Abstract: Objective: To investigate the treatment compliance level of the elderly hypertensive patients in the countryside and its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for instituting specific intervention measures. Methods: One hundred and ninety elderly hypertensive patients in the countryside were selected and questionnaire including patient's general condition,therapeutic adherence scale for hypertensive patients (TASHP), antihypertensive therapy related attitudes and beliefs scale(ATRABS) were used. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Univariate χ2 test and multiple logistic regression model were used to analyze all kinds of key factors. Results: The score of the treatment compliance in the elderly hypertensive patients in the countryside was (85.16±9.40), 68.128% of total scores. The influencing factors of poor compliance including age,disease process and medication period and the attitudes and beliefs for antihypertensive therapy (P<0.05). Conclusion: The medical staff in rural community should provide health education and individual treatment choice for patients in order to improve their treatment adherence.