Abstract: Objective: To analyze the effect of comprehensive transitional care among colostomy patients with rectal cancer. Methods: Rectal cancer patients who will undergo colostomy surgery were recruited from three tertiary grade A hospitals in Guangzhou and randomly divided into intervention group and control group with 56 patients in each group finally finishing all the study. The patients were investigated by Stoma Quality of Life-Chinese Version, Stoma Self-Efficacy Scale, Stoma Self-Care Scale-early stage version before discharge, 1 month and 3 months after discharge. Results: The scores of stoma self-care ability, stoma self-efficacy, and daily routines and social interaction dimensions of quality of life among colostomy patients in intervention group were significantly higher that those in the control group (P<0.05), while the total score of quality of life in two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive transitional care could improve the stoma self-care ability and stoma self-efficacy, but have little effect on the total score and two psychological dimensions of quality of life. When designing the transitional care interventions, we should pay more attention to patients’ psychological counseling.