Abstract: Objective: To explore the current status and influencing factors of Health Literacy among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: A convenience sample of 253 HD patients was recruited from the blood purification centers of four tertiary general hospital in Beijing, and investigated with Hemodialysis Health Literacy Questionnaire, Chronic Self-efficacy Scale, and Social Support Rating Scale. Results: The mean score of Health Literacy was (20.48±3.25) while about 75(29.6%) patients had limited Health Literacy. The mean scores of self-efficacy and social support were (7.17±1.75) and (35.32±7.82), respectively. Multiple linear regression indicated that age, self-efficacy, marriage, education, and dialysis duration were the main influencing factors of Health Literacy. Conclusion: The Health Literacy among hemodialysis patients is satisfactory, but we still need to improve their critical Health Literacy. More targeted measures should be taken to enhence the Health Literacy of the patients according to the different influencing factors.