Abstract: Objective: To investigate the Compassion Fatigue status among the nurses in oncology department, and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods: Totally 402 nurses in oncology department of 17 general hospitals from 3 provinces were surveyed with three questionnaires: the general information questionnaire, the Compassion Fatigue scale and the nurses' career cognitive status questionnaire. Results: The scores of the Compassion Satisfaction, the job burnout and secondary trauma stress among the nurses were (33.47±4.90), (25.97±4.51), and (28.54±3.44) respectively, which were all in a moderate Compassion Fatigue status. The professional cognition, health condition and gender have influence on the Compassion Fatigue (R2=0.220, F=38.723, P<0.001). The professional cognition, health condition, gender and social support have influence on the job burnout (R2=0.203, F=26.525, P<0.001). The professional cognition, health condition and social support have influence on the secondary trauma stress (R2=0.325, F=65.414, P<0.001). Conclusion: The nurses should strengthen the self management ability. As for administrators, they should evaluate this situation, and promote education and training on professional cognition and compassion for nurses with different characteristics in oncology department as well as improving workplace condition so that it would reduce compassion fatigue and improve the quality of oncology nursing fundamentally.