Abstract: Objective: To systematically review the effect of HME on preventing pulmonary infection in patients with artificial airway. Methods: The Cochrane Library, JBI Library, Medline, Embase, Pubmed, CNKI, VIP and WanFang databases were searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trails about the effect of HME on preventing pulmonary infection in patients with artificial airway. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the literature searching, screening, information extraction and quality evaluation were completed by two reviewers independently. Meta analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Totally, 14 RCTs were included. The meta-analysis showed that compared with non HME, using HME can prevent pulmonary infection in patients with artificial airway [Random effect model, OR=0.76, 95% CI (0.47, 1.20) ], and the significant differences existed. The differences were no significant in the mortality rate [OR=0.97, 95% CI (0.65, 1.46)] . Conclusion: HME can reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection in patients with artificial airway and it is worth being popularized.