Abstract: Objective: To explore the effect of transitional care on the anticoagulant therapy compliance among discharged patients undergoing valve replacement surgery. Methods: We recruited 121 patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement surgery in the cardiothoracic surgery department of our hospital from May 2010 to May 2013, and divided them into control group (n=61) and experimental group (n=60), respectively, according to their discharge order. All of the patients received routine discharge guidance. The control group adopted routine outpatient follow-up and recheck, and the experimental group received a telephone follow-up of specific disease and related health education, and received short messages about disease knowledge and medication reminders through short message platform provided by full-time nurse. We compared the anticoagulation knowledge,the anticoagulant therapy compliance, and the complications caused by improper anticoagulation between the two groups 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after discharge by questionnaire. Results: There were significant differences in each of the evaluation index between the two groups 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after discharge (P <0.05). Conclusions: Transitional care interventions among discharged patients with cardiac valve replacement surgery could meet their health needs, improve the anticoagulant therapy compliance, and reduce the incidence of complications caused by improper anticoagulation.