Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of optimistic psychology among maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods: Totally 93 hemodialysis patients from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai were investigated with demographic questionnaire, Optimism Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale Chinese version, and Social Support Rating Scale. Results: The total score of optimism questionnaire was 126.91±20.92.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that social support utilization, personality extraversion and neuroticism were the influencing factors of optimistic psychology. Social support utilization and personality extraversion could promote optimism among hemodialysis patients, while personality neuroticism could inhibit optimism. Conclusion: The optimism level among hemodialysis patients need to be improved. The health care professionals should take effective measures to improve patients' optimism level according to the influencing factors.