Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current status of nursing regarding prevention and control of Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infections (CRBSI), and compared it with the best practice guideline. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in 122 hospitals in 15 provinces from July 1st to 30 th, 2015. The questionnaire was designed according to guidelines both domestic and abroad. Results: 2 176 nurses (88.0%) used sterile drape as maximum sterile barrier precaution, 2 048 nurses (82.8%) adopted iodophor or iodine tincture for skin disinfection; 1 271 nurses (51.4%) changed transparent dressings twice a week; 1 039 nurses (42.0%) chose not to change CVCs without indications; 94 nurses (3.8%) chose to use bath fluid with chlorine. Conclusion: Currently the best practice guideline hass not carried out well in China. There is still a great gap between the best practice guideline and the current clinical nursing. The nurses' knowledge and practice of the best practice guideline of prevention and control CRBSI should be improved.