Abstract: Objective: To explore and understand the current status of occupational cognition of nurses for elderly people and their nursing practice quality in nursing homes in Changchun, and analyze as well as discuss the relationship between them. Methods: Totally 345 nurses for elderly people in nursing homes in Changchun joined the survey and were investigated with the Questionnaire of Nursing Occupational Cognition and High Quality Nursing Practice. Results: The total score of occupation cognition of nurses for elderly people in nursing homes was (70.47±12.51), while the total score of high quality nursing practice degree was (97.05±18.15); occupation cognition of nurses for elderly people in nursing homes and dimensions of their quality of nursing practice were positively correlated (P<0.05); degree of certainty and sense of intitutional influence were two important variables to predict the quality of nursing practice. Conclusion: Improvement of the quality of nursing practice could be achieved through improvement of the level of occupational cognition of nurses for elderly people in nursing homes. Relevant departments of the government should offer more policy support and pay more attention to nursing staffs' education and training systems, increase the level of occupation cognition of nurses for elderly people in nursing homes so as to improve the quality of nursing practice, offer better pension services and promotethe construction and development of pension institutions.