Abstract: Objective: To investigate the social relational quality and resilience level in traumatic brain injury patients,and explore the effect of social relational quality on resilience, so as to provide a new perspective to improve the resilience level. Methods: 238 brain injury patients were surveyed using Social Relational Quality Scale and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The single factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used in conjunction to explore the effect of social relational quality on resilience in traumatic injury patients. Results: The total score of social relational quality and resilience level were respectively (63.61±12.89) and (51.21±5.62). The total score of social relational quality, family cohesion,family commitment, and friendship were positively correlated with the total score of resilience, tenacity, strength and optimism(P<0.05); Age, modified barthel index and Fuglmeyer motor function score were positively correlated with the total score of resilience (r=0.302, 0.365, 0.346, P<0.05), and the family income was negatively correlated with the total score of resilience (r=-0.312, P<0.05). Thereissignificant difference of the total score of resilience among the brain injury patients with different sex and mode of payment (P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the social relational quality could explained 22.7% of the total variance of the resilience level in brain injury patients (P<0.05). Conclusions: The level of resilience was in the middle in brain injury patients, and social relational quality was its influencing factor, the nursing staff could start from the social relational quality to improve the level of resilience.