主管:国家卫生健康委员会
主办:国家卫生健康委医院管理研究所
中国科技核心期刊(中国科技论文统计源期刊)
中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库期刊
《中文核心期刊要目总览》核心期刊

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2000-2016年护士锐器伤发生率及防控措施落实情况汇总分析

杨冰 张敏 李文捷 朱秋鸿   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,100050 北京市(杨冰,张敏,李文捷,朱秋鸿);中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院公共卫生学院(张敏)
  • 出版日期:2018-04-25 发布日期:2018-04-25
  • 基金资助:
    中艾协与国际劳工组织改善医护人员工作条件合作项目(2017-GA-03/CHN179)

A pooling analysis of the incidence of sharp injury on nurses and implementation of prevention and control measures between 2000 to 2016 in China

  • Online:2018-04-25 Published:2018-04-25

摘要: 目的:分析国家职业卫生标准《血源性病原体职业接触防护导则》(GBZ/T 213-2008)(以下简称《导则》)实施效果,为深入贯彻落实该《导则》提供依据。方法:系统检索中外期刊数据库中公开发表的以中国大陆地区护士为调查对象的锐器伤相关的中英文文献,对纳入的文献进行统计分析。结果:在2000-2016年期间,来自全国319家医院的38 867名护士锐器伤率、针刺伤率、污染针刺伤率分别为81.93%、76.55%、61.14%;锐器伤、针刺伤、污染针刺伤年人均次数分别高达3.14、3.00、2.02次/(人·年);与2005-2009年相比,2010-2016年护士锐器伤率、针刺伤率、污染针刺伤率、锐器伤年人均次数、针刺伤年人均次数、污染针刺伤年人均次数均明显下降(P<0.01);二级医院护士锐器伤、针刺伤发生率以及年人均次数无显著变化(P>0.05),污染针刺伤发生率以及年人均次数升高(P<0.05);在2000-2016年期间护士的平均锐器安全使用培训率、疫苗接种率、手套佩戴率、伤后正确处理率以及伤后上报率分别为42.81%、52.05%、23.67%、54.86%、14.00%;与2005-2009年相比,2010-2016年护士锐器安全使用培训率、乙肝疫苗接种率、手套佩戴率、伤后正确处理率以及伤后上报率分别显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:实施《导则》后,临床护士职业性锐器伤害发生情况明显降低,职业性锐器防护情况得到一定改善,但形势依然不容乐观,还需要探索贯彻《导则》的新模式,采取综合性措施进一步发挥《导则》作用。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the effect of the national occupational health standard "Protection guideline for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens" (GBZ/T 213). Methods: Articles of study on the prevalence of occupational sharp injuries among nurses in China were retrieved and analyzed from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed and Embase. Results: This pooling analysis focused on 90 literatures from 2000 to 2016 which consisted of collected data from 38,867 nurses of 319 hospitals across 26 provinces in China. The pooled incidence of sharp object injuries, needle stick and contaminated needle stick for nurses were up to 81.93%, 76.55%, 61.14% respectively. The average number of sharp object injuries, needle stick and contaminated needle stick were up to 3.14, 3.00, 2.02 episode per person per year, respectively. Compared with 2005-2009, the incidence of sharp object injuries, needle stick and contaminated needle stick during 2010 to 2016 were significantly decreased respectively. The 42.81% of the nurses accepted work safety and health training. 52.05% of the nurses were immunized with Hepatitis B vaccine. 23.67% of them wore gloves while nursing patients. 54.86% of the nurses who were injured could treat the wound properly, but only 14.00% of the episodes were reported. Conclusion: After the application of "Protection guideline for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens", occupational safety of clinical nurses has been improved. However the implementing of the standard needs to be emphasized to minimise the incidents. The comprehensive measures should be taken to achieve the maximum safety of the health professionals.