Abstract: Objective: To investigate the perception and experience of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with Acute Leukemia. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological research method was applied and semi-structure interview was conducted in 8 acute leukemia patients who received HLA haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from February to December 2016. The original data were analyzed based on Colaizzi 7 steps. Results: Four themes were extracted, which included: strong hope in pre-transplantation, tremendous physical and psychological suffering during transplantation, two contrary outcomes need to be accepted after transplantation, and the mental pressure caused by heavy economic burden. Conclusion: Patients with acute leukemia who underwent HLA haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had various, complicate, strong perceptions and experiences at different stages. Nurses should understand the patient's feelings and psychological needs, and pay attention to patients' feelings and help them cope with the mental problems. It is important to provide holistic care to ensure the smooth process of transplantation, and improve the quality of life of patients.