Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current situation of nursing human resources in operating room. Methods: A self designed questionnaire was used in this study. The general information, the number of operation, nursing human resources allocation, operation room management, nursing education and training in the operating rooms of 2 039 hospitals in 31 provinces and cities in China were investigated. Results: Number of operation rooms/Number of nurses in the operating room (median)=1/2. Education level was dominated by undergraduate degree (47.98%), the proportion of the nurses with undergraduate degree or above was 48.76%. The professional title is mainly in primary level (38.80%). The operating room which was managed by nursing department or hospital accounted for 75.04%. There were 1210 (59.34%) hospital operating rooms setting up Post anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), it was more than that (37.61%,1083) of the survey in 2012 (χ2=226.701, P<0.001). The Operating room which had carried out position management and hierarchical management accounted for 69.45% and 74.99%, respectively. There were 66.16% of the hospitals had specialized nurses training in the operating room. Conclusion: Nurses education level in the operating room was dominated by undergraduate degree, primary level nurses had the biggest proportion. More than half of the hospitals had set up PACU. Meanwhile, position management and hierarchical management have been widely used in operating room in China.