Abstract: Objective: To identify the incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium in neurosurgery patients through Meta-analysis, and to provide evidence for early clinical identification and prevention of postoperative delirium. Methods: Literature on the incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium in neurosurgery were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang Data from inception to June 2023. After literature quality evaluation and data extraction, Stata 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 24 studies were included, and 20 risk factors were extracted for Meta-analysis. The results showed that the incidence of postoperative delirium was 24%. Age, gender, anxiety or depression, tumor diameter, tumor nature, history of hypertension, preoperative cerebral ischemia, postoperative GCS score, postoperative bilateral frontal pneumocephalus, hypoproteinemia, hypoxemia, fever, sleep disturbance, frontal approach craniotomy, benzodiazepine use, and physical restraint are risk factors for postoperative delirium in neurosurgery. Conclusion: The incidence of postoperative delirium is high in neurosurgery patients. Clinical staff should strengthen the monitoring and management of delirium, identify high-risk groups according to relevant risk factors, and carry out targeted measures to prevent and control the development of delirium.

Key words: neurosurgery; postoperative delirium; risk factors; Meta-analysis