Abstract: Objective: To investigate self-care agency for the first month with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) in cancer patients, and analysis the influence factors of self-care agency. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 consecutive cancer patients who underwent PICC placement less than a month. The Cancer Patients PICC Self-management Scale (CPPSM) and Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCA) were used to measure self-care agency of cancer patients. Results: A total of 160 patients were recruited. 80.0% patients PICC self-management was quite good with a total score of 154.45±14.60, the self-care agency was in the middle level with a total score of 113.47±18.27. The self-care agency was positive related to PICC self-management ability (r=0.306, P<0.05), According to the multiple linear regression analyses, it is suggested that the age and self-care agency have impact on PICC self-management, and the education, age and living place play an important role in self-care agency. Conclusions:The self-care agency for the first month with PICC in cancer patients were not well, the main effect of self-care agency on PICC self-management ability were showed on the compliance of PICC maintenance and PICC management confidence. The self-care agency can be improved among the people who are old, less educated, living-in-country, and the PICC self-management level can be improved by high self-care agency.