension monitoring, including quantification of blood pressure, diet, exercise, medication, emotion and sleep, and summarizes the application effect of self-quantification in hypertension monitoring. The value of self-quantification in practice was analyzed in order to provide ideas for its popularization in community practice.

Objective: To identify Motivational Interviewing (MI) training programs targeting nurses by taking Scoping Review. Methods: According to the methodology framework of scoping review, relevant studies in English or Chinese in the databases, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, were searched systematically up to 15 May, 2020. The included studies were summarized. Results: Totally 33 articles (32 studies) were included. Most of the trainers were Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers, training time and methods varied among the studies, and MI competency was the most evaluation index of training. Conclusion: The traing modes and methods of MI training programs for nurses were diversified and there is no best practice standard at present. There is a need to improve MI training system and conduct MI trainings in China to improve the reliability and feasibility of MI conducted by nurses.

This paper reviewed the research status, assessment instruments, influencing factors, and interventions related to reproductive concerns of male cancer patients in child-bearing age. We aimed to provide references to improve the reproductive concerns of this special population.