Abstract: The increasing prevalence of an aging population has led to a growing burden of disease within society, thereby posing significant challenges for the nursing industry. The continuous development of large language models based on artificial intelligence technology has brought significant opportunities for nursing practice. This article provides a comprehensive review of the application of large language models in nursing practice and management, nursing research, and nursing education. It points out that the application process faces risks and challenges such as privacy and security issues, risk of health damage, academic and educational integrity, and domestic environmental applicability. It is recommended that developers and users establish multidisciplinary teams in the future to properly address the existing risks and challenges, so as to accelerate the development of the nursing industry in the era of information technology.

Key words: large language model; ChatGPT; nursing practice; technical risk