Abstract: Objective: To analyze the nursing care ability of nurses in primary hospital and related factors. Methods: Totally 133 nurses in 17 hospitals in Hubei province were investigated using the Humanistic Caring Ability Scale (HCAS) questionnaire. Results: The total score of the nursing care ability was (189.45±15.34) which was in the low level. The influencing factors were ages, employment forms and positions. The top three factors that affected the practice of caring are communication difficulty between nurses and patients (32.3%), lack of professional knowledge (21.8%), not enough nurses (18.8%). Conclusion: The nursing care ability of primary hospital nurses needs to be improved. Nursing managers should ensure enough nurses in the hospital and provide equal opportunities to nurses regardless of the form of employment to enhance their sense of belonging. Continuing training is necessary to improve nurses' communication skills and professional skills to provide high quality care to patients.