Abstract: Postoperative Urinary Retention (POUR) is a common complication after surgery. Inappropriate management of POUR may be responsible for bladder overdistention, urinary tract infection, and catheter-related complications. The key strategy to successfully prevent POUR is early accurate diagnosis. The article systematically reviewed the current risk assessment of postoperative urinary retention to provide reference for nurses to quickly identify potential high-risk patients and to provide prospective care.