Abstract: Objective: To describe the current status and influencing factors of illness perception in patients with Interstitial Lung Disease, and explore the effects of the influencing factors which can be intervened, such as resilience, on illness perception. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. The Connor-Davidson resilience scale, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) and the demographic scale were applied to investigate the 170 interstitial lung disease patients. Results: The score of illness perception and resilience was 56.02±11.09 and 56.53±10.35 respectively, and the resilience was negatively related to the illness perception (r=-0.423, P<0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that dyspnea, the illness duration and the resilience explained 34.9% variance of the illness perception. In addition, hierarchical regression analysis showed that the resilience alone explained 5.3% variance of the illness perception. Conclusion: The Interstitial Lung Disease patients have negative illness perception. Transitional care and functional exercise should be taken to improve the dyspnea. Moreover, healthcare providers should take some interventions on resilience to improve the illness perception of patients.